RP-Department of Kiswahili and African Languages
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Item Tathmini ya Uamilifu wa Kiswahili Nchini Uganda: Mintarafu, Ueneaji wa Matumizi Yake Kwenye Asasi ya Uchapishaji(ENSO, 2022) Rais, Abdu Salim; Onyango, Jacktone; Mbaabu, George IreriKwa muda mrefu, Kiswahili kilifundishwa nchini Uganda kama taaluma ya Kigeni, licha ya kuwa lugha rasmi ya pili, baada ya Kiingereza (GoU, 1995). Hata hivyo, Kiswahili kina dhima kubwa katika asasi za muziki, ulinzi na elimu ambako Uamilifu wake unadhihirishwa na ueneaji wa matumizi yake (Mbaabu, 1991na Mlacha, 1995). Ingawa Kiswahili kilienea nchini Uganda, kabla ya kufikia mwishoni mwa wakati wa kukamilisha utafiti huu, viwango vya Uamilifu wake vilikuwa havijatathminiwa kitaaluma kupitia asasi ya uchapishaji. Madhumuni ya utafiti huu yalikuwa, kutathmini Uamilifu wa Kiswahili kutokana na ueneaji wa matumizi yake kupitia asasi ya Uchapishaji. Uamilifu wa Kiswahili ulichunguzwa kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Uamilifu iliyoasisiwa na Wanasosholojia Auguste Comte (1787-1857), Herbert Spencer (1830-1903), Vilfredo (1848-1917) na Emile Durkheim (1857-1917) na kuendelezwa na Mesthrie na wenzake (2004). Nadharia ya Uamilifu iliangazia jukumu lililotekelezwa na fani katika jamii mahsusi(Mesthrie et al., 2004).Kiini cha Uamilifu ni uwezekano wa kuweko kwa fani yenye vijisehemu mahsusi ambapo kila kijisehemu huchangia maendeleo kwa kutekeleza jukumu mahsusi katika fani hiyo (Mesthrie et al., 2004). Nadharia hiyo ilisaidia kutathmini dhima ya ueneaji wa matumizi ya Kiswahili kupitia Asasi ya Uchapishaji nchini Uganda. Istilahi Ueneaji hutokana na kitenzi enea chenye maana ya kuwa kila mahali. Kuenea katika muktadha huo, kulimaanisha kusambaa kwa matumizi ya Kiswahili nchini Uganda kwa kupitia asasi ya uchapishaji. Ueneaji ni hali ambapo fani fulani husambaa ijapokuwa muundo huweza kubadilika kulingana na mazingira. Wataalamu wa Ueneaji walishikilia kwamba, fani huweza kupenya kuta za kikabila na kuzagaa zaidi kutoka jamii zilizoendelea, kuelekea zisizoendelea (Buliba et al., 2014). Ithibati ni kwamba, fani za lugha za Watawala Wakoloni zinapatikanaItem Mwathiriano Kati ya Watunzi wa Riwaya ya Kiswahili: Mwangwi wa Maudhui ya Mafuta (2008) katika Cheche za Moto (2008)(EAJSS, 2023-10-18) Kalingwa, Felix Musyoka; Kaui, Titus MusyokaMakala hii inashughulikia athari za Katama Mkangi kwa John Habwe kwa kujikita katika riwaya teule za Kiswahili za Mafuta (1984) na Cheche za Moto (2008). Utanzu wa riwaya ya Kiswahili umeendelea kupanuka kimaudhui na kifani kutokana na juhudi za watunzi mbalimbali kama vile Katama Mkangi na John Habwe. Japo tafiti za awali zimetafitia suala la mwingiliano matini, tafiti nyingi zimejikita katika kazi za mtunzi mmoja. Utafiti wa kina ulihitajika kuchunguza namna utunzi wa Mafuta (1984) ulivyoathiri John Habwe alipoitunga riwaya yake ya Cheche za Moto (2008). Katama Mkangi aliandika riwaya ya Mafuta katika wakati wa chama kimoja cha kisiasa ambapo uhuru wa kujieleza ulikuwa umebanwa sana. Habwe ameandika kazi yake katika mazingira yaleyale lakini katika kipindi ambapo uhuru wa kujieleza umepanuliwa. Kwa hivyo, amekwepa mtindo wa kimajazi alioutumia Mkangi na kuyaangazia masuala anayoyaibua kwa njia wazi. Makala hii ililenga kuonyesha kuwa maudhui katika riwaya ya Cheche za Moto ni mwangwi unaotokana na riwaya ya Mafuta (1984). Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya mwingiliano matini iliyoasisiwana Julia Kristeva (1969). Mihimili mikuu ya nadharia hii iliyoongoza utafiti huu ni pamoja na: hakuna matini ya fasihi yenye sifa za pekee, matini hubainisha sifa mbalimbali za matini tangulizi, na mwisho, matini ya baadaye huweza kufafanua dhana fulani kutoka matini tangulizi kwa njia inayoeleweka. Nadharia hii ya mwingiliano matini ilisaidia pakubwa kuonyesha namna kazi ya awali, Mafuta (1984) ilivyomwathiri John Habwe katika utunzi wa Cheche za Moto (2008) kimaudhui. Riwaya teule ziliteuliwa kimakusudiili kupata sampuli faafu yenye data ya kujaza pengo la utafiti. Data ilikusanywa kupitia kwa usomaji wa maktabani na vilevile kusakura mitandaoni kuhusu vipengele vya mwingiliano matini katika riwaya ya Kiswahili. Data hii imewasilishwa kwa njia ya kimaelezo. Utafiti wa makala hii unatarajiwa kutoa mchango katika uhakiki wa utanzu wa riwaya ya Kiswahili, hususan kuhusu kipengele cha kuathiriana baina ya watunzi wa riwaya za KiswahiliItem Translated Kiswahili Texts A Case Study of Kithaka wa Mberia’s Texts(2018) Jessee, Joseph Murithi; King’ei, Geoffrey KitulaTranslation is a complex exercise that involves not only transfer of meaning of linguistic aspects of translated texts but more importantly their literary aspects. This means that for a translator come up with the translated text that meets the knowledge, expectations and values of the target audience they must consider their historical and geographical contexts. This paper examined the plays written by Kithaka wa Mberia in Kiswahili and translated in English with a view by the writer to reach a wider audience. We have assessed the themes presented, linguistic and stylistic devices employed and the characters presented to see whether the knowledge, expectations and values of the target audience are met. Given that these texts are originally written in Kiswahili, it was important to see how the translator conveys the message to the wider audience targeted by the choice of use of English language. In our analysis we employed the Skopos theory of translation which focuses on translation as a purposive activity intended for a particular audience. The conclusion is that the translated texts have not to a great extent conveyed the intended message to the audience targeted as the translators focused mainly on the linguistic equivalents and to a large extent failed to meet the knowledge, expectations and values of the wider audience targeted.Item Tofauti kati ya Majukumu na Maumbo ya Uhusika Katika Vichwa vya Habari za Siasa Kwenye Gazeti la Taifa Leola Kenya.(Editon Consortium, 2021-11) Mutuku, Fidelis Kioko; Onyango, Jacktone o.; Mwita, Leonard ChachaMakala hii inaonyesha tofauti iliyopo kati ya majukumu na maumbo ya uhusika katika vichwa vya habari vya siasa kwenye gazeti la Taifa Leo. Nadharia ya uhusika iliyoasisiwa na Charles Fillmore mnamo mwaka wa 1968 imeongoza uchunguzi huu. Utafiti huu umefanywa baada ya kubaini kuwa wasomi mbalimbali wa gazeti hutafsili maana anuwai kwenye kichwa kimoja cha habari za siasa. Jambo hili husababisha utata wa kimaana na uenezaji wa jumbe zisizoithibatika katika jamii, hivyo basi, kuzalisha migogoro ya kisiasa nchini. Upekuzi wa yaliyomo kwenye matoleo ya gazeti la Taifa Leo ambayo yametawaliwa na vichwa vya habari za siasa na kuchapishwa kati ya mwaka 2017-2019 ni msingi wa data ya utafiti huu. Vichwa kumi na vinane vya habari za siasa vilisampulishwa kimakusudi na kutumika katika uchambuzi wa uchunguzi huu. Data katika makala hii imewasilishwa kupitia mfumo wa majedwali na maelezo. Matokeo ya tathmini ya uchunguzi huu yameshikilia kwamba Kiswahili hakina maumbo dhahiri ya uhusika ispokuwa katika nomino ambazo nafasi yake yaweza kuchukuliwa na viwakilishi vya nafsi ya pili na tatu umoja na wingi. Katika vichwa vya habari ambavyo nomino zake si za ngeli ya A-WA, viwakilishi faafu vya nomino hizo huchukua nafasi hiyo na kuwa maumbo ya uhusika. Kila aina ya uhusika ina jukumu lake la uhusika. Majukumu ya uhusika ni dhahania na hubadilika kulingana na aina ya uhusika. Uchunguzi huu utakuwa wenye umuhimu kwa wasomi wa magazeti na taifa kijumla. Wasomi wa magazeti wataongozwa na kigezo cha dhima ya maneno katika tungo kudondoa maana sawa katika vichwa lengwa vya habari za kisiasa na kupitisha tafsili hiyo moja kwa wanajamii. Kwa kufanya hivi, migogoro ya kisiasa katika jamii iletwayo