RP-Department of Public Policy and Administration

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2520-0461
(AJPO, 2018) Jumanne, Andrew Shangarai; Njoroge, Jane
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of structural change management on employee performance in the Parliamentary Service Commission (PARLSCOM) and it was undertaken through descriptive research design. Methodology: The study targeted all the nine hundred and fourteen employees of PARLSCOM. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select a sample of ninety one participants from the target population. Self-administered questionnaire and interview guides were used to collect primary. Secondary data was obtained from PARLSCOM’s annual reports, government publications and earlier research. Reliability of the instruments was tested using Cronbach’s alpha reliability. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Multiple linear regression analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2013 Analysis ToolPak and output used to test study hypotheses. Results: The results indicated that structural change management had a positive significant effect on performance of employees in PARLSCOM. Unique contribution to the theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that structural change management is a critical factor in increasing employee performance, therefore HR managers should ensure clarity and stability in the organization’s structure during change management in order to enhance employee performance. Finally, the study recommends further research be done by replicating the same study in other organizations and also using other independent variables other than the ones used in this study.
Accountability practice in Kenya’s public service lessons to guide service improvement author's bio data
(European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org), 2015-02-25) Minja, David
Although accountability is widely believed to be a good thing, the concept is highly abstract and it is often used in a very general way. Accountability is one of those words more often used than understood. A typical definition is that accountability concerns the processes by which those who exercise power whether as governments, as elected representatives or as appointed Officials, must be able to show that they have exercised their powers and discharged their duties properly. Theory and practice suggest that accountability practice in public sector is weak due to several reasons as shall be explored further in this study. While much of the accountability research work has focused on financial management accountability practice, little has been done on non-financial issues of accountability practice. Public sector reforms and increased democratic space have given rise to greater demand for enhanced accountability practice in public service more than ever before. This study therefore sought to establish the extent to which the whole range of accountability practices was evident in Kenya’s public sector. The study revealed that the current practice is one that promotes accounting for resources spent more than promoting accountability. It was further noted that public servants were more accountable to their seniors, the heads of departments and ultimately the president and his Cabinet than they were to the public which has put the government in place. Several lessons were learnt from this study which will be used to provide insight into the practice of accountability in public sector.
Administration of county government bursary fund and retention of secondary schools’ students in Kwale County, Kenya
(iajournals, 2025-06-20) Ngando, Hussein Leli; Muna,Wilson
Government intervention in provision of education is a common phenomenon and developing countries are bracing up to take the challenge. Expanding secondary education through progressive universalism should therefore be central priority especially Sub-Saharan African countries. In Kenya, both central and county governments have committed resources, mainly through provision of bursaries and scholarships to address the perennial inequality in educational opportunities. The County government of Kwale allocates Ksh. 400 Million every financial year for bursaries and scholarships. The purpose of the fund is to accord every school age child in Kwale County an equal opportunity to pursue their academic dreams. The fund is however, equally distributed among the 20 wards in the county yet population per ward varies significantly. The net effect of this is that very needy cases in the wards with many bursary applicants either get very little allocations or are left unattended. Studies on bursaries have highlighted inequitable allocation as a serious concern that renders such programs inefficient. Besides, the fund's administrative systems are plagued with inefficiencies including inadequacy of funds and late disbursement to schools. That being so, the previous bursary studies have mainly focused on CDF bursary schemes at the oblivion of county government bursary programs. This study’s purpose involves evaluating the magnitude to which the administration of the Kwale county bursary has enhanced retention in secondary school. Specifically, the research is directed