MST-Department of Security and Correction Science

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Relationship between Street Children and Crime: a Case of Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2022-09) Kobina, Cheserek Samuel
Abstract
De-Radicalization as a Measure of Countering Violent Extremism: A Case of Murang'a County Kenya
(2022-11) Mbuthia, Catherine Wambaire
Abstract
Influence of Social Media on Ethnic Conflicts During General Elections in Kibra Consituency, Nairobi County, Kenya: 1990-2017
(Kenyatta University, 2022-07) 0joo, Victoria Agina
Abstract
Proliferation of Criminal Gangs and Personal Security in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2022-11) Kibunja, Jackson Kamau
The proliferation of criminal gangs negatively impacts on personal security of people living in urban arcas. Over the years, the presence of gangs has been reported in urban areas with the number of gangs and gang members increasing. This study focused on the proliferation of gangs and its impacts on personal security. The main objective of this study was to explore the proliferation of criminal gangs in Nairobi City County and personal security. The specific objectives were to; explore reasons for proliferation of criminal gangs in Nairobi City County, establish the effect of the proliferation of criminal gangs™ activities on personal security in Nairobi City County and asses the effectiveness of the strategies used in combating criminal gangs’ activities in Nairobi City County. The study was guided by social disorganization theory and social bonding theories. Descriptive survey design where both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used through the application of questionnaires and personal interviews. A total 120 respondents from a sample size of 400 were involved. The study used both purposive and stratified random sampling procedures and the pilot testing was conducted in Ruiru Sub-County. Primary data from the participants was obtained using open and close ended questionnaires while qualitative data was obtained by conducting interviews. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics aided by SPSS software version 25, while the qualitative data is presented using illustrative quotes comprising of verbatim and narratives and the data analysed using a deductive approach. The study found out that the reasons for the proliferation of criminal gangs in Nairobi City County were; high unemployment rate, the growth of informal settlement, police corruption and inefficiency, selfish political interests, poverty, inequalities in education and employment, peer pressure, poor parenting and the increased access to drugs and illegal arms in the city. Likewise, there has been an increase in police associated shootings in urban settings. the number of violent crimes and muggings, drug trafficking and abuse, mob injustice cases on suspected robbers and gang members. Consequently, this has increased the crime rate against people in urban centres across the country, hence diminishing the personal security of city residents. The study also concluded that the evaluation of the effectiveness of implemented strategies is program-specific and should depend on the specific program implemented. However, the current strategies used by the Police Service are ineffective in addressing the growing criminal gangs and coercive means as tools to address violent criminal gangs are ineffective and unlawful, the collaboration between the society and the police service to promote the reform of youths from criminal gangs and surrender of any weapons is an effective tool for addressing the proliferation of criminal gangs in urban areas. The study recommended the provision of sustainable jobs for the youths, improving informal settlements and slums in the city, improve police working conditions and eradicate corruption, prosecution of political patrons, parents to be responsible and the government to focus more on developmental strategies rather than coercive strategies.
Global Media and Multilateral Negotiations: Case of Paris Agreement on Climate Change (2015)
(Kenyatta University, 2022-11) Kinayia, Antony Parkion
Immigration along Kenya’s Western Frontier and National Security Implications: A Case of Busia and Malaba Border Points, 2000 — 2020
(Kenyatta University, 2023-07) Ekisa, Osere Joseph
Abstract
Community Policing and Security in, Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-01) Abdikadir, Abdilatif
Abstract
Lamu Port-South – Sudan-Ethiopia-Transport ( Lapsset ) Project and Security in Kenya: A Case of Isiolo County
(Kenyatta University, 2023-03) Koech, Leonard Kipleting
Abstract
Role of Parliament in Foreign Policy Formulation in Kenya (2010 2019)
(Kenyatta University, 2023-06) Ardi, Billow Adan
Abstract
Strategies for Preservation of National Identity Among Second-Generation Somali Refugees in Kakuma Camp, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-05) Muchiri Sheila Lisa Wangari
Abstract
Gender Mainstreaming and Performance of Kenya Police Women Officers: A Case of Nairobi City County
(Kenyatta University, 2022-12) Njue, Cathrine M.
