MST-Department of Kiswahili and African Languages
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Item Makosa Ya Kiisimu Ya Wanafunzi Wanaojifunza Kiswahili Kama Lugha Ya Pili: Uchunguzi Kuhusiana Na Lahaja Ya Kigichugu(Kenyatta University, 2024-10) Njagi, Nancy Wanja; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamBinadamu wanahitaji lugha ili kuwasiliana na mojawapo ya lugha maarufu ulimwenguni ni Kiswahili. Kiswahili kimetafitiwa na wataalamu wengi ili kutafuta suluhisho la baadhi ya changamoto zinazokumba lugha hii na kuiboresha. Mojawapo ya changamoto na suala ambalo halijatafitiwa na utafiti huu ulikusudia kuchunguza ni makosa ya kiisimu ya wanafunzi wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili: Uchunguzi kuhusiana na lahaja ya Kigichugu.Wataalamu ambao wamechunguza masuala ya Kigichugu wameshughulikia masuala mengine tofauti na hili kama vile Kamau (1996) aliyelinganisha michakato ya kifonolojia ya lahaja hii na ya Kindia, Ruri (2011) anayelinganisha vitamkwa vya konsonanti za Kindia na Kigichugu. Naye Gituru (2019) anaangazia unyambulishaji wa vitenzi katika Kigĩchũgũ, Iribe (2012) anachunguza mbinu tofauti za kifonolojia zinazotumika katika kutohoa maneno ya Kiswahili yanapoingia katika Kigichugu na Ndung’u (2022), aliyefanya utafiti kati ya wanajamii wanaozungumza lahaja ya Kindia na wale wanaozungumza Kigichugu kuhusu mitazamo ya lugha na utambulisho wa kijamii. Utafiti huu ulitumikiza kanuni na mihimili ya nadharia ya Sintaksia Finyizi ili kuweka wazi makosa ya kisintaksia na kisemantiki yanayofanywa na wanagenzi wa Kigichugu wanapojifunza Kiswahili kama L2. Uchunguzi huu uliendelezwa nyanjani na maktabani. Nyanjani ulitekelezwa katika shule za sekondari za kutwa katika kaunti ndogo ya Gichugu. Katika utafiti huu tulipaswa kuteua shule, na wanafunzi wa kufanyia utafiti. Katika uchaguzi wa shule za kutwa za kufanyia utafiti tulitumia mbinu ya sampuli kimaksudi. Katika uteuzi wa wanafunzi tulitumia usampulishaji wa kinasibu pale ambapo tulipatia wanafunzi nambari kinasibu na kuteua waliopata nambari moja hadi sita. Data ya utafiti huu ilikusanywa kwa kutumia hojaji, insha na masimulizi. Data ya utafiti iliwasilishwa kupitia majedwali na maelezo. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalidhihirisha kuwa wengi wa wanafunzi katika shule za upili za kutwa katika eneo la Gichugu hujifunza Kigichugu kama lugha yao ya kwanza. Isitoshe, wengi huanza kutumia Kiswahili wanapojiunga na shule. Licha ya hilo, makosa ya kisintaksia na kisemantiki yaliyotokana na lahaja ya Kigichugu yalijitokeza katika utafiti huu. Makosa haya yalichanganuliwa kwa kutumia nadharia ya Sintaksia Finyizi na kudhihirisha ukiukaji wa kanuni za nadharia hii. Aidha utafiti huu ulibainisha vyanzo vya makosa haya ambavyo vinaegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa L1.Vyanzo hivi ni: uhamishaji wa mifumo ya kiisimu, tafsiri sisisi na ujumlishaji mno. Ili kupunguza makosa haya, mikakati mbalimbali ilibainishwa; ufundishaji kwa mwelekeo wa uchanganuzi linganuzi,walimu kutangamana na wanafunzi, wanafunzi kukosoana na kutahadharisha wanafunzi dhidi ya tafsiri za moja kwa moja kutoka L1.Item Nafasi na Mahali katika Hadithi Fupi Teule za Diwani ya Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine(Kenyatta University, 2024-11) Njoroge, Florence Wahu; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamUtafiti huu ulichunguza kipengele cha nafasi na mahali katika hadithi fupi ya Kiswahili kwa kurejelea diwani ya Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine (2007) iliyoharirirwa na Mwenda Mbatia. Vipengele tofauti vya fasihi kama vile, wahusika na uhusika, mandhari, mtindo na matumizi ya lugha vimetafitiwa na watafiti mbalimbali. Hata hivyo, kadri ya ufahamu wa mtafiti, utafiti kuhusu nafasi na mahali kama kipengele cha fasihi haujafanywa kwa kina katika fasihi ya Kiswahili. Vilevile, diwani teule haijachambuliwa kwa kutumia mtazamo wa nafasi na mahali. Utafiti huu ulinuia kuchunguza: Vipengele vya nafasi na mahali kama