by the objectives as follows: to analyzing the distribution of bursary fund among the 20 wards and its effect on retention, time of releasing the funds to school, adequacy of bursary funds and the criteria used in allocation and their net effect on retention of secondary school students in Matuga sub-county, Kwale. The study employed descriptive research design. The targeted population is 5,988 (form 3 & 4) students in public secondary schools in Matuga Sub-County, 29 principals, 5 ward administrators, and the CBC chairperson. The research adopts Krejcie & Morgan to samples 357 students, stratified sampling to sample 9 principals and total sampling for both ward administrators and the CBC. Questionnaires were used for students while personal interviews employed for the principals, CBC chairperson and ward administrators. Pretest was conducted in two schools in Msambweni Sub-County; Dr. Babla Diani and Bongwe secondary schools to reassure the accuracy and consistency of the research tools. The data collected was explored through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Further, descriptive statistical analytical tools like percentages and frequencies was used in presentation of quantitative data obtained. Ultimately, qualitative data was examined through thematic analysis and conveyed in a narrative format. The outcomes provided clear equity concerns among the study participants. Bursaries are also not released on time prompting the need to synchronize the program with the school calendar. The bursary allocations are also insufficient to effectively cushion the intended members. International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities | Volume 1, Issue 5, pp. 314-336 317 | P a g e Reluctance in adhering to the allocation criteria was also observed which curtails efficiency. The researcher recommends for a comprehensive review of the fund distribution formula that takes into account the population size per ward. Synchronize the program with the academic calendar to avoid delays in the release of the funds as well as increasing the bursary amount to better address the financial requirements of students and alleviate fee problems to enhance the retention rate
Administration of Legal Issues in African Development for Global Sustainability
(East African Nature & Science Organization, 2020) Moi, Edna; Minja, David; Makhamara, Felistus
Despite the evolution of legal systems in Africa, its development cannot be realized without the adoption of global practices relevant to the 21st-century complexities. Using data from Kenya, the objective of this paper was to determine people's awareness of legal issues, innovation tools for harnessing research data, and innovations for sustainability. This paper gives a brief history of government systems in various African countries which existed before colonization and further recommends mechanisms for promoting citizens’ legal rights. The paper highlights the administration of legal rights in Kenya citing new innovative tools for general development. It recommends ways that could be embraced for promoting development; the technology system, the rule of law, constitutionalism, democracy and stakeholders' support. The paper concludes that the majority of Kenyan citizens need legal awareness. The possible outcome of the process remains uncertain and open to further stakeholders' inputs. The paper finally recommends the increasing involvement of every stakeholder which is expected to increase the rate of Africa's development for global sustainability.
Administrative Structures and Implementation of the Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Lamu West Sub-County, Kenya
(EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and BooksPublishers, 2021) Ikuwa, Jackline Muthoni; Muna, Wilson
Kenya has had an increasing number of vulnerable and orphaned children; the population of children is projected to be 19 million with about 3.5 million being orphaned and vulnerable children. The study objective was to explore how administrative structures affect the implementation of the Cash Transfer for Orphans and vulnerable children in Lamu West subCounty. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. Lamu West has 1063 enrolled beneficiaries and the researcher assessed a sample population of 100 beneficiaries through the use of questionnaires and 10 administrative units was interviewed. The data collected from the interview schedule was assessed using thematic analysis while data from the questionnaires were analysed using descriptive and correlation analysis. The study findings were the lack of adequate funding and sensitisation of the program goals and structures among the beneficiaries and administrators in addition to the growing need for decentralisation of the program to enable faster response to changes targeting the households. From the study findings, the researcher was able to make the following recommendations; the need for increased sensitisation for the various committees concerned with the management of the program would aid in ensuring recruitment, enrolment, and overall supervision of the program is done efficiently. There is also a need to adequately fund the management of the program to ensure its overall coordination.