This study looked at the role played by the gender mainstreaming on the performance of Female Police Officers within the Kenya National Police Service. In relation to this, it examined the laws, policies and practices, organizational culture, gender bias, and gender sensitization in service delivery to female police officers. This was done only in relation to gender mainstreaming effects on national security in the National Police Service, and not in relation to other sectors. Survey research design of descriptive nature was employed. The study target population was 1200 police officers from 10 police posts in Nairobi City County. The respondents comprised of 290 senior officers, gender relevant government officials from Nairobi and a section of the public. The primary data was collected using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used while carrying out this research. Coming to the main questions of the study and the key hypotheses tested, it is possible to conclude that there is a professionally positive and statistically significant relation between institutional legal framework, gender discrimination, and community perception and the performance of Kenyan policewomen. Institutional culture was also revealed as a negative significant influence on performance of Kenyan policewomen officers. Thus, the conclusion with following the main findings of research was made: The gender mainstreaming should be considered as efficient tools to improve the performance and activity of women within the sphere of national security. The main recommendations are; Compulsory Gender Policy Training, Prescribed Policies for Reporting/Addressing Gender Discrimination, and a Enhancing Female Polity Representation.
Kenya Defence Forces Infrastructure Improvement and its Implications on Livelihoods
(Kenyatta University, 2023-11) Okwaro, Ouma Okwaro
This study pretested research equipment with 27 non-target respondents. For the pilot study, a 10% pre-test sample size (27 sampled respondents) was recommended and appropriate. The supervisor verified validity, and the study instrument was pre-tested for reliability and Cronbach's value over 0.7. To verify data, government, non-state, and other studies were consulted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 28 for quantitative data and summarlzatwn with triangulation for qualitative data, grouping it into topical and thematic groups. Data was presented via graphs, tables, and quotes. The study focused on confidentiality, voluntary involvement, informed consent, and obtaining relevant introduction letters and research licenses. The research showed that the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) had improved infrastructure, affecting livelihoods. They use heavy machinery for disaster response and created the KDF Research and Development Center as an innovation hub. The KDF is also supporting Kenya's Vision 2030 and the Big Four Agenda by growing and involving non-military individuals. The decrease in expenditures as a proportion of GDP shows their dedication to development initiatives and their impact on infrastructure and livelihoods. KDF efforts to revive the NakuruKisumu Railway line boosted traffic. They also do borehole drilling, road and bridge construction, dam construction and de-silting, and medical and veterinary services. These programs have helped individuals, homes, communities, and the nation. The KDF's swift response has helped state departments strengthen communities socioeconomically. The study suggests adding infrastructure development to the KDF's mandate. When building additional bases, the government should expand infrastructure and provide social amenities. Local development work like road construction can be outsourced to the military.
Principle of Sovereignty and norms of military intervention: A case of African Union Constitutive Act
(Kenyatta University, 2024-12) Ayuol, Monyiluak Aluou
Abstract
Dynamics of Kidnapping and Its Implications on Human Security in Adamawa State, Nigeria
(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Girei, Musa Umar
Kidnapping has raised serious implications to human security in Adamawa State. This is because the crime has become a multi-million Naira industry in the State and therefore a lucrative business. This study examined the dynamics of kidnapping and its implications on human security in Adamawa State specifically Girei Local Government. The study investigated the prevalence of kidnapping by type, examined the factors encouraging kidnapping, determined the implications of kidnapping on human security and identified the challenges associated with mitigating kidnapping in Adamawa State. The research adopted three theories: the Rational Choice Theory (RCT) to explain why an individual chooses to engage in kidnapping; the Routine Activity Theory (RAT) which explains how individuals were kidnapped and lastly the Situational Crime Prevention theory (SCP) which explains how to mitigate kidnapping and achieve human security. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The research was carried out in Girei Local Government Area which is said to be the worst hit in kidnapping incidences in the state. The study sampled 20% of the target population of 769 persons. Both Purposive sampling and snow ball sampling were used to draw 154 respondents from the target population. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used as instruments for data collection. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis guided by the themes and pattern generated. The findings were discussed according to the objectives of the study. The response rate was 94.8%. The study discovered that political kidnapping, kidnapping for revenge, kidnapping for ritual and kidnapping for ransom were the most prevalent types in Adamawa State. Some of the factors found to encourage kidnapping include: unemployment, greediness, availability of illegal firearms in the society, desire to get rich quickly and corruption in the government. The effects of kidnapping include economic, political, social and psychological effects both to the victims and the society at large. Some of the recommendations from the study include provision of adequate security, establishment of poverty alleviation programmes and provision of employment opportunities to the youths.