vinavyojitokeza katika diwani ya Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine, kuonyesha namna kipengele cha nafasi na mahali kilivyowasilishwa katika hadithi teule, na kuonyesha umuhimu wa nafasi na mahali katika kujenga maudhui na wahusika katika hadithi fupi teule za diwani ya Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine. Utafiti uliongozwa na nadharia ya naratolojia mkondo wa De Jong (2012) wa nafasi katika usimulizi. Mihimili ya nadharia iliyotumika ni; nafasi ya hadithi, nafasi ya msimulizi, fremu na vielezo. Utafiti ulifanywa maktabani na mtandaoni ili kupata data ya kuufaa utafiti wetu. Mtafiti aliisoma diwani teule, tasnifu na makala mengine muhimu. Uteuze wa sampuli ulifanywa kimakusudi ambapo mtafiti aliteua hadithi sita za diwani ya Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine. Data ilikusanywa, kuchanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa njia ya kimaelezo. Matokeo ya utafiti wetu yaliafiki matarajio yetu kwa kuthibitisha kuwa nafasi na mahali ni kipengele cha kimsingi katika ujenzi wa hadithi. Utafiti ulibainisha vipengele tofauti vya nafasi na mahali ambavyo vinapatikana katika hadithi teule za diwani ya Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine. Isitoshe, mtafiti alionyesha mbinu mbalimbali zilizotumika kuwasilisha nafasi na mahali katika hadithi teule na hatimaye akaonyesha dhima ya nafasi na mahali katika ujenzi wa maudhui na wahusika wa hadithi teule katika diwani ya Kurudi Nyumbani na Hadithi Nyingine. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatakuwa ya manufaa kwa waandishi wa fasihi ya Kiswahili hususan wa hadithi fupi, wasomi na watafiti wa baadaye wa fasihi ya Kiswahili.Item Usawiri wa Hadhi ya Mwanamke katika Methali za Igikuria na Maroa(Kenyatta University, 2024-11) Dunstan, Sospeter; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamUtafiti huu umechunguza na kuchanganua usawiri wa hadhi ya mwanamke katika methali za Igikuria. Suala la mwanamke katika ulimwengu wa sasa ni la kimsingi mno. Makundi ya wasomi, wanadini, wanasiasa na wanaoshughulikia haki za binadamu wamezama katika kuchunguza upya nafasi ya mwanamke katika jamii za ulimwenguni. Hili linatokana na madai mengi na hisia kuwa mwanamke ana hali duni katika jamii nyingi duniani. Tafiti za awali zilizofanywa kuhusu vipera vya fasihi simulizi kama vile; nyimbo na methali zilidhihirisha namna tofauti mwanamke anavyodunishwa katika jamii za Kiafrika kutokana na mifumo tawala inayompendelea mwana mume. Mifumo hii imejificha katika mila na desturi potovu za jamii mbalimbali. Japo hatupingi kauli za tafiti za awali, ni wazi kuwa, wanawake ni nguzo muhimu katika jamii nyingi duniani na wana mchango wao katika uendelezaji wa asasi tofauti za jamii. Kwa vile lugha huumbwa na utamaduni wa jamii, hutumika pia kama chombo cha kuusafirisha utamaduni huo. Methali kama mbinu ya lugha husheheni falsafa ya jamii inayoitumia lugha hiyo. Kutokana na ukweli huo, mtafiti amechunguza na kuchanganua usawiri wa hadhi ya mwanamke katika methali za Igikuria. Mtafiti amechunguza na kufafanua baadhi ya methali zinazomwinua na kumdunisha mwanamke ili kutimiza malengo ya utafiti. Utafiti huu umeongozwa na nadharia ya Ufeministi katika maelezo na uchanganuzi wa data. Uwasilishaji wa data umefanywa kwa njia ya maelezo ambayo yametolewa mifano mwafaka ili kueleweka zaidi. Tasnifu hii ina sura tano kuu; sura ya kwanza ni utangulizi, usuli wa mada, suala la utafiti, malengo na maswali ya utafiti, sababu za kuchagua mada, upeo na mipaka ya utafiti, yaliyoandikwa kuhusu mada, misingi ya nadharia na mbinu za utafiti. Sura ya pili imechunguza methali za Igikuria zinazomwinua mwanamke kwa kuzingatia baadhi ya mihimili ya Ufeministi. Sura ya tatu imechunguza baadhi ya methali za Igikuria zinazomdunisha mwanamke, miktadha yake na kuzilinganisha na mihimili ya nadharia iliyoongoza utafiti huu kwa jumla. Dhima ya methali za Igikuria imeangaziwa na kufafanuliwa katika sura ya nne ambapo mtafiti ameeleza utendaji wake. Sura ya tano ni