Administrators’ Management Skills and Implementation of Strategic Planning in Public Secondary Schools in Muranga County, Kenya
(RJSSH, 2023-10) Symon Kimaru, Maina; Njoroge, Jane
This research assessed administrators’ skills and their effect on execution of strategic planning in secondary institutions in Murang’a County, Murang’a South Sub County, Kenya. The study assumed the strategic planning theory and synoptic model and adopted a descriptive research design. Targeted population was 205 respondents with 41 interviewees from each strata of principals, deputy principals, department heads, BOMs’, and Parents Associations’ where a sample size of 135 interviewee was appraised through Yamane’s formula. Consequently, for avoidance of any favoritism, simple random sampling was used to select 27 public secondary schools. Qualitative data was collected through questionnaires while structured interviews collected qualitative information. Research instruments were put to test among 15 respondents which was above the recommended 10% of the sample to attest the authenticity and validity. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the consistency across time and a reliable index of r>0.7 was obtained. The data analysis identified shared arguments from the participator experiences. Descriptive statistics; mean, frequency, and standard deviation was used to quantify data and emphasis was placed on degree of agreement among study variables. The coded data was examined by statistical central tendency measures and disparity measured through standard deviation and finally end results recorded in frequency tables, pie charts and bar graph. Multi-regression model was used in testing the degree of correlation and influence between dependent and independent variables using the SPSS software. Resource mobilization skills revealed a positive and significant effect on implementation of strategic planning with β1 =0.224, p= 0.020, which was <0.05. While stakeholder’s involvement skills, had a negative and insignificant influence on implementation of strategic planning with β2 = -0.037, p= 0.629, which was >0.05. However, monitoring and evaluation skills had both positive and significant effect on implementation of strategic planning with β3 =0.249, p= 0.12, which was >0.05. The level of satisfaction on internal efficiency and realization of the curriculum objective was highly achieved. On administrators’ resource mobilization skills, the study recommended engagement in alternative resource mobilization activities to the satisfaction of internal efficiency on implementing strategic planning. On administrators’ stakeholder engagement skills, the study recommended reviewing and understanding the value of stakeholders and involves them in implementing strategic planning. On administrators’ monitoring and evaluation skills, the study recommended effective monitoring and evaluation of projects on their sustainability and acquiring more skills and use of expertise on implementation of strategic planning.
Affirmative Action and Gender Mainstreaming in Kajiado County, Kenya
(IOSR-JHSS, 2024-02) Tuguro, Gekura; Ng’eno, Weldon
Gender mainstreaming focuses on gender equality by emphasising that women's and men's problems, interests and viewpoints are considered during policymaking. This study examined how affirmative action challenged the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the county government of Kajiado in Kenya. The survey was anchored on the feminist theory and social role theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design targeting 1,500 employees of the county government of Kajiado spread out in various departments. A stratified random sampling procedure was utilised to select a sample of 150 participants. A questionnaire was employed to gather primary information. The collected data was analysed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics that led to linear regression modelling. Qualitative analysis involved thematic narration for the open-ended questions in the research tool. Data results were presented using frequency tables, percentages and a regression model. The study found that affirmative action significantly influenced the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the county government of Kajiado. Affirmative action exhibited a positive influence on the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the county government of Kajiado. This study recommends an enhancement of affirmative action in Kajiado County to promote gender mainstreaming in the county.
Alcohol Control Policy and Regulation of Underage Drinking, a Case Study of Nyandarua County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-05) Kamau, Peter Mundia; Muna, Wilson
Despite county governments having the ultimate authority in regulating the alcohol trade and enacting new laws, alcohol remains a significant issue in Kenya. This study aims to explore how the implementation of alcohol control policies impacts underage drinking in Nyandarua County. The objectives include examining the effects of licensing regulations, and enforcement regulations on underage drinking in the county. The findings of this study will benefit the alcohol regulation board in Nyandarua County and the government of Kenya by providing valuable insights into alcohol trade regulation especially against underage drinking. The study was premised on two theories namely New Public Management and Social Exchange theories all relating to the three proxy independent variables. The research employed a descriptive research design focusing on Kinangop sub-county as the target population which has the highest number of liquor premises in Nyandarua County at 427 according to data from the department of social services. A representative sample population of 120 respondents was selected using a blend of simple random sampling on bar attendants as per Taros formula (1967) and purposeful sampling targeting government officials. Data was collected through validated semi structured questionnaires and interview guides, with both quantitative and qualitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics, content/thematic analysis and SPSS. The data has been presented using central tendency measures, measures of dispersion and bar charts. The research revealed that there somewhat enforcement of licensing requirement in the area. The study observed that there is adherence of 300m rule for liquor business from school, the branding of alcoholic drinking is checked, there is also revocation and denial of licenses for business violating licensing requirements and lastly, there is audits and compliance checks in the region. However, the study observed that there is huge gap in stakeholder’s engagement in licensing and enforcement processes. The study observed that majority of the respondents recognize corruption as major factor which is hindering the effectiveness of licensing and enforcement polices in Nyandarua County. The fight against corruption should be intensified in order to ensure effectiveness of the policies while stringent penalties should be adopted for any non-compliance with regulation and lastly, the government should greatly engage various stakeholders such as parent, community and religious leader in order to collectively address this issue of underage drinking in Nyandarua County.
