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Corporate Governance Practices and Performance of Deposit Taking Sacco’s in Nairobi City County Kenya
(International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2023) Kihara,Boniface Njoroge; Bett, Shadrack
Good performance of SACCOs is a key ingredient for its continuous existence and sustainability. The financial intermediation function carried out by SACCOs is dependent on how well they perform. Over the years, there have been various concerns by policy makers and academician over the SACCOs' dismal performance in Kenya. Despite the various corporate governance initiatives and measures implemented by important organizations such as the Centre for Company Governance, the issue of firm corporate governance remains unresolved, despite the involvement of the Capital Markets Authority and SASRA. The aim of this research is to determine how the performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Nairobi is influenced by corporate governance. The research focused on how stakeholder involvement, board composition, organizational structure, and control environment affect Nairobi-based deposit-taking SACCOs’ performance. The study's base was stakeholder, agency, stewardship, and resource dependence theory. The study employed a descriptive design. A census approach was used whereby all the deposit taking SACCOs in Nairobi were included in the study. The target population was 47 CEOs, 47 Sacco officers, 47 heads of finance and 47 heads of credit department. Data was gathered using structured questionnaire. In this research, to evaluate the construct and content validity, the researcher did a pilot test. Both descriptive and multiple regression analysis were used to examine the data. The findings showed that corporate governance factors (board composition, organization structure, control environment and stakeholder involvement) had a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.691 with an R squared of 0.477. From the ANOVA table corporate governance had a significant effect on performance of DT Saccos (F=28.513; p= 0.000). From the regression, corporate governance (board composition, organization structure, control environment and stakeholder involvement) had a positive effect on performance of DT Saccos. This study concludes that corporate governance (board composition, organization structure, control environment and stakeholder involvement) has a positive effect on performance of DT Saccos in Nairobi, Kenya. The study recommends that management of DT Saccos improve their corporate governance for increased performance levels. There is need for similar research based on other factors influencing performance, other measures of the variables, other Saccos & institutions as well as adopting secondary data.
Effect of Board Size and Board Share Ownership on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya
(IJRISS, 2023-10) Bach, Ivy; Mwenda, Nathan
Financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya has been deteriorating due to low investments caused
by poor corporate governance practices, as reported by instances where boards of directors have refused to
embrace good corporate governance practices, resulting in poor financial effectiveness. The research sought
to ascertain how the board size and board share ownership affect the financial performance of commercial
banks listed on the NSE during the years 2016 to 2020. A descriptive research design was adopted and was
anchored on agency theory. Secondary data was obtained from the listed commercial banks published on the
Kenyan Investors website, Capital Markets Authority Library, Nairobi Securities Exchange websites, and
their websites. Inferential and descriptive statistics were utilized in data analysis and the Panel Data
Regression Model was analyzed using Stata 16. Findings showed that the average board size for the 12 NSElisted commercial banks in 2016 was 12, 10 in 2017, 8 in 2018, 11 in 2019 and 9 in 2020. Average board
share ownership was 2.10% in 2016, 2.32% in 2017, 2.61% in 2018, 2.92% in 2019 and 3.12% in 2020.
The study recommends commercial banks to have a bigger board which might have more specialized skills,
well-rounded expertise, and closer supervision of upper management which would eventually lead to
optimal judgments and better financial performance.