na tafsili mbalimbali za kimaana itafutiliwa mbali.Item Sera ya Lugha na Mabadiliko ya Kimaudhui ya Ushairi wa Kiswahili kati ya Miaka 1930 hadi 1960 nchini Tanzania(2023) Njuguna, Helina Wanjiku; King’ei, Geoffrey Kitula; Wafula, Richard MakhanuMakala hii inachunguza jinsi sera ya lugha ya kipindi cha ukoloni ilivyochochea mabadiliko ya kimaudhui ya ushairi wa Kiswahili kati ya mwaka 1930 hadi 1960 nchini Tanzania. Kulingana na makala hii hali ni matukio mahsusi yanayoathiri ubunifu wa maudhui ya ushairi. Ili kukuza mjadala wetu, makala hii imezingatia sera ya lugha ya kipindi cha utawala wa Wajerumani na Waingereza. Uchunguzi unazingatia mashairi teule kutoka diwani za watunzi wafuatao: Mathias Mnyampala, “Diwani ya Mnyampala (1965)”, Amri Abedi, “Sheria za Kutunga Mashairi na Diwani ya Amri (1954)”, Akilimali Snow-White, “Diwani ya Akilimali (1963)”, Shaaban Robert , “ Koja la Lugha (1969), Pambo la Lugha (1966), Kielezo cha Fasili (1968), na Masomo Yenye Adili (1967)”, na Saadani Kandoro, “Mashairi ya Saadani, (1966)”. Mashairi yaliyoteuliwa yanasomwa na kuhakikiwa ili kubainisha maudhui yaliyomo. Uchanganuzi wa data unaongozwa na mihimili ya Nadharia ya Utegemezi na Nadharia ya Ubidhaaishaji wa Lugha. Katika mashairi teule, inabainishwa namna washairi walivyotetea na kuinua hadhi ya lugha ya Kiswahili kwa kueleza sifa na umuhimu wake katika ushairi wao. Pia, inadhihirishwa jinsi ushairi uliotungwa kwa Kiswahili sanifu ulivyotumiwa kama chombo cha umma cha kujieleza kwa kupigania haki, usawa, na uhuru pamoja na kuwahimiza wananchi wakae kwa amani, udugu na heshima.Item Uhusika katika Vichwa vya Habari za Siasa(EAST AFRICAN NATURE & SCIENCE ORGANIZATION, 2021) Mutuku, Fidelis Kioko; Onyango, Jacktone; Mwita, Leonard ChachaUhusika ni dhana ya kisarufi ambayo hutumiwa kuonyesha dhima ya maneno katika tungo. Dhana hii ni muhimu katika uchambuzi wa tungo kwani hunuia kuwasilisha ujumbe wa kisemantiki uliogubikwa katika muundo wa ndani. Makala hii inadhihirisha dhana mbalimbali za uhusika na jinsi zinavyojitokeza katika vichwa vya habari za siasa zilizoko kwenye magazeti teule ya Taifa Leo. Nadharia ya uhusika iliyoasisiwa na Charles Fillmore mnamo mwaka wa 1968 imeongoza uchunguzi huu. Utafiti huu umefanywa baada ya kubaini kuwa wasomaji mbalimbali wa gazeti hufasiri maana anuwai kwenye kichwa kimoja cha habari za siasa. Jambo hili husababisha utata wa kimaana na uenezaji wa jumbe zisizo thabiti katika jamii, hivyo basi, kuzalisha migogoro ya kisiasa nchini. Upekuzi wa yaliyomo kwenye matoleo ya gazeti la Taifa Leo ambayo yametawaliwa na vichwa vya habari za siasa na kuchapishwa kati ya mwaka 2017-2019 ni msingi wa data ya utafiti huu. Vichwa vya habari za kisiasa kumi na nane vilisampulishwa kimakusudi na kutumika katika uchambuzi wa uchunguzi huu. Data katika makala hii imewasilishwa kupitia mfumo wa majedwali na maelezo. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yameshikilia kwamba, mahusiano kati ya kitenzi na nomino au kiwakilishi chake katika sentensi hubainisha aina ya uhusika. Uchunguzi huu una umuhimu kwa wasomi wa magazeti na taifa kijumla. Wasomaji wa magazeti wameongozwa na kigezo cha dhima ya maneno katika tungo ili kudondoa maana sahihi katika vichwa lengwa vya habari za kisiasa na kupitisha fasiri hiyo moja kwa wanajamii.Item Fasihi ya Watoto katika Ufundishaji wa Kiswahili katika Vyuo Vikuu vya Afrika Mashariki(KAKAMA, 2019) Ngugi, PamelaUtafiti uliofanywa na shirika la Uwezo - Kenya kuanzia mwaka wa 2014 hadi 2016 kuhusu "Are our Children Reading?" umethibitisha kuwa watoto wengi hasa katika shule za msingi hawajui kusoma na kuandika kwa mujibu wa viwango vya madarasa waliyomo. Kwa sababu hiyo, shirika hili limependekeza mabadiliko katika ufundishaji na kupendekeza kuturnika kwa mkabala jumuishi wa elimu iwapo sekta ya elimu inatarajia kupata maendeleo thabiti. Mkabala jumuishi huhimiza wanafunzi kushiriki katika ujifunzaji