hitimisho la utafiti huu ambapo mtafiti ameeleza matokeo ya utafiti, msimamo wake na mapendekezo kwa wasomi, watafiti na wapangaji sera ya elimu.Item Udhihirikaji wa Viambajengo Katizwa katika Lugha ya Kiswahili(Kenyatta University, 2024-11) Lucas, Priscah KatungeUtafiti huu ulichunguza udhihirikaji wa viambajengo katizwa katika Kiswahili. Kwa kawaida lugha huwa na viambajengo vinavyofululiza ili kutoa maana inavyopasa. Mara chache, lugha itakuwa na viambajengo visivyofululiza na kati ya hivyo kuna vinavyokuwa na maana na kuna visivyokubalika. Viambajengo katizwa ni elementi za neno au kishazi ambazo hazipatikani katika usanjari mmoja kwa sababu elementi kutoka mofu au kirai kingine zimeingilia kati (Reinholtz, 1999). Hili hutokea wakati mofu kadhaa za kiambajengo kimoja zimetengwa au maneno kadhaa ya kirai kimoja yametengwa. Kulingana na Kamusi ya Isimu na Falsafa ya Lugha (Massamba, 2004), mofimu ambayo inaanza halafu inaingiliwa kati na mofimu nyingine kisha inaendelea huitwa mofimu katizwa. Ifuatayo ni mifano, mmoja wa kiwango cha mofolojia na mwingine ukiwa wa kiwango cha kisintaksia. (a) Wa-me-chek-a (yakinifu) -Ha-wa-ja-chek-a (kanushi). Katika mfano huu, mofu ha- na -ja- zilirejelea ukanushaji lakini zilitengwa na kiambishi -wa- cha mtenda. (b) “Rais alizungumza, bila shaka, juu ya siasa.” Katika sentensi hii, kitenzi na kielezi chake vilitengwa na taarifa nyingine. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na malengo yafuatayo: kudhihirisha mofimu katizwa katika lugha ya Kiswahili, kuchanganua viambajengo katizwa katika kiwango cha virai na sentensi za Kiswahili na kuainisha viambajengo katizwa katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Nadharia ya Sarufi Miundo Virai Katizwa iliyozungumziwa na Harman (1963) iliongoza utafiti huu. Nadharia hii ilionesha jinsi vipashio katika kirai vilitegemeana na kuwezesha mistari ya ukingamo kuchorwa ili kuonesha vipashio vilivyoingilia kati viambajengo vinavyozungumziwa. Utafiti huu ulifanywa maktabani na pia nyanjani. Data nyingi ilikusanywa kutoka nyanjani ambapo wataalamu wa lugha ya Kiswahili walihojiwa kuhusu usahihi wa sentensi katizwa na hata kusaidia kuzalisha zingine. Mbinu ya usampulishaji wa kimaksudi ilitumika katika uteuzi wa sampuli. Data ilichanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa maelezo, majedwali na michoroti. Kutokana na utafiti huu, ilibainika kuwa viambajengo katizwa husababishwa na uchopekaji wa neno, tungo au mofu nyingine kabla ya kumalizika kwake. Mofimu katizwa ilibainika kujidhihirisha kupitia njia ya ukanushi na ukanushi maradufu. Utafiti huu ulibaini aina mbili kuu za virai katizwa. Sentensi katizwa ziliainishwa kulingana na dhamira, vishazi bebwa, vishazi vya masharti n.k. Tafiti zingine zinaweza kufanywa kuhusu udhihirikaji wa viambajengo katizwa katika aina nyingine ya kirai kama vile kirai kihusishi au kirai kivumishi katika lugha ya Kiswahili au lugha nyingine.Item Mwingilianomatini katika Riwaya Teule za Mwenda Mbatiah(Kenyatta University, 2024-09) Mohammed, Hawa Kabura; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamUtafiti huu ulichunguza mwingilianomatini katika riwaya za Mwenda Mbatiah. Utafiti ulijikita katika riwaya tatu: Upotevu (1999), Msururu wa Usaliti (2011) na Watoto wa Mwelusi (2018). Malengo ya utafiti yalikuwa kubainisha mazingira ya mtunzi yalivyochangia maingiliano katika riwaya teule, kudhihirisha kuingiliana kwa maudhui kulivyojitokeza katika riwaya teule na kutathmini usawiri wa wahusika ulivyoingiliana katika riwaya za Mwenda Mbatiah. Nadharia ya mwingilianomatini ndio ilitumika. Nadharia hii ilianza kujitokeza katika karne ya ishirini, mwanaisimu Ferdinand de Saussure alipoibuka na nadharia ya ishara. Alieleza ishara za kiisimu hupata maana kwa kurejelea ishara za awali. Misingi ya nadharia hii ilipatikana katika nadharia ya usemezano ya Bakhtin (1981) na kuendelezwa na Julia Kristeva aliyekuwa wa kwanza kutumia neno mwingilianomatini mwaka wa 1960. Nadharia ya mwingilianomatini husisitiza kuwa matini haiwezi