Water Scarcity Role on Violent Conflicts amongst Pastoralist Communities in Tiaty Sub-County, Baringo County Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Safari, Sarah N.
Over the years, pastoralists have experienced security challenges that bar them from accessing water. Water is essential for the sustenance of human lives and it is important to understand the human security challenges that are faced in a bid to access water. This study delves into the intricate relationship between water scarcity and conflict dynamics within pastoralist communities, shedding light on the multifaceted factors that influence conflicts arising from resource scarcity. Through a comprehensive analysis of social, economic, and environmental dimensions, alongside conflict intensity and stakeholder involvement, the study seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of conflict drivers and inform effective mitigation strategies. The study’s theoretical framework was guided by the resource curse theory as well as the environmental scarcity theory. A descriptive research design was used and the target population for the study was 73,424 residents of Tiaty Sub County and through the use of multistage sampling, 156 respondents were chosen to participate in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Descriptive statistics were analysed and presented in percentages and frequencies while inferential statistics was analysed through the use of the Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings were presented in the form of tables. The researcher ensured careful ethical considerations.The correlation analysis to determine the effect of Social Factors on violent conflicts shows a significant correlation existed (r = 0.785, p < 0.05). Pearson’s correlations coefficient was higher than 0.5 suggestion a strong relationship existed between the two variables. The study had also sought to determine the effect of economic factors and violent conflicts, the analysis yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.746, p < 0.05; indicating that a strong relationship existed between the two variables. The study also sought to determine the effects of environmental factors on violent conflicts. The analysis yielded Pearson correlations coefficient is (r = 0.781, p< 0.05) to indicate a strong relationship between the two variables. Social Factors proved to have the highest positive correlation with Violent Conflicts It is evident that all the independent variables could explain the levels of Violent Conflicts in the region. Conflict and human security generating factors are closely intertwined.. The prevalent conflicts and the declining environmental security in pastoral areas is a result of a combination of factors that include competition over scarce, vital natural resources. The situation is worsened by harsh climatic condition and ineffective management and utilization mechanisms. The study acknowledges the presence of a constitutional provision to guarantee a healthy environment though there were no enforcement mechanisms
Security Governance and Law Enforcement by the National Police Service in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-04) Nzai, Sunday Kahindi
Security governance draws on the principles of good governance and state law enforcement with a vital feature of good law enforcement, as a major role of the police institution. This study examined security governance practices and their influence on law enforcement by Kenya National Police in Nairobi City County. The following objectives guided the study; the impact of organizational framework, legal framework, budgetary distribution, process implementation, and public engagement on law enforcement by the National Police in Kenya. The conclusions and recommendations of the research aimed at strengthening security governance will allow the National Police Service to value and preserve human integrity and to preserve and safeguard the civil rights of all individuals as the country moves towards the fulfillment of Kenya's Vision 2030. The institutional theory of Police and legitimacy theory were examined to anchor the study. The study adopted a “cross-sectional design in nature owing to its in-depth examination of the role of government in law enforcement in Kenya. As Per the Kenya National Police Data used in the study, 548 senior police officers were used as subjects for the report. This study surveyed 226 senior police officers in Kenya, who were allocated proportionally to the eight administrative regions and formations. Data was collected using questionnaires and supplemented by interviews. The study examined the impact of various factors on law enforcement in Kenya, specifically focusing on organizational framework, legal framework, budgetary distribution, process implementation, and public engagement. Through coding, interpretation, evaluation, and synthesis of data, it was determined that these variables collectively exerted a positive influence on the effectiveness of law enforcement within the National Police Service. The findings recommended that enhancing leadership practices, establishing transparent promotion policies, and improving communication channels within the service were crucial steps for enhancing effectiveness and administration. Furthermore, the study underscored the importance of aligning internal and external regulatory structures to ensure accountability to citizens, advocating for independent operational planning and management, and prioritizing citizen participation for achieving national security goals while upholding human rights
The United Nations Civilian Initiatives in Stabilising Somalia between 2007 and 2022
(Kenyatta University, 2024-05) Mohamed, Leyla Abdi