wao na hivyo basi, kusaidia katika ukuzaji wa maarifa ya kufikiria kwa kiwango kikubwa. Katika kufanya hivi, ujifunzaji huwa wa maana kwa mwanafunzi na huchangia katika kujenga stadi nne za lugha ambazo ni: kusikiliza, kuongea, kusoma na kuandika, kusikiliza na kuongea kwa kiwango cha juu. Lengo la makala hii ni kujadili na kubainisha namna ambavyo fasihi ya watoto inaweza kutumika kama kichocheo cha kujua kusoma na kuandika, hasa pale ambapo wanafunzi wanapewa nafasi ya kujenga maana kutokana na usomaji wao. Fasihi ya watoto inaweza kuchangia katika kuinua maarifa, stadi na milelekeo chanya miongoni mwa wanafunzi kuhusiana na masuala ya kusoma na kuandika hali ambayo itachangia katika kufikia lengo la 4 la Malengo ya Maendeleo Endelevu katika sekta ya elimu kuhusiana na kuhakikisha Mitaala ya Kiswahili katika Vyuo Vikuu rya Afrika Mashariki I 212 kuwa watoto wanapata elimu bora na yenye usawa kwa wote na kutoa furs a kwa wote kujiendeleza (UN, 2015) katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Fasihi ya Watoto katika ElimuItem Fasihi ya Watoto kama Njia ya Kukuza Mshikamano wa Kiraifa(Moi University Press, Moi University, Eldoret, 2019) Ngugi, Pamela M. Y.Lengo la nchi yoyote iliyojikomboa kutokana na ukoloni na kupata uhuru ni kugeuza asasi za kiukoloni ilizorithi ili ziweze kuhudumia mahitaji na tamaduni za jamii mpya (Ochieng, 1985 katika Mbatia, 2012). Kenya ilipopata uhuru mwaka wa 1963, na kikwazo kikuu katika ujenzi wa taifa jipya kilikuwa ni ukabila. Wakenya waliendelea kudumisha uaminifu kwa makabila yao kama ilivyokuwa kabla ya ukoloni. Hivyo basi kulikuwa na haja ya kubuni njia za kukabiliana na hali hii. Ujenzi wa utarnbulisho wa kitaifa ni muhimu katika kupunguza migogoro ya kikabila na kimbari. Utambulisho huu hauji kisadfa bali hujengwa kimakusudi kama sehemu ya ajenda ya viongozi wenye mtazamo mpana na urazini wa kitaifa. Kama anavyosisitiza Njogu (2012) "Utambulisho wa kitaifa unasaidia katika kuimarisha asasi za utawala bora, kuwajibisha viongozi na kuweka uwazi katika utoaji huduma kwa umma." Tangu enzi za kabla ya uhuru hadi sasa, Kiswahili kama lingua franka kimeweza kutoa mchango muhimu katika kujenga mshikamano wa kitaifa, (Mbatia, 2012). Kwa mfano, mara tu baada ya uhuru Kiswahili kilichangia katika kujenga tabaka la wafanyikazi ambalo lilijumlisha watu kutoka makabila mbalimbali. Watu waliotoka mashambani na kuja kufanya kazi katika miji mbalimbali walilazimika kutumia Kiswahili ili kuweza kuwasiliana. Hivyo basi lugha ya Kiswahili ikawa mojawapo wa nyenzo za kujenga utaifa wa Kenya. Baada ya uhuru, serikali ya Kenya iliteua TUl11eya Ominde chini ya Uenyekiti wa Prof S.H. Ominde. Jukumu la tume hiyo lilikuwa ni kushauri serikali kuhusu utungaji na utekelezaji wa sera ya elimu baada ya kufanya uchunguzi uliohitajika. Tume hii iliibuka na malengo kadhaa ya elimu nchini Kenya.Lengo mojawapo la elimu lilikuwa na lingali ni kukuza utaifa, uzalendo na kuendeleza umoja wa taifa. Hivyo basi, elimu inayotolewa inahitaji kuziheshimu tamaduni mbalimbali zilizopo nchini na wakati uo huo, kuhakikisha kuwa haiendelezi ubaguzi katikajamii kwa misingi ya rangi, ukabila na dini. IIi kutekeleza lengo hili na malengo mengine, wasomi wengi wanaamini kuwa ufundishaji wa fasihi kwa jumla na hasa fasihi ya watoto unaweza kuchangia katika kuyafikia malengo haya kwa kukuza hisia za kitaifa miongoni mwa wanafunzi. ,- Ujenzi wa taifa ni juhudi za makusudi na za kujitolea. Tangu uhuru, wananchi wamekuwa wakitafuta njia za kuleta utangamano baina ya makabila na nchi mbalimbali za Afrika. Hatua moja kuhusu ujenzi wa taifa ni uimarishaji wa utamaduni wa tamaduni mbalimbali. Utamaduni wowote ule utaeleweka vyema kwa kuchunguza mila na desturi zilipo katika jamii husika, pamoja na kufahamu namna kila jamii ilivyowasilisha amali zake mbalimbali kama vile, ukarimu, kujitolea, haki na maslahi ya pamoja, mambo ambayo yalichangia katika kuunda