Refugees and National Security in Kenya: Case of Dadaab Refugee Camp, Garissa County (1992-2022)
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Date
2025-04
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Kenyatta University
Abstract
The influx of refugees into Kenya's Dadaab camp poses significant concerns to Kenya’s national security. The study objectives included examining the demographic characteristics of the refugees in the Dadaab camp in relation to national security challenges in Kenya, investigating the intricate factors within Dadaab camp that influence on national security in Kenya and recommending on evidence-based strategies to manage the Dadaab refugee situation for enhanced national security. Literature presented a robust theoretical underpinning and methodological framework for examining the impact of the Dadaab refugee camp on Kenya's national security. The strengths lay in the theoretical framework incorporating security threat and social identity theories, thorough empirical review covering various relevant topics, well-defined conceptual framework illustrating variable relationships, and clear identification of research gaps. Areas for further refinement included delving deeper into the explanation of the theoretical framework to elaborate on specific propositions and their application to the Dadaab case study, explicitly connecting findings from the empirical review to research questions and hypotheses, and briefly mentioning the operationalization of key variables to enhance readers' understanding of research methods. These refinements strengthen the theoretical foundation and methodological clarity of the study, contributing to a more robust analysis of the Dadaab refugee camp's impact on national security in Kenya. The research design for the study was descriptive survey research design. This design aids in the understanding of the dynamics surrounding the influx of refugees and its implications for national security within the context of the Dadaab Refugee Camp. The study had a target population of 841,353 with a sample size of n=399. By employing structured questionnaires, semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), the research captured diverse perspectives from refugees, host community members, and key stakeholders. The study's multi-method approach ensured the robustness of findings and contributes to a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted dynamics surrounding the Dadaab refugee camp for enhancing national security. The study examined the impact of Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya's largest, on national security and highlighted security challenges including Al-Shabaab activity, clan violence, and potential for radicalization due to harsh living conditions. The study went beyond security perception to explore social, economic, and political factors that influence security within the camp. Widespread economic hardship and competition for resources were identified as key areas of concern. The study established that the precarious situation in Dadaab, including overcrowding and lack of basic services, creates a breeding ground for insecurity and threats to national security. Proposed solutions focus on improving refugee well-being and self-reliance through livelihood programs, infrastructure upgrades, and education. Collaboration between refugees, aid groups, and the Kenyan government is emphasized. The study concludes that managing the Dadaab situation requires a multifaceted approach that balances security with promoting human dignity. Sustainable solutions involve improving living conditions, fostering self-reliance, and working towards long-term options like repatriation or resettlement.
Description
A Project Report Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Award Of The Degree Of Master Of Arts In Peace And Conflict Management In The School Of Law, Arts And Social Sciences Of Kenyatta University, April, 2025
Supervisor:
1.Linnet Hamasi Henry