kujisimamia na hutegemea matini nyingine ya hapo awali. Mihimili mikuu ilikuwa, matini hutegemea aina mbalimbali za tamaduni zilizowekwa na kazi asilia pale maisha ya kawaida huunganishwa kisha kubadilishwa, matini huwa ni kijalizo cha matini tangulizi kwani kauli huandikwa upya kwa kudokeza, mwangwi, kuiga na kuibadili kulingana na muktadha mwingine wa kijamii na upokezi na uwelewekaji hutegemea matini tangulizi kwani maana ya matini hupatikana kwa kutegemea matini nyingine. Nadharia ilisaidia kuonyesha jinsi mazingira ya kihistoria, kijamii na kiuchumi hufanya kazi za mwandishi mmoja kuingiliana na kupiga mwangwi katika kazi zake. Riwaya ziliteuliwa kimakusudi kwa vile zilisaidia kupata data iliyotakikana ya kujaza pengo. Data ya kimsingi ilikusanywa maktabani kwa kusoma riwaya teule na kunakili vipengele muhimu. Tasnifu, majarida, vitabu pia zilisomwa na kusakura mitandao kusoma kazi zilizotafitia mwingilianomatini. Data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa kwa njia ya maelezo kwa kutilia maanani malengo ya utafiti, maswali na nadharia ya mwingilianomatini. Utafiti ulisaidia kuonyesha maingiliano yaliyosababisha mwangwi wa masuala muhimu yaliyotokana na mazingira ya kihistoria, kijamii na kiuchumi. Mchango wa utafiti huu ni kuonyesha umuhimu mkubwa wa mwingilianomatinini ni kumwezesha mhakiki na mtafiti kuwa na mikakati mahsusi wa kulinganisha na kulinganua.Item Ubora wa tafsiri katika kamusi tafsiri za mtandaoni(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Lukungu , Winnie O.; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamKiswahili ni lugha inayozidi kukita mizizi kidijitali kupitia mbinu anuai ikiwemo programu za kamusi na vitabu vingine kama Bibilia vilivyoswahilishwa na kuhifadhiwa mtandaoni. Utafiti huu ulinuia kudihirisha ubora wa tafsiri ya maneno yaliyotolewa katika kamusi-tafsiri za mtandaoni. Kwa kuwa enzi hii kuna watumizi wengi wa mtandao kwa malengo anuai, kamusi za mtandaoni zina dhima kuu na hivyo kuwepo na tafsiri potovu kunaweza kuwaathiri watumiaji wengi. Utafiti ulichukua muundo wa kutathmini tafsiri ya maneno kwenye kamusi zilizoteuliwa za mtandaoni kuanzia alfabeti A – M na kutoa mapendekezo ya tafsiri bora zaidi, kwa msaada wa wataalamu wa lugha kama vile waandishi wa kamusi kama walivyolengwa na mtafiti. Mtafiti alishirikiana moja kwa moja na wataalamu hawa kama vile waandishi wa vitabu mbalimbali na wanaotumia kamusi hizi katika kuandaa tasnifu yake kupitia kwa mahojiano, hojaji pamoja na mawasiliano ya kila mara kupitia simuni ili kuhakikisha kuwa malengo yake yametimia. Utafiti huu ulilenga tafsiri ya Kiingereza-Kiswahili na wala sio lugha zingine. Mihimili ya Nadharia ya Isimu Kongoo ilitumika katika kupendekeza kongoo matini bora inayotumika kama tafsiri kwa kamusi za mtandao. Mbali na nadharia hii, nadharia ya Ulinganifu wa Kimuundo ambayo ni mojawapo ya miavuli ya nadharia ya Tafsiri ilitumika katika kuasisi tafsiri bora kwa maneno. Utafiti ulikuwa wa kimaelezo, na usampulishaji wa kimakusudi ulitumika katika kuwateua wahojiwa pamoja na kuteua data kutoka kwenye kamusi za mtandao. Data ilichanganuliwa kwa mwongozo wa mihimili ya nadharia pamoja na malengo ya utafiti. Baada ya kuchanganua data, matokeo yaliwasilishwa kwa kutumia maelezo na michoro ya jadwali kisha kutolewa maelezo yake. Matokeo ya utafiti yananuia kuboresha tafsiri ya kamusi kwenye mtandao ili kuwafaidi wategemezi, waunfaji na watumiaji wa kamusi hizi katika shughuli zao anuai. Baadhi ya watakaoweza kufaidi kwa kamusi yenye tafsiri bora ni pamoja na wasomi, watafsiri, walimu, pamoja na wageni wanaotumia kamusi hizi ili kujifundishia lugha ya Kiswahili.Item Maana Kimatilaba katika Matangazo ya Kibiashara ya Kiswahili kwenye Televisheni(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Mucee, Geoffrey Mutinda; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamThis research evaluated the connotative meaning of the Kiswahili television advertisements in Kenya. The research identified various televised Kiswahili advertisements