utaifa. Ufahamu wa amali hizi waweza kupatikana kupitia fasihi za jarnii hizi. Fasihi ni matokeo ya shughuli za jamii; huibuka, hukua na kusambaa kutokana na mazingira yaliyopo katika jamii. Lengo la sura hii ni kubainisha dhima ya fasihi ya watoto kama kichochezi cha kujengaItem Mikakati ya Uchambuzi wa Fasihi ya Watoto: Mtazamo wa Upokezi wa Msomaji(AJOL, 2016) Ngugi, Pamela M.Y.Fasihi ni kama ndovu, nasi kama wafasili tunaweza kugusa sehemu mbalimbali za mwili wake kujua alivyo ndovu huyu. Kila mara tunapofanya hivyo, tunagundua jambo jipya. Unapomgusa ndovu huyu leo wakati mikono yako imejaa maji au ina unyevunyevu au hata baada yo miaka mingi, unapata kumjua kwa njia tofauti. Fasihi ni kama ndovu huyu, kila mara unapoisoma unagundua jambo jipya ... (Maoni yaliyotolewa no Prof Ngugi katika mahojiano baina yoke no Dkt. Tom Odhiambo na Julias Sigei, Juni, 2, 2015). Kauli hii aliyotoa Prof Ngugi inadhihirisha ukweli kuwa msomaji wa kazi yoyote yo fasihi ana nafasi kuu katika harakati ya kuipa maana kazi ya kifasihi. Kilo mara msomaji anaposoma kazi ya kifasihi huvyaza maana mpya. Maana hizi anazopata kutoka kazi hiyo hutokana na mazingira ya msomaji, ufahamu wake na uzoefu wa kiusomaji pamoja na muktadha wa msomaji. Makala haya yanalenga kubainisha mikakati ya uchambuzi wa fasihi ya watoto kwa kuegemea mkabala wa Upokezi wa Msomaji hasa kwa kuegemea msimamo wa Rosenblatt (1995) wa "Mapatano katika usomaji." Mtazamo huu unachukulia kwamba msomaji wa kazi fulani ana mchango mkubwa katika harakati za kuipa maana kazi ya kifasihi.Item Mchango Wajamii Yawaesha Katika Kuendeleza Lugha na Fasihi ya Kiswahili(CHEMCHEMI INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2016-07) Ngugi, Pamela YalwalaThe Asian people arrived in Africa more than one hundred years ago from Pakistan and India. Many of them are the children of the generations that entered Kenya at the beginning of the twentieth century. They came in as merchants from Gujarati, railway workers from Punjabi and clerks from Goa. When they arrived in Kenya, they found very few Africans who understood English. So they had to use Kiswahili, a language which by then had become largely a means of communication with Africans, who were mostly domestic servants and workers in their stores. Due to this interaction, this community has contributed significantly to the language repertoire of Kenya at various levels including sociolinguistic languagsand literature. The aim of this article is to highlight the contribution of the Asian community in the field of sociolinguists, language and literature to the Kenyan community and East Africa at large.Item Mbinu na Mikakati ya Kutumia Fasihi ya Watoto kama Bibliotherapia'(Journals.UDSM, 2015) Ngugi, Pamela M.Y.Katika ulimwengu wa sasa, sanaa ya uchoraji, dansi, muziki na hata fasihi imechukuliwa kama aina moja ya tiba kwa wagonjwa wanaougua magonjwa mbalimbali. Wataalamu wa tiba-therapia wameanza kutumia fasihi kama njia ya kuwasaidia wanajamii kukabiliana na hali mbalimbali za kijamii baada ya kugundua nafasi muhimu ya vitabu katika kutibu wagonjwa na wanajamii wengine wanaopitia hali ngumu za kijamii. Fasihi ya watoto kama ilivyo fasihi ya watu wazima ina majukumu mbalimbali katika jamii yoyote ya binadamu. Kupitia fasihi, wanajamii hujuzwa, huelimishwa na kuburudishwa. Fasihi ya watoto huwa na lengo maalum katika maisha ya watoto kwani inaweza kutumika kama kitulizo cha moyo kutokana na hali mbalimbali zinazowakumba watoto wa kisasa. Hadithi za watoto zinaweza kutumika kama njia mbadala za namna ya kukabiliana na hali ngumu za kimaisha. Usomaji wa vitabu vya fasihi ya watoto unaweza kutumika kama kichocheo cha mijadala ama darasani au hata nyumbani kuhusiana na hali mbalimbali zinazowakumba watoto katika viwango mbalimbali vya ukuaji. Lengo la makala hii ni kubainisha mbinu na mikakati ya kutumia fasihi ya watoto kama bibliotherapia. Katika kutekeleza hili, makala