This study examines the effectiveness of different United Nations efforts on civilian-led stabilisation in Somalia, focusing on the evolving nature of the UN Responsibility to Protect (R2P), humanitarian assistance strategies, and the participation of the local community. Using an explanatory sequential design that integrates qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of the influence of UN civilian initiatives on Somalia's stabilisation. The first objective explores the effectiveness of UN humanitarian assistance strategies, revealing their development over time and their significant impact on promoting peace and stability. Interviews and questionnaires highlight the multifaceted nature of these strategies, with overwhelmingly positive feedback from participants affirming their effectiveness, particularly in conflict prevention and community well-being. The second objective delves into the dynamic contributions of the local community, unveiling five pivotal roles they assume in the implementation of UN initiatives. Both qualitative and quantitative data underscore the indispensable nature of community engagement, bridging cultural gaps and ensuring the relevance and sustainability of interventions. Lastly, the third objective examines the local community's role in peace and stabilisation efforts, revealing profound impacts in areas such as local knowledge, conflict resolution, and communication. Participants express high satisfaction with their involvement, emphasising the vital importance of participatory approaches for sustainable peace. Overall, the study's findings underscore the transformative potential of UN initiatives and the vital contribution of the local community in achieving sustainable peace and stability in Somalia. By implementing the recommended strategies and addressing the study's limitations, stakeholders can work towards more effective and inclusive approaches to address the complex challenges in conflict-affected regions like Somalia. This study contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on the role of the UN in promoting peace, stability, and the well-being of communities in conflict-affected regions.
Forensic Document Examination and Land Fraud Investigation at the Directorate of Criminal Investigations Headquarters in Nairobi City County, Kenya.
(Kenyatta University, 2024-10) Wambugu, Susan
Many countries around the world recognize the importance of forensic document examination for detecting and mitigating fraudulent documents. As a result, they have established forensic document examination facilities. However, some countries still lack the capacity to detect and analyze fraudulent documents, particularly in relation to land fraud investigations. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of forensic document examination expertise on land fraud investigation at the Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) headquarters in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: to examine the tools used in forensic document examination to enhance land fraud investigations at the DCI headquarters; to assess the effects of forensic document examination on land fraud investigations; to identify the limitations of forensic document examination in influencing land fraud investigations; and to determine best practices for improving the impact of forensic document examination on land fraud investigations at the DCI headquarters. The study was guided by the fraud triangle theory and the routine activity theory. A case study research design was employed, using purposive sampling to identify suitable respondents and simple random sampling to select specific participants. A sample size of 64% of the target population was used. Data were collected through questionnaires and interview schedules from the selected respondents. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages and frequencies. Quantitative data were presented using frequency distribution tables and percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Both qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated to provide comprehensive insights into the key findings. The study's findings revealed that, magnifiers and microscopes, comparison devices, Ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) lamp and electrostatic detection apparatus were the most used tools. From qualitative data the participants narrated that, the forensic document examinations increased confidence by both the victims and suspects in the land fraud investigation by the Police Service, speeded and fast-tracked land fraud investigation by the Police helped to increase the budget for procurement and adequate servicing of forensic tools for fraud investigation by the police service. However, despite valuable contributions forensic document examinations was limited in several ways that, include, corruption and malpractices may affect the results of evidence, emerging and evolving technologies used in document frauds, not adequate tools for use due to low government budget allocation and lastly, issues surrounding subjective interpretation. In relation to best practices, the study found well-equipped labs with serviceable equipment, adequate training and development for the forensic document examiners, accreditation by professional bodies and lastly, improved working conditions of the forensic document examiners. The study concluded, that forensic document examination is not driven by profit, it plays a crucial role in strengthening the government's ability to ensure document security and protect citizens' assets. Based on the findings, the study, recommended the department should be well funded by the government and other stakeholders so that it can be able to sustain and achieve its best practices.