with negative connotative meaning, analysed the televised Kiswahili advertisement texts with negative connotative meaning and discussed how the viewers of the televised Kiswahili advertisements interpet these advertisements. The study was guided by the tenets of Semiotic theory. The theory advances the relationship between a sign, an object and a meaning. The data for the research was generated from the Kiswahili advertisements with connotative meaning. Aspects of connotative meaning from the televised advertisements has been identified and sampled purposively. The research has been conducted from both the library and the field. The researcher has interviewed various advertisement viewers in order to identify how they perceive the the televised Kiswahili advertisements that have connotative meaning. The research was also carried out in the library where literatute review of books, journals and a variety of theses related to the topic of research to give this research a basis was done. Data was collected based on the research objectives and analysis of the data was guided the Semiotic theory. The presentation of the study findings was through narration where relevant examples were used and a summary given thereafter. The study established that the Kiswahili television advertisements in the study had negative connotative meanings that resulted in negative reactions. The study also found that the use of language, picture, and video signs in the Kiswahili television advertisemnets had negative connotations that elicited negative feelings. Also, the study established that majority of viewers of Kiswahili television advertisements view them as having the potential to elicit negative and positive feelings which can affect their perspectives of certain products, servives and or the behaviours of people in society. This study hopes to benefit researchers and scholars of Swahili semantics. This is because it will shed light as far as negative connotative meaning from televised Swahili advertisement is concerned.Item Utatuzi wa Makosa ya Kimofosintaksia Miongoni mwa Wanafunzi Wazawa Wa Lubukusu Wanaojifunza Kiswahili Sanifu, Kaunti Ya Bungoma, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2024) Namunyu, Emmanuel Wafula; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamThis research explored intervention measures to Morphosyntactic errors among the native Bukusu learners of Kiswahili. It purposed to confirm the existence of these errors among the learners as claimed by the preceding researches, evaluate the teachers’ intervention measures, and finally suggest the appropriate intervention measures to correct them. It was guided by the Theory of Interlanguage (TIL) and the Theory of L2 learning by Krashen. The IL refers to the type of language produced by learners of L2 which is neither TL nor NL. It asserts that the language of learners goes through various stages before reaching perfection in their L2 production skills. This research is qualitative. The researcher adhered to the field procedure in collecting data. Learners were given an exercise to write a composition on the same topic and fill in the blank spaces. The researcher also listened to their oral narratives to have a glimpse of their spoken language to make a worthwhile conclusion. The research involved forty students from four day secondary schools in Bungoma Central Sub-County which included Musokho Friends, Sichei Friends, Chebunyinyi A.C.K and S.A Wabukhonyi. Four teachers of Kiswahili: one from each of the four schools were also involved to evaluate their intervention strategies. Data collected was analysed by exposing the errors, categorizing them, exposing their sources, evaluating teachers’ intervention measures and recommending appropriate intervention measures. Data collected was systematically presented through explanations and tabulations in various chapters of the entire work. Not only will this research benefit teachers and learners, but also the authors of grammar course