itaeleza dhana ya bibliotherapia pamoja na kubainisha njia mwafaka zinazoweza kutumiwa na wadau hasa walimu katika kutumia vitabu kama bibliotherapia miongoni mwa wanafunzi wao. Pamoja na hayo, mifano ya narnna bibliotherapia inavyotumika katika hali mbalimbali za watoto imetolewa.Item Matumizi ya Teknohama na Lugha ya Kiswahili kama Nyenzo ya Kuendeleza Sekta ya Kilimo: Tathmini ya Majukwaa ya Youtube naFacebook(CHAKITA, 2021-11) Kihara, David; Ngugi, Pamela M.Ulimwengll wa sasa IImeshllhlldia atbari chanya 11abasi leatilea matllmi:(j ya tekllolojia. Kwa haki/ea, learibll kila eneo la maisba ya binadamll leatilea IIlimwengll tua sasa linashllhlldia matllmi:(j ya aina mbalimbali za teknolojia katilea sekta mbalimbali, iwe elimll, biasbara na kilimo kwa lengo la kufikia malengoya Maentkleo Endeio». Hcya ni malengoya matamanio ya IIlimwengllyantryokllslldiwa kllleta maentkleo ya killChllmi, Iffllmuishwaji wa kfjamii na lIentklevll wo ma:(jngira. Mo/awapo ya malengoya maentkleo entklevlI m kHtokomeza '!foo, kuwa na IIhakilea wa chakHla, lishe bora na kHkH~ kilimo entklevll. lli kufikia lengo hili, ni mllhimll kilimo kibonshwe, kikH~ na kiwe entklevll ili ifikiapo 2030 tatizo la njoo liwe limekrvisha. Viryo hiryo, ni mllhimll kHwashirikisha wakHlima kupitia njia za mawasiliano :(jnazopatileana kwa urabisi na :(jnazoelewelea. Lugha ya KiSIVahili ina jllkllmll la kHtekeleza mawasiliano miongoni mtua wakl.lima kwa kllwa ni lugha intryowqfikia watll wengi Afrilea Mashariki. Katilea en:(j bii, nyenzo za kHwqfikia w(Jklllima ha:(jna budi kuhllsisha 1EKNOHAMA Ni leatilea mllktadha hllll ambapo maleala hii inalellga klltathmini mitandao ya kfjamii, basssan YOllTube na Facebook, kwa kHbainisha aina ya lIshallri lInaotolewa kwo waklllima na lIpoke:(j wake pomo/a na changamoto zozote wanazokumbana nazo. Hatimoye, mapentkkezo kllhusu mileakati ya kHleabiliana na changamoto hiZOyameto/ewa.Item Fasihi katika Labaja Ibukizi. Mifano kutoka Chapisho La"Shujaaz"(TAASISI VA TAALUMA ZA KISWAHILI CHUO KIKUU CHA DAR ES SALAAM, 2016) Ngugi, PamelaKatika miaka ya hivi karibuni, kumezuka mjadala kuhusu uwezekano wa kuchapisha vitabu na makala kwa kutumia msimbo wa Sheng. Kwa upande mmoja, kuna wale wanaodai kuwa Sheng ni msimbo unaowatambulisha vijana na hivyo basi msimbo huu unaweza kutumiwa ili kuwafikia vijana hawa kwa kuchapisha vitabu au hata makala mbalimbali yanayoweza kuwafaidi (Mugubi, 2006). Kutokana na mwelekeo huu, pameibuka kijitabu kwa jina “Shujaaz”, ambacho hulenga vijana katika umri wa miaka mbalimbali. Makala hii inalenga kubaini uamilifu wa kijitabu cha Shujaaz ambacho hutumia lugha ya Sheng katika kuwasilisha jumbe mbalimbali kwa vijana. Mjadala huu utajikita katika muktadha wa taaluma ya fasihi, hasa ikichukuliwa kuwa fasihi huelemisha na huburudisha. Tunalenga kuonyesha ni kwa namna gani, kupitia msimbo wa Sheng, masuala mbalimbali yanayohusu maisha ya vijana hujadiliwa. Makala itajadili maudhui mbalimbali yanayojadiliwa katika Shujaaz na kisha kuyaoanisha na taaluma nzima ya fasihi.Item Developmental Change and Peace among Children in Kenya(2015) Ngugi, Pamela M. Y.The concept of engaging children all over the world in participation or consultation is a relatively recent advent within the children’s right arena, and at least at first glance is an idea alive with promises and potential. This promise has special significance, given the range of conditions in Kenya that render most of the children particularly vulnerable. Thus children have been given a platform through the Children’s Assembly, through which they can engage with the many unique problems that curve out their daily existence. It is in this regard that the paper argues that given an opportunity children can be agents of peace, change and development in their own right. The paper presents information from the children’s themselves concerning their present experiences and future aspiration by