An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Service Delivery in Kenya Railways
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-07) Munyaka,Ruth W.; Njoroge, Jane
Public trust in businesses has been shattered by the collapse of once-highflying enterprises, which affected tens of thousands of workers and investors and generated numerous concerns about corporate practices and trustworthiness. This study1therefore investigated the efficacy of corporate affairs function on service delivery of organizations: A case of1Kenya Railways. The study objective1was to examine the influence of corporate1social responsibility1on the service delivery by Kenya Railways, The study1was based on stakeholder1theory and relational and agency theories. A1descriptive research design1was1adopted. The1population targeted in this study was 324 respondents including staff at the corporate affairs division of Kenya Railways Corporation and premium clients. The sample1size was 286 respondents. Stratified and1simple random sampling1was used. A questionnaire was the main instrument. A pilot1study was conducted1to assess the validity and reliability of the research instruments. Both qualitative and quantitative data were1collected for1this study, and both approaches to data1analysis were employed. The quantitative1data was analyzed1using descriptive1statistics, such as1frequencies, percentages, means, and1standard deviations, utilizing SPSS (Version 27.0). Inferential statistics were also performed through regression modeling. The findings from the quantitative analysis were1presented primarily in tables. On1the other hand, the1qualitative data was evaluated using content analysis, aiming to identify recurring themes that align with the study’s objectives. These themes provided1a deeper1understanding of the qualitative data collected. The study1findings indicated that1there was a statistically1significant positive correlation1between corporate social responsibility on service delivery of KRC (r=10.411; p1<0.05) The study1concluded incorporating CSR principles into service delivery processes can also help mitigate certain risks associated with social or environmental issues and effectively handling crises can mitigate the negative impacts on both the organization’s reputation and its financial performance. The study recommended that KRC prioritize a holistic approach to organizational management that integrates corporate social1responsibility (CSR) management1into its service delivery processes.
An Evaluation of Resource Allocation in Strategic Plan implementation in Kenya Law Reform Commission
(IOSR Journal Of Humanities and Social Science, 2025-09) Matheri, Alex; Njoroge, Jane
Strategic plans are essential tools for guiding public institutions toward achieving their mandates and contributing to national development agendas such as Kenya’s Vision 2030. However, the success of these plans largely depends on the availability and alignment of resources during implementation. The Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC), mandated to review, revise, and reform laws, has developed several strategic plans to enhance service delivery and institutional performance. Despite these efforts, concerns remain regarding whether financial, human, and infrastructural resources are adequately aligned with strategic priorities to ensure effective execution. This study therefore set out to evaluate the effect of resource allocation on the implementation of strategic plans at KLRC. The study employed a descriptive research design, targeting 100 employees across six departments of the Commission. A stratified random sample of 52 respondents was drawn, and primary data were collected through structured questionnaires consisting of both closed-and open-ended items. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics—frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations—together with inferential analysis through linear regression in SPSS version 23 to establish the relationship between resource allocation and strategic plan implementation. The findings revealed that while respondents recognized the centrality of adequate resources for successful implementation, most expressed the view that KLRC’s resources were insufficient and not well aligned with its strategic objectives. The results of the regression analysis showed a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between resource allocation and strategic plan implementation (β = 0.060, p > 0.05). This implies that although resource allocation plays a role in shaping outcomes, other organizational and contextual factors also significantly influence the effectiveness of implementation. The study concludes that inadequate and poorly aligned resources present a major challenge to strategic plan implementation at KLRC. It recommends the development of a comprehensive resource allocation policy to ensure equitable, transparent, and strategically focused distribution of financial and non-financial resources. Such measures would strengthen the Commission’s capacity to execute its strategic initiatives and deliver on its mandate effectively.