books by ensuring their books meet the learners’ needs. We hope that curriculum developers could also benefit from it as they would arrange the grammar concepts in a way that makes it easy for the learners to comprehend having realized the learners’ problems.Item Ukiukaji wa Kanuni Bia za Greenberg Katika Miundo ya Tungo zenye Vihusishi Katika Lugha ya Kiswahili(Kenyatta University, 2024) Ongwae, Jemimah Kwamboka; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamThis research investigated the violation of some of Greenberg’s linguistic universals in structures with Kiswahili adpositions. The research is derived from the field of linguistic typology. This field aimed at researching and analyzing the common properties and structural diversity for grammatical phenomena across the world`s languages. We followed Greenberg’s (1963) proposed set of 45 linguistic universals based primarily on a set of 30 languages considering the measure of orderliness of grammatical constituents in different language families. Kiswahili language was among the languages considered in his sample. Even so, it seems that some non-implicational universals proposed by Greenberg do not exist in the definitional characteristics of this language because Kiswahili got both prepositions and postpositions. This study focused on achieving the following objectives: It described the specific positions in which adpositions appear in sentences, to scrutinize different prepositional and postpositional structures and how they affected the structure of sentences and analysed the linguistics environments that trigger the violation of some of Greenberg’s universals in structures with Kiswahili adpositions. This research was guided by X-bar theory of Chomsky (1970). This is a substantive theory that analyses phrase structure properties of natural languages. Greenberg`s universals of language were also used too. Research data was Kiswahili prepositions which were collected by purposeful sampling method by reviewing literature from grammar books, journal articles and the other internet materials. Data analysis and presentation was based on the objectives through descriptive content analysis. This research revealed that when prepositional incorporation occurs to governing verbs, it affects the structure of the sentence by removing the preposition and causing displacement of the direct object. We were also able to determine that Kiswahili is a language of adpositions. However, when prepositions are placed between two nouns, especially when a-conjuctions are analyzed in X-bar theory, Kiswahili seems to be a prepositional language. Some of Greenberg’s universals were violated in Kiswahili structural sentences due to to Kiswahili language having both prepositions and postpositions. Although it was also revealed that some of Greenberg’s universals bring some validity and compliance in the Kiswahili language. The study has contributed to the copus on word order, typology of languages and Kiswahili syntax. It has benefited grammarians and linguistics researchers interested in structural analysis, especially Bantu linguistics.Item Mchango wa Sitiari na Metonimu Katika Uzuaji wa Polisemia Katika Kiswahili(Kenyatta University, 2024-04) Masika, Mark Elphas; King'ei, Kitula Osore, MiriamUtafiti huu ulilenga kuangazia mchango wa sitiari na metonimu katika uzuaji wa polisemia katika Kiswahili ambapo uliweza kupambanua namna metonimu na sitiari zinavyoweza kuzua maana mpya ya maneno ya Kiswahili. Pia ulitusaidia kufahamu athari ya metonimu na sitiari katika uzuaji wa polisemia katika Kiswahili. Kimsingi polisemi ni leksimu moja yenye maana nyingi ambazo zinahusiana kwa njia moja au nyingine (Chacha na Pendo, 2019). Pia kuna njia zingine za uzuaji wa polisemi kwa mfano ukopaji, mabadiliko katika matumizi ya neno, na ufasiri mpya wa homonimu. Kuna baadhi ya wataalamu ambao wamezungumzia polisemia kama vile Mwendamseke (2016) aliyeandika makala kuhusu uelekeo wa maana za kipolisemia katika msamiati wa Kiswahili. Naye Gaichu (2013) alishughulikia uchunguzi wa sitiari dhanifu katika methali za Kiswahili. Utafiti huu wa sitiari na metonimu ndio usiodhihirika moja kwa moja. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na malengo yafuatayo: Kubainisha polisemi ambazo zimeundwa kutokana na sitiari na metonimu katika Kiswahili, kuainisha polisemi katika lugha ya Kiswahili, kudhihirisha mchakato ambao sitiari na metonimu hupitia kuunda polisemi katika Kiswahili. Nadharia ya semantiki tambuzi iliongoza utafiti huu. Nadharia hii ni sehemu ya nadharia ya Isimu Tambuzi ambayo ina misingi katika saikolojia tambuzi (Vyvyan & Greens, 2006). Data husika ilikusanywa maktabani. Maktabani, maneno ambayo ni polisemi na yameundwa kwa sitiari na metonimu kwenye Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu (2018) yalikusanywa. Mbinu ya usampulishaji wa kimaksudi ilitumika katika uteuzi wa sampuli. Data ilichanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa njia ya kimaelezo na majedwali ili iweze kueleweka. Kutokana na data ya utafiti huu, imebainika kuwa kuna baadhi ya polisemi zilizojitokeza ndani ya homonimu. Kwa mfano, tata2 na chuo1. Pia, imebainika kuwa data hiyo ilikuwa na polisemi za majina ya wanyama, wadudu na ndege. Hata hivyo, imebainika kuwa sitiari huwa na maeneo mawili ya ufahamu: moja ni ile inayotokana na maumbo tunayoyaona na nyingine ni ile ya kidhahania. Hiyo ya kwanza inaitwa eneo chasili na ya pili eneo lengwa. Kwa mfano, sitiari “Maria ni chui” maumbo tunayoyaona (eneo chasili) ni Maria na chui na maumbo ya kidhahania (eneo lengwa) ni ukali. Kwa upande mwingine, imebainika kuwa metonimu huwa na eneo moja. Kwa mfano, leksimu kiti eneo lake ni uongozi. Tafiti zingine zinaweza kufanywa kuhusu mchango wa mbinu zingine za lugha kama vile tashibihi, lakabu na jazanda yaani; namna ambavyo mbinu hizo zinaweza kuchangia pia katika kuunda polisemia katika Kiswahili.Item Uanuwai wa Kimofolojia Katika Tafsiri za Nomino za Pekee Katika Biblia(Kenyatta University, 2023-06) Mwangi, Simon Kiarie; Leonard Chacha; Miriam OsoreAbstractItem Mchango Wa Kiswahili Katika Mofofonolojia Ya Nominomkopo Za Kibukusu(Kenyatta University, 2023-06) Juma, James Tom; Jacktone Okello OnyangoAbstractItem Changamoto Katika Ujifunzaji Fonolojia Arudhi ya Kiswahili Katika Shule za Upili, Gatuzi la Homabay, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2023-05) ‘Wagabi, Wanga James; Jacktone O. OnyangoAbstractItem Usawiri wa Waathiriwa wa Ghasia za Kisiasa na Kijamii katika Riwaya Teule za Kiswahili(Kenyatta University, 2023-11) Mogondo, Erickson Okora; Beth N. Mutugu.AbstractItem Uchanganuzi wa Makosa ya Kisarufi Katika Insha za Kiswaiiele Miongoni Mwa Wanafunzi wa Shule za Upili Katika Kaunti ya Nakuru Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2023-11) KIGIA, JOHN MWAURA; Babusa Hamisi; Miima FlorenceAbstractItem Uchanganuzi wa Nyimbo za Jaguar (Charles Njagua Kanyi) na Willy Paul (Wilson Abubakar Radido)(Kenyatta University, 2023-06) Ng'ata, John Gituhu; King'ei, Kitula Osore, Miriam; Richard. M. WafulaItem Uchanganuzi wa Nyimbo za Jaguar (Charles Njagua Kanyi) na Willy Paul (Wilson Abubakar Radido)(Kenyatta University, 2023-06) Ng'ata, John Gituhu; King'ei, Kitula Osore, Miriam; Richard. M. WafulaItem Mbinu za Kujllmarisha na Kujidumisha Kilugha kwa Wambeere(CHAKAMA, 2015) Kaviti, Fridah M; Ngugi, PamelaItem Isimu Ikolojia ya Leksimu za Miti Shamba Katika Lugha ya Kiswahili(Kenyatta University, 2023-11) Karoli, Bonareri Nelly; Leonard Mwita ChachaThis study examined the ecology of herbal lexicon in Swahili language. Ecology is a branch that explores debates that are relevant or inappropriate for the environment. Language and culture are inseparable. Language patterns influence the way humans think about their environment and that leads to actions that are the heart of the ecological challenges they face. In this project, we analysed how herbal lexicons are considered as signs of environmental conservation techniques in the ecosystem. The project aimed to achieve