examining the functions of the Children’s Assembly, Kenya and how the assembly engages children in contributing in meaningful ways to discussions of issues affecting them. By so doing, they are considered as agents of change, peace and development in relation to their engagement in the educational process, access to and negotiation of work, development of survival strategies in extreme conditions of poverty and deprivation that affects most of the children in Kenya.Item Tathmini ya Uwasilishaji na Upokezi wa Somo la Imla katika Shule za Upili Nchini Kenya” in MULIKA:(ournal of the Institute of Kiswahili Research, 2020) Kurema, L.; Osore, M; Chacha, LMakala haya yanalenga kutoa tathmini ya uwasilishaji na upokezi wa somo la imla katika shule za upili nchini Kenya. Somo la imla limeratibiwa kwenye mtaala na Iinapaswa kufundishwa kuanzia shule za msingi hadi za upili (KIE, 2005). Somo hili ni mojawapo ya masomo katika stadi ya kuandika. Ufundishaji wa somo la imla unapaswa kuimarisha vipengele vya stadi ya kuandika lakini kwa mujibu wa utafiti wa awali uliofanywa suala hili Iinasailika. Wanafunzi katika shule za upili bado wanafanya makosa mengi ya tahajia, uakifishaji, msamiati, matamshi na sarufi ambayo yanapaswa kupunguzwa au kuondolewa kabisa na masomo katika stadi ya kuandika hasa somo la imla. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa ufundishaji wa somo la imla unaathiri stadi ya kuandika na matumizi ya lugha kwa jumla. Hata hivyo, somo la imla linaonekana kuwa na nafasi kubwa katika kuimarisha stadi ya kuandika na kuzungumza ikiwa litafundishwa ipasavyo. Kwa hivyo, makala haya yanatalii somo la imla kwa undani kwa lengo la kubainisha umuhimu, uwasilishaji na upokezi wake na kutathmini ikiwa kuna udhaifu unaofanya rnalengo ya somo hili yasiafikiwe katika kazi za wanafunzi wa shule za upili nchini Kenya. Makala haya pia yanatoa mapendekezo ya namna ya kuimarisha uwasilishaji na upokezi wa somo la imla nchini Kenya.Item The Contribution of Persian Language to Kiswahili Phonology and Lexicon(2001, 2005) Osore, Miriam; Ngugi, Pamelahe favourable climatic and sociological conditions along the East African Coast made it possible for the inhabitants of non-African countries to open up relations with the indigenous peoples of the East African Coast. Such relations existed from the remotest times and that they have continued during the passage of centuries up to the present day. Individuals and groups of people from Persia immigrated to the East African Coast almost 900 years ago. They settled temporarily as well as permanently. Owing to the trade along the coast, the necessity arose for oral understanding between the people of the coastal districts and the various immigrants. Because of these, Kiswahili lan- guage which was being spoken at the coast, both as a first language and a language of general communication has assimilated many lexical items from various languages that were spoken by different groups of sailors and visitors. This process of absorp- tion came naturally as Swaluli civilization acquired foreign concepts and influences without in any way affecting the Bantu base of the Kiswahili language. It is in this understanding that this paper addresses the contribution of the Shirazi to the development ofKiswahili language. It demonstrates that borrowing is an active and creative process that has led to the enrichment of Kiswahili language and has not as many people would have us believe, turned it into a hybrid language. Borrowing is determined by linguistic and sociolinguistic factors. The paper examines briefly the history of Waswahili and the Persian migration to the East African Coast with a view of showing how the two languages came into contact. It then goes on to show how this affected the way oflife of the Waswahili as well as Kiswahili language especially its phonology and lexicon.Item The Contribution of the Germans to the