Analysing the Challenges Faced By Beach Management Units in Managing Fisheries Stock in Mombasa County, Kenya
(International Academic Journals, 2020) Menza, Sebastian Juma; Mange, Daniel
Fisheries Management approaches continued being managed by centralized government as intervention for some time after independence in countries in Africa. Later the approach proved inadequate to deal with the emerging issues in the management of fisheries stock. Partnerships known as comanagement, now practiced in East Africa including Kenya, involve Beach Management Units (BMUs) in fisheries management. In Kenya co-management of fisheries with BMUs began in 2007 with hope that they will help the Department of Fisheries better manage fisheries stock. However, fisheries management still remains a challenge to the central government. This study aimed to determine the challenges faced by beach management units in managing fisheries stock in Mombasa County. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to determine the roles performed by BMUs in managing fisheries stocks, to examine the challenges facing BMUs in managing fisheries stocks and to explore measures to improve the BMUs performance in managing fisheries stocks. The study adopted descriptive research design with target population consisting of 14 BMUs with 2800 members and 7 institutions working with fisher community. Three hundred (300) respondents who were BMU members were sampled through simple random sampling. Data was collected by use of questionnaires which were pre-tested to ascertain their validity and consistency before they were used. The study found that all the BMUs exist as legal entities, having been registered by the Fisheries Department with majority having democratically elected officials with Executive Committee composed of required stakeholders’ representation. Lack of commitment among the BMU assembly in playing their stipulated roles as well as lack of co-operation among the executive committee members was reported to be major reasons for dismal performance of BMUs in co-management. Majority of BMUs source funds from international and local donors as a strategy to enable them play their comanagement roles such as patrolling the shores to nab illegal fishing gears. The study concludes that although majority of BMUs in Mombasa County are compliant with BMU regulations with regard to management functions and playing their intended roles effectively, this is not reflected in the recovery of fish stocks as intended and recommends institutions to channel more resources towards enhancing the capacities of BMUs to sustainably utilize fisheries stocks.
Analysis of Budget Planning and Performance of Technical and Vocational Education Training Institutions (TVETIS) in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Somba, Sophia; Njoroge, Jane
PerformingPublicTechnicalandVocationalEducationTrainingInstitutions(TVETIs)area boon to society as they impart hands on skills through which individuals can contribute to personal andnationaldevelopmentindiverseway.ForalongtimeperformanceamongthesepublicinstitutionsisfarfromwhatisexpectedamidstquestionsraisedontheireffectivenessincontributingtowardsKenya’s development through skilled labour. To deliver on their mandates, public TVETIs are required to implement practices that ensure that resources are efficiently and effectively utilised. Towards this end, this study sought to analyse the effects of budget planning on the performance of TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The theory guiding the investigation was the economictheoryofbudgeting.Adescriptivedesignwasappliedtomeetthestudyobjectives,whichentailed the collection of primary data using questionnaires from a population of 41 public TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. Reliability and validity of the data collection instrument were done through the Cronbach Alpha tests and content validity assessments. The data was analyzed through descriptive and regression analysis and the results were presented in Tables and Figures. The study’s descriptive findings indicated that budget planning was moderately implemented in public TVETIs in Kiambu County. The results indicated that budget planning had a positive and significant effect on the performance of TVETI institutions. The study recommendedbudgetplanningthattheministryofEducationshouldincreasethebudgetfortheTVETIStocreateimpacton the results of the courses trained to a learners. Furthermore, it was recommended that similar tertiary institutions in other Counties also implement regular budget reviews to ensure theirmonitoringsystemsarereliableandtransparentsothattheymayattainpositiveperformances.Thestudy also recommended that personnel allocated duties related to budgetary practices in public TVETIs seek to adhere to legislative and best practices guidelines. Future studies should be done to investigate the implementation of budgeting practices in both public and private TVETIs inother Counties in Kenya.