these goals: to identify how the herbal lexicons could be classified in the Swahili language, to examine how the herbal lexicons reflected environmental conservation and to demonstrate the relationship between the herbal lexicons and the Swahili culture. This study was guided by the ecosemiotic theory that helped us understand that what is identified as an impact on ecology often has semiotic factors and differences in interpreting signs or vocabulary. Data was collected by the interview technique from the Swahili speakers found in Mvita. We noted that there are herbal lexicons like mpambamwitu that the Swahili used to show the beauty of their forests by bringing a natural image and a unique look. In addition, we found that the Swahili people interacted with the herbal trees in their day-to-day life such as mwarubaini. This culture was seen as a system of symbols that the Swahili used to communicate and bring meaning to their environment. How we choose our vocabulary while communicating about the environment can change the way the community views their environment. This study suggests that we should recognize the value of the natural environment and incorporate it into our policies and systems. By recognizing that our environment is our biggest ally then we will use it in a sustainable way for future generations. 1Item Athari za Ekegusii Katika Matumizi ya Kiimbo cha Kiswahili Miongoni mwa Wanafunzi wa Shule za Upili Kaunti ya Kisii, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2023-11) Nyougo, Christine; Peter GithinjiUtafiti huu ulichunguza matumizi ya kiimbo cha Kiswahili miongoni mwa wanafunzi wanaozungumza Ekegusii kama lugha ya kwanza. Shule tatu zilihusishwa katika utafiti huu: Shule ya upili ya Senior Chief Musa Nyandusi, Nyamondo na Nyabisia. Malengo ya utafiti huu yalikuwa: Kutathmini utamkaji na ufasili wa kiimbo cha Kiswahili miongoni mwa wanafunzi wanaozungumza Ekegusii kama lugha ya kwanza, kuchunguza jinsi viarudhi vya lugha ya Ekegusii vinavyoathiri kiimbo cha Kiswahili. Kutathmini jinsi usuli wa lugha na tajriba ya wanafunzi inavyochangia matumizi bora ya kiimbo katika uzungumzaji wa Kiswahili. Ili kuafiki madhumuni haya, maswali yafuatayo yalitumiwa: Je, wazungumzaji wa Ekegusii hufasili vipi kiimbo cha Kiswahili sanifu? Viarudhi vingine vya Ekegusii huathiri kiimbo cha Kiswahili vipi? Usuli na tajriba ya wanafunzi huchangia vipi katika matumizi bora ya kiimbo cha Kiswahili? Nadharia ya ujifunzaji wa kiimbo cha lugha ya pili iliyoasisiwa na Mennen (2015) ilitumiwa katika kuchunguza matumizi ya kiimbo. Utafiti huu ulifanywa maktabani na nyanjani. Maktabani ulihusu kusoma matini, vitabu, tasnifu, majarida na makala mtandaoni kuhusu kiimbo. Nyanjani ulijumuisha matumizi ya hojaji funge na wazi katika kupata tathmini ya wanafunzi ya sampuli ya data waliyopewa na mtafiti. Vilevile, mbinu ya mahojiano ambayo yalirekodiwa ilitumika kwa walimu wanaofunza Kiswahili. Pia, uchunzaji wa kushiriki ulitumiwa. Data ilichanganuliwa na kuwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo, majedwali, michoro na chati. Matokeo ya utafiti yalionyesha kuwa lugha ya Ekegusii huathiri matumizi ya kiimbo sahihi cha Kiswahili. Wazungumzaji wa Ekegusii walionyesha athari katika usomaji na ufasili wa kiimbo cha Kiswahili. Ilibainika kuwa viarudhi vingine vya Ekegusii huathiri matumizi ya kiimbo cha Kiswahili. Utafiti ulithibitisha kuwa jinsia huchangia katika matumizi sahihi ya kiimbo ambapo ilidhihirika kuwa jinsia ya kike hutumia kiimbo sahihi katika mazingira rasmi ikilinganishwa na jinsia ya kiume. Tajriba pia huchangia kiimbo sahihi pale ambapo wanafunzi ambao wamekuwa shuleni kwa muda mrefu huzungumza kwa kiimbo bora. Vifaa vya kisasa pia huchangia kuboresha matumizi ya kiimbo sahihi cha Kiswahili. Tunapendekeza walimu wakuze matumizi ya vifaa vya kisasa katika ufundishaji wa kiimbo cha Kiswahili, kuwepo sheria shuleni kuhusu matumizi ya Kiswahili katika mazingira rasmi na ufundishaji wa kiimbo utiliwe maanani kuanzia viwango vya chini vya elimu.