Personal Factors that Influence Criminal Recidivism among Recidivists in Munzenze Prison, North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo
(International Journal of Advanced Multidiscipliary Research and Studies, 2024) Bwanasafi, Muhesi Arsene; Oyombra, George
Many countries around the world are confronted with the challenge of recidivism. Recidivism has become a global phenomenon that challenges the efficiency of both criminal justice systems and security systems. One of the most important measures of the efficiency of prison programs is the reduction of recidivism rate. Meant to rehabilitate convicts, prisons play an important role within the criminal justice. By exploring personal factors that influence criminal recidivism in Munzenze prison. This study adopted Exploratory Sequential design using mixed method approach. The target population consisted of 1089 recidivists in Munzenze Prison, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The target population also included prison officers, religious leaders and civil actors. A sample of 100 recidivists was drawn for questionnaires and focus group discussions, while prison officers, religious leaders and civil actors participated as key informants. Questionnaires, focus group discussions guides, and key informant interviews schedules were used as data collection instruments. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed using content analysis and presented as quoted verbatim. While quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented using percentages, tables, average and mean, and pie charts. The study found that personal factors such as marital status influence criminal recidivism among recidivists in Munzenze Prison. For example, 86% were single, 8% were separated, 1% were widowed, and none were divorced. But among those who were single, around half of them had children. The study concluded that, the overwhelming responsibilities of a family when an individual is not in an employment, predisposes one to engage in crime to get proceeds to utilize on the family. The study recommended that, there should be a creation and implementation of a comprehensive rehabilitation programs within the Munzenze prison system that address the personal factors contributing to recidivism. These programs should focus vocational training, and education to equip inmates with skills and coping mechanisms to reduce the likelihood of reoffending
Impacts of selected Climate Smart Agricultural Practices on African Indigenous Vegetables in Kenyan drylands
(African Phytosanitary Journal, 2024) Muthama, Eric; Najma, Dharani; Samita, Namikoye; Karanja, Rebecca
Climate change has had significant impacts on the cultivation of African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) resulting in insufficient yields and food insecurity. African indigenous vegetables are important food crops used in combating malnutrition and food insecurity. The AIVs have the potential to provide nutrition and sustain smallholder farmers’ livelihoods. However, little is known about the impacts of ClimateSmart Agriculture Practices (CSAPs) on the yield levels in AIVs. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the impacts of selected CSAPs on the yield levels in cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata. L) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum. L) in Kenyan drylands. Six treatments consisting of organic manure, commercial organic fertilizers, irrigation, mulching, inorganic fertilizers and controls were used. Research plots measuring 3m by 3m were set out in a randomized complete block design and sowed with certified cowpeas seeds and well-established black nightshade seedlings. Treatments were applied at land preparation and at 7 days after crop germination. Data was collected on plant height at vegetative stage and the overall primary yield at crop maturity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the quantitative data collected and analyzed using Genstat software. Post hoc analysis was carried out for significant means using Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at p≤0.05. The results revealed significant differences in both the plant height and primary yield across all treatments (p≤0.05). The AIV yield levels were significantly influenced by the CSAPs products used. Plots treated with organic manure, mulching and commercial organic fertilizers had significantly higher yields. Control plots had the least amount of yields.
Organizational Agility and Organizational Performance of Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management, 2024) John, Eunice Kagendi; Ragui, Mary
The business environment globally is dynamic, exerting strong influences on institutions. Strategic management has over time been characterized with variations as a result of the dynamics of organizational management. As such, it remains vital for organizations to have direct or indirect adjustment as regards to those changes posing as threats to their performance as well as survival in Kenya, the commercial banks are responsible for providing transaction services such as withdrawals and deposits, investment options and loan services to the citizens. Due to globalization and evolving technologies, banking institutions in Kenya have been faced with declining performances, increased inflation, competition and new prudential regulations. Various studies have been carried out at different geographical areas, using different methodology and different indicators. This research aims to investigate the influence of organizational agility on the efficiency of commercial banking in Kenya. Specifically, it seeks to explore the effects of innovation agility, information technology agility, and human resource agility on the organizational efficiency of Kenyan commercial banks. The study draws support from institutional, learning organization, and contingency theories. The research design employed was descriptive, and primary data were gathered through the distribution of questionnaires. The target population included 43 commercial banks operating in Kenya, with a proportional stratified sampling technique applied to three tiers. Purposive sampling was used for seven departments, and random sampling was applied to senior managers, IT managers, and HR managers. A pilot test ensured the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, incorporating content validity and Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) facilitated the analysis of data, employing multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics. The results, presented in tables, indicated that the three-agility metrics—Innovation Agility, Information Technology Agility, and Human Resource Agility— could collectively predict approximately 86.8% of the variance in overall performance. Notably, Information Technology Agility demonstrated a statistically significant positive impact on organizational performance with a coefficient of 0.244. Human Resource Agility had the most substantial positive impact, reflected in a coefficient of 0.509. However, while Innovation Agility exhibited a positive coefficient with performance (0.210), it did not attain statistical significance.