Assessment of Rehabilitation Programs and Reformation of Inmates at Kamiti Maximum Security Prison, Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-10) Alila, Thomas Wasonga
Rehabilitation is the process of retraining inmates to get into gainful activities that will deter them from crime in future. The number of individuals detained globally, and the global incarceration rate continues to rise across all geographical areas raising questions about the effectiveness of rehabilitation among prisoners. Despite ongoing rehabilitation in Kenyan Prisons and the Government’s effort toward rehabilitating offenders, the reoffending rate keeps increasing. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to find out whether rehabilitation programs in prison facilities rehabilitate offenders and, if not, why and what needs to be done to ensure adequate rehabilitation of offenders in Kenya. The following research objectives guided the study; to analyze the types of rehabilitation programs; examine the challenges facing rehabilitation programs; and finally establish possible solutions to the challenges facing rehabilitation programs in Kenya. Guided by rehabilitation theory, the study employed a descriptive survey research design, which helped to describe and portray the characteristics of inmates. Moreover, it employed both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Cluster sampling was used to determine the sample size with the target population of study being the inmates from Kamiti Maximum Prison, Nairobi City, Kenya. Data was analyzed quantitatively through frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) tool, and the findings were presented through tables, charts and graphs. The study identified rehabilitation programs for prisoners' reformatory discipline, including education programs, religious studies, and carpentry among several others. The study established that despite exposure to these reformatory programs, recidivism rates in Kenya remained high due to a range of factors, including mental and emotional trauma, societal discrimination, poor health, and overcrowding. The study makes several recommendations, including establishing aftercare committees to consider programs that review of long-term sentences to release rehabilitated inmates from prison. The study also recommends for the constitution of a team of career development officers who will develop better training policies for inmates and prison officers, introduce an effective payment system for technical jobs in prison, develop a strategy to stop the infiltration of drugs into prison, equip the prison programs with updated technologies in the actual job market, invest in facilities that ease congestion and improve health care offered in prison and recommend reviewed salary for prison officers. The study recommends that future studies should not primarily focus on rehabilitation of male inmates alone but female inmates too. By comparing data between male and female rehabilitation programs, policy makers can identify ways of increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. Understanding the future impact of the crime will facilitate the transformation of the criminal justice system and disrupt the persisting trends of crime.
Diplomatic Trends Between Kenya and South Korea Relations, 1964-2016
(Kenyatta University, 2024-07) Otieno, Willingtone Ouma
The emergence of new international economic giants such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea, has impelled Kenya to reframe her diplomatic connections on the global arena. Since 2016, there has been a bid to reestablish Kenya-South Korea diplomatic relations in order to increase cooperation and collaboration between the two countries. It is noted that irrespective of the fact that the two nations signed diplomatic relations in 1964, the relations are yet to be fully realized. The study examines how Kenya’s relations with South Korea was like in the Jomo Kenyatta era, 1963 – 1978. It interrogates dynamics of Kenya’s diplomatic relations with South Korea in the Moi era, 1978 -2002 and further examines how Kenya-South Korea diplomatic relations progressed in the Mwai Kibaki and Uhuru Kenyatta eras, 2003 – 2016. The study employed the realism theory which assumes that the notion of national interest is all about desire for power, and that power is the essential compass that guides political realism through the complex terrain of international relations. It also made reference to the international regime theory which is a collection of common expectations; norms and principles; plans; and financial and organizational commitments that a number of countries agreed to. The study adopted descriptive and explorative research designs. The main primary sources of data were interviews, archival data from the Kenya National Archives and the Kenya foreign policy documents. Secondary data was generated through critical textual analysis of books, published reports, magazines, dissertations and journals. The findings revealed that Kenya’s desire to position herself on the global stage for economic growth, prestige and reputation; Korean Question and; USA global influence defined Kenya-South Korea diplomatic relations from 1964-1978. Also, findings indicated that Kenya’s diplomatic trend was cautious while South Korea adopted a more radical revolutionary ideology prioritizing economic growth (self-reliance) and modernization. Further, the study indicated that the Moi era was characterized by high-level visits which saw President Chu Doo-Hwan of South Korea visiting Kenya and later in 1991, president Moi visited South Korea. Findings of this research provide helpful information on how the relations between the two countries has been since 1964 to 2016 and maybe useful for the formulation of better foreign policies for use by both the two countries in upscaling their influence across the globe. Additionally, the study is important in the sense that it adds to the body of knowledge for the academicians, and may acts as a guide for researchers and policymakers

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