An Analysis of How Politics Stream Affects the Implementation of Road Safety Policy Measures in Nyanza Region, Kenya
(Reviewed Journals International, 2023) Siambe, Omweri Fred; Muna, Wilson; Njoroge, Jane
A large number of road safety policies has been formulated and attempted to be implemented in Kenya to try and reduce road fatality and injury but still the high rates of traffic morbidities appear to be on the raise in Nyanza region. Due to the concerns the study of analyzing how politics streams affect implementation of road safety policy measures in Nyanza region in Kenya implementation was conducted to look for solutions. The study was backed with Multiple Streams Framework and Punctuated Equilibrium Model. The research used a descriptive survey and explanatory design with pragmatic research philosophy point of view while embracing mixed research approaches. The study utilized census, simple random sampling, and stratified random sampling, purposive sampling, and systematic random sampling techniques in drawing a representative sample. The sample size of the study was 347 of target population. The study interviewed 6 traffic base commanders, 2 county Matatu Owners’ Association and 2 NTSA county directors. The study also employed both participatory and non-participatory observation to collect supplementary data. The reliability of the study instrument was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, while the validity was assessed using factor analysis and expert opinion. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Quantitative data was examined by means of simple regression approaches. Based on the derivatives from the objectives, theme analysis was used to assess qualitative data. The study then presented quantitative data using tables and figures, while qualitative data was reported in continuous prose. The findings established that the problem Streams Framework influenced the implementation of motorway safety policy measures among matatu operators to a moderate extent. The study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the problem Streams Framework and implementation of road safety policies. The study establishes that the government agencies need to digitalize data on road accidents and recommends a collaborative approach between government agencies responsible for the implementation of road safety policy measures. This study concluded that problem Streams affects the implementation of road safety policy measures, and so there is need for all policy actors to take into account all streams whenever they intend to initiate the enactment of road safety measures.
An Analysis of How the Pricing Instrument Policies Affect the Performance of Transport Services in Nairobi Metropolitan
(JIBM, 2023) Gathungu, Cynthia Mugure; Njoroge, Jane
Transport services contribution to the Kenyan economy is widely acknowledged, they cut across all sectors of the economy and provide many employment opportunities and generate widespread economic benefits. Considering the immense contribution of transport in economic growth, a reduction in transport cost is expected to spur economic growth and create a favorable business environment for Small and Medium enterprises. This study investigated how the Pricing instrument policies affect the performance of transport services in Nairobi Metropolitan. 384 participants ware sampled and 260 responded amounting to 67.7 percent response rate. Descriptive correlational study design was applied. Multiple regression model showed that there was a significant relationship between performance of the transport services sector and the policies implemented by the city management where multiple determinations coefficient of 0.056 displayed that infrastructure investment policies, price instrument policies and license procedures policies independent variables lead to 56 percent in performance of transport services in Nairobi Metropolitan Services. These findings support the fact that policy development and implementation in the transport sector affect the business organizations operating in the sector. Therefore, policy formulation or development, changes to the transport sector can only be realized when the policies are implemented appropriately. Therefore, this study recommended and encouraged effective policy implementation in the NMS and ensure that transportation services policies are implemented appropriately to make huge difference in the transport business sector. However, more research is needed using different methodological approaches to quantify the impacts of policies in the sector on growth and development. Other studies can examine how these policies affected other organizational outcomes, such as customer satisfaction and stakeholder wealth maximization to improve the quality of services offered in the transport sector.