Spread and Development of Kiswahili Language and Literature(Across Boarders:, 2005) Osore, Miriam; Ngugi, PamelaFollowing the partition of Africa, Tanganyika (mainland) was declared a German colony in 1885. The German.s had a brief rule, which was terminated with their defeat in the First World War. By the time the Germans co-Ionized Tanganyika, they found that Kiswahili had already spread in the interior by Arab and Swahili caravan traders. There were also-coastal people, Kiswahili speakers, who had settled in such inland centres such as Tabora and Ujiji. Kiswahili was already serving as a form of 'linqua-franca' in the mainland Tanganyika long before the advent _of the German colonization. During the German rule, they made use of this rich 'lingua-franca' in education and administration.Item The Subversive Cartoon Text: The Deconstruction of Political Ineptitude and Expedience in Kenyan Print Media(Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, 2011) Osore, MiriamThis paper seeks to investigate how the cartoon text deconstructs political ineptitude and expedience. It attempts to unlock the semiotics of the texts so as to uncover how the cartoon text communicates. I also ex· amine the various sub-texts embedded within the main text that reveal the absurd and bizarre realities of our democratization endeavours. Thepaper also tries to establish the convergence and intersection of humour on one hand and critical condemnation of the system within the cartoon by focusing on the signifying images of political ineptitude and expedience. Thus, the paper seeks to establish the signifying cultural symbols of political ineptitude and offers a reading of the constructed and emerging images of political leaders of modern KenyaItem Reconstructing Reality in the Kiswahili Novel: The Role of Dreams in Euphrase Kezilahabi and Said Ahmed Mohamed’s Novels(International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2011) Osore, MiriamMany scholars and researchers have argued that dreams are important symbolic forms. They contend that dreams are a 'royal road to the Interpretation of the Unconscious ', Sigmund Freud argues that dreams transcend wish-fulfilling discourses; thus, inasignificant way, dreams portray actual situations in a symbolic form. Freud further argues that dreams have a meaning accessible to interpretation and that they have a function. Dreams are expressions of wishes and defences. Therefore the motive behind a dream is a repressed conscious wish which comes into contact with a thought or train of thoughts during the course of the day. Thephysicist, Albert Einstein, is considered one of the greatest scientists who ever lived. However, his big breakthrough "Theory of Relativity" came to him, in a dream. After the dream, Einstein realized that secrets had been revealed to him, but he needed to understand what they meant. This means that dreams are an important aspect of human behaviour and must be subjected to analysis in order to unveil their latent meaning. When dreams are utilized in literary works, theyforeground meaning. It is in this context that the paper seeks to analyze dreams. The paper argues that the authors under study borrow from their social perspective of dream to attempt to give an interpretation of phenomena. Specifically, it is apparent that dreams are utilized as a way of acknowledging other ways of seeing the world other than science in an African context. Dreams cannot be analyzed by examining one element but an entire discourse of the dream. It is in this context that the paper utilizes Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (CDA). In the interpretation, dreams are treated as discourses: In order for these to befruitfully analyzed, the entire socio-cultural and communicative context is central.Item Nafasi ya Utamaduni katika Tafsiri: Mfano wa Msamiati wa Serikali na Bunge(CHAKITA, 2021) Osore, Miriam