Analysis of Influence of Policy Formulation on Security Service Delivery in National Police Service, Kenya
(2021) Njoroge, Jane; Minja, David
Insecurity has been on the increase in the recent past and has become the main cause of loss of property and lives around the world. This has had distressing effects on families in monetary terms, emotionally through trauma and grief and the distraction of lives dependents lives. Numerous policies have been set to ensure effectiveness and efficiency in security services delivered by the National police service. However, despite these policy strategies and effort, security service delivered by NPS in Kenya remains a challenge. The terrain in statistics, reports, and empirical studies indicate that there is a persistent trend that citizens continue to lose their lives and properties daily due to poor security services provided by NPS. Policy formulation has been cited as one of key effects on Security services provided by National police service. Policy formulation in NPS has not been effective based on a persistently severe public pain, attracting government attention. In Kenya several Policies have been developed permitting the creation and direction of police institutions to accomplish peace and security. Despite the many security initiatives, the actual security service by National Police service (NPS) has been diminishing, which is a clear manifestation of the existence of deficient Policy formulation in the NPS. The concern is why poor security services in a country with elaborate policy frameworks. This study determined the influence of policy formulation on security service delivery by the National Police Service in Kenya. Study results indicate that ppolicy formulation was significantly influencing NPS's quality of security services. Evidence of an inverse association between Policy formulation and the quality of security services delivered by NPS was evident. Further, policy formulation had not been a participatory activity, and the current security policies had not been implemented effectively.
Analysis of Social Inclusion on the Livelihood of Special Interest Groups in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2025-07) Kiluti, Priscillar Mutethya; Njoroge, Jane Gakenia
The study investigated the impact of social inclusion on the livelihoods of special interest groups (SIGs) orphaned and vulnerable children (OVCs), the elderly (aged 70 and above) and persons with severe disabilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Utilizing a quantitative crosssectional design, data was collected from 384 respondents across 15 sub-counties of Kiambu County of Kenya using stratified random sampling and structured questionnaires, analyzed via IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23). The findings reveal that cash transfer programs (CTPs) significantly enhance social inclusion by increasing community participation (83.9% of respondents), reducing stigma and improving access to communication tools, thus fostering social cohesion. CTPs also improve financial stability, reducing poverty for 76.5% of participants by enabling investments in small businesses and enhancing access to essential services like healthcare and education. However, challenges such as inconsistent disbursements and perceived inequities in fund allocation limit full social integration, necessitating complementary community engagement initiatives and skills training to maximize long-term livelihood improvements.
Analysis of the Implementation of Devolved Health Infrastructure Projects in Kenya
(International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2019) Njiru, Fridah; Muna, Wilson
Fiscal transfers to finance health infrastructure projects in Embu County of Kenya runs into billions of shillings since health was declared a devolved function under 2010 constitution. Yet, despite such bold investments, and in a bid to reform delivery of the health care system, its infrastructure remains ineffective, inefficient and inadequate. This study sought to analyse the extent to which key factors, such as (1)health policies, (2) funds allocation, (3) human resource capacity and (4) governance structures, determines the implementation of devolved health infrastructure projects in Embu County. The study was guided by Nutt’s theory of project implementation as well as Goldratt’stheory of constraints. A total of 553 medical staff of level4 and 5 hospitals and the health administration staff were targeted, and a sample of 56 respondents were sampled. The study adopted a descriptive case study research design. A semi-structured questionnaire, with both open and closed-ended questions was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics which include; percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, and regression, while qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Authorization to conduct the field study was sought from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation. Results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents were not conversant with health policies governing the development of health infrastructural projects. A disconnect was also noted between the funds allocated and the number, size, design, and quality of health projects established. Although majority of administrators in this sector were found to be adequately trained, gaps were identified in the area of training, particularly in relation to the installation, operation, and maintenance of new infrastructure and technologies. Governance structures were found to be rigid, old fashioned and lacked a clear chain of command, which constrained the performance of key decision makers.
Analysis of the Influence of Checks and Balances on Security Service Delivery in National Police Service, Kenya
(The International Journal of Business and Management, 2021) Kimolo, Benjamin Kaviku; Jane Njoroge, Jane; Minja, David
Security is vital for the holistic development of the human person. Insecurity hinders socio-economic-religio-political growth in different ways. These include threats to physical security, the absence of safe living environments, dangers that prevent people from achieving sustainable livelihoods, and the impact upon health and education services. As one of the main providers of security, the National police service plays a pivotal role in creating the conditions for safety of property and human being. However, all too often the National Police Service in Kenya has over the years accused of ineffectiveness. This ineffectiveness has been hungered on failure to have efficient checks and balances in the NPS. Empirical studies indicate that, despite regulating bodies providing checks and balances in National police service, little significance has been realized. Checks and balances serve several functions, especially preventing one government entity/department from consolidating extreme power, afford better policies through deliberation and precludes one government branch from going out of its constitutional mandate. In a diffuse system, checks and balances play a critical role in determining the locus of accountability and allocating power between central government organs. Previous studies haven’t shade light on checks and balances enshrined in the constitutional structures for a structural association of the independent institutions. Therefore, this research sought to determine the effects of checks and balances on security services delivery by National Police Service (NPS) in Kenya. Results indicate that, checks and balances significantly influence the quality of security services delivered by NPS. However, it had a positive influence in terms of regulatory structures currently in place and oversight being carried out objectively. IPOA was not effective in its oversight responsibilities as per IPOA Act 2011 (Revised 2012) and IPOA strategic plan 2014. Thus, targeted efforts should be channelled towards re-vitalizing the spirit, mission, mandate and objectives of IPOA, community policing, NPSC and AIU as a crucial agency for police/civilian rights promotion and advocacy.
Analysis of the Structural Determinants of Funding Allocation Implementation in the Kenyan Judiciary
(Centre for Enhancing Knowledge (CEK), 2019-11) Njoroge, Jane; Ruto, Shadrack Kipchumba
Financial resources allocation is key to achieving judicial independence and enhancing the rule of law in any country. The significance is that in the democratic system, judges and the judicial system entirely are autonomous from any outside control and unnecessary direction coming from the other self-governing systems, such as financial institutions .Necessary conditions for operations of the court system include being able to mobilize required finances to certain its operations. Sufficient judicial financial resource allocation, which depends upon clear focus and non-malicious criteria, makes the court system less susceptible toward undue provision of direction on how to operate. This study sought to analyze the important factors in judicial autonomy such as Annual financial plan, Judicial structure and Judicial work load on funding allocation implementation in the Kenyan Judiciary. The study was guided by Resource Based Theory (RBV) as well as Theory of Change Model. A total of 67 respondents including: staff, clerical Officers, litigants, advocates and police officers were targeted and sample of 59 respondents were sampled. The study adopted a descriptive case study research design. A semi-structured questionnaire, with both open and closed-ended questions was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics which include; percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation, and regression, while qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Authorization to conduct the field study was sought from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation. Results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents were aware of financial plan being used by the judiciary to plan for its expenditure.
Anti-Corruption Policy Measure and Its Effect on Service Delivery in Trans-Nzoia County Government, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities (IAJAH), 2025-06) Wasike, Janet Nabwire; Mbirithi, Daniel Mange
The research focused on exploring the influence that anti-corruption policy measures have on service delivery within the County Government of Trans-Nzoia, Kenya. The study focused on the extent to which citizen participation and transparency would impact both the efficiency and quality of public services. While borrowing and anchoring the research on institutional theory and the descriptive research design, the study significantly targeted senior staff, selected citizens and departmental heads in charge of county services. Data collection was attained with the help of interviews and questionnaires. The research realized a high response rate that reflected reliable representation of the study population. Notably, with mixed methods, the research process realized collection of both numeric and descriptive data. Numeric data was analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics as thematic analysis would be applied to descriptive data. The findings showed that transparency mechanisms inclined towards budgeting and public disclosure of the entire procurement process carry a positive impact on service delivery. At the same time, accountability measures such as audits and performance contracts largely enhance efficiency. However, the county government showed inconsistent application of the measures. On the other hand, citizen participation emerged as a critical enabler of responsive governance, though its effectiveness is hindered by limited civic awareness and bureaucratic barriers. Enforcement of anticorruption policies, while present, was reported to suffer from selective application and lack of political will. The study concludes that while the Trans-Nzoia County Government has made progress in institutionalizing anti-corruption strategies, the uneven implementation of these measures undermines their full potential in transforming service delivery. The findings highlight the need for a multi-stakeholder approach that combines political commitment, civic engagement, and institutional reform.

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