RP-Department of Public Policy and Administration

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Alcohol Control Policy and Regulation of Underage Drinking, a Case Study of Nyandarua County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-05) Kamau, Peter Mundia; Muna, Wilson
Despite county governments having the ultimate authority in regulating the alcohol trade and enacting new laws, alcohol remains a significant issue in Kenya. This study aims to explore how the implementation of alcohol control policies impacts underage drinking in Nyandarua County. The objectives include examining the effects of licensing regulations, and enforcement regulations on underage drinking in the county. The findings of this study will benefit the alcohol regulation board in Nyandarua County and the government of Kenya by providing valuable insights into alcohol trade regulation especially against underage drinking. The study was premised on two theories namely New Public Management and Social Exchange theories all relating to the three proxy independent variables. The research employed a descriptive research design focusing on Kinangop sub-county as the target population which has the highest number of liquor premises in Nyandarua County at 427 according to data from the department of social services. A representative sample population of 120 respondents was selected using a blend of simple random sampling on bar attendants as per Taros formula (1967) and purposeful sampling targeting government officials. Data was collected through validated semi structured questionnaires and interview guides, with both quantitative and qualitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics, content/thematic analysis and SPSS. The data has been presented using central tendency measures, measures of dispersion and bar charts. The research revealed that there somewhat enforcement of licensing requirement in the area. The study observed that there is adherence of 300m rule for liquor business from school, the branding of alcoholic drinking is checked, there is also revocation and denial of licenses for business violating licensing requirements and lastly, there is audits and compliance checks in the region. However, the study observed that there is huge gap in stakeholder’s engagement in licensing and enforcement processes. The study observed that majority of the respondents recognize corruption as major factor which is hindering the effectiveness of licensing and enforcement polices in Nyandarua County. The fight against corruption should be intensified in order to ensure effectiveness of the policies while stringent penalties should be adopted for any non-compliance with regulation and lastly, the government should greatly engage various stakeholders such as parent, community and religious leader in order to collectively address this issue of underage drinking in Nyandarua County.
Windle Trust International Kenya and Placement of Refugee Students in Higher Education Institutions
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-05) Dido, Isacko Tura; Kiruthu, Felix
The integration of refugees into higher education presents numerous challenges, particularly within refugee environments where instability and uncertainty prevail. Higher education, however, plays a critical role in shaping academic outcomes, social and emotional well-being, and future social and labor market integration. This study examines the effect of Windle International Kenya placement programme for refugee students to higher institutions in Kenya. The research adopted a descriptive research design, guided by Social Learning Theory and Systems Theory, to explore WIK’s effect on refugee education. A target population of 577 participants, including WIK staff, guardians of beneficiary students, and refugee students from Dagahaley Camp, was selected. 172 refugee students were selected using purposive and random sampling techniques. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and interview schedules, and analyzed using SPSS Version 24 for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The findings reveal a strong positive relationship between Windle International Kenya's placement program and its effects on refugees, with a correlation coefficient of 0.789. The model explains 62.2% of the variance in refugee outcomes (R² = 0.622), and the regression coefficient for the placement program is 0.828, showing its significant positive impact on access to education for refugees. The F-statistic of 32.415 and p-value of 0.000 indicate a highly significant effect. It is recommended that Windle International Kenya's placement program continue to be supported and expanded to further enhance refugees' access to higher education. This program has demonstrated a significant positive effect on refugees' educational outcomes, and scaling it can inspire other refugees to pursue similar opportunities. Additionally, integrating policy frameworks and institutional support will optimize the effectiveness of these placements.
Risk Management Policy Implementation and Performance of Quality Infrastructure in Selected State Corporations in Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-03) Nyamwaya, Walter Manyibe; Minja, David
This research investigated the effect of implementation of the risk management policy on performance of Quality Infrastructure of State Corporations in Kenya. The study sought to meet the following objectives: to evaluate the effect of implementation of Risk Management oversight regime on performance and the effect of implementation of institutional Risk Management framework requirements on performance of Quality Infrastructure State Corporations in Kenya; to determine the effect of implementation of Risk Management Governance on performance of Quality Infrastructure State Corporations in Kenya. The literature review concentrated on studies that are based on facts, the theoretical and conceptual models, and frameworks. The descriptive research design was employed. The group of interest was around 250 employees, including those in senior management, middle management, and operational roles at the main offices of Quality Infrastructure State Corporations located in Nairobi County. A sample size of 75 employees, representing 30% of the total group were selected through simple random sampling. To gather data, a semi-structured questionnaire was utilized. Before collecting the data, the questionnaire was piloted and a test for reliability was assessed. A Cronbach’s alpha level of … was attained. Secondly the instrument’s validity was tested using the supervisor’s expertise. Authorization was sought from the NACOSTI. The significance level (pvalue) of 0.002 confirms that the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable is statistically significant. Since the p-value is lower than the conventional threshold of 0.05, it is concluded that risk management policy implementation significantly influences the performance of quality infrastructure State Corporations. The study concludes that risk management policy implementation significantly affects the performance of quality infrastructure State Corporations in Kenya. The study concludes that an effective risk management oversight regime is essential for enhancing the performance of quality infrastructure State Corporations in Kenya. The study recommended that national government should allocate adequate resources to support the establishment of risk management systems, including the training of personnel, acquisition of technology, and regular audits to ensure compliance with these policies. Strengthening the capacity of oversight institutions, such as the Auditor General and Public Procurement Oversight Authority, is also critical to ensure these policies are effectively monitored and enforced.
Corporate Governance Practices and Performance of Independent Constitutional Commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-04) Githu, James; Minja, David
The primary duties of constitutional commissions involve safeguarding the people's sovereignty, ensuring that all government entities adhere to democratic values and principles, and fostering constitutional governance. Nevertheless, most of these commissions have fallen short of fulfilling their responsibilities. In the absence of significant independence, constitutional commissions and independent bodies are unable to hold either the legislature or the administration accountable, nor can they facilitate transparent and democratic governance. Viewing these institutions as part of the government hampers their ability to function freely, without fear, favoritism, or bias, which is essential for them to effectively carry out their roles. This challenge arises from the fact that these institutions are designed to act against those in power. Robust corporate governance practices play a significant role in the effective and efficient administration of state-owned enterprises. Since gaining independence, the degree of accountability in the management of these corporations has persistently diminished, even with the presence of numerous oversight mechanisms such as legal regulations, ethical standards, policies, and codes of conduct designed to offer a clear guide for the successful operation of state corporations. The research aimed to explore how corporate governance practices affect the performance of independent constitutional commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The objectives were to examine the effect of accountability practices and assessing the influence of transparency practices, on the performance of these commissions. The research was guided by agency theory, stakeholder theory, stewardship theory, and moral hazard theory. A descriptive research design was utilized for the investigation. A total of 1,426 workers from the fourteen independent commissioners in Nairobi County, Kenya, made up the target population. A sample of 303 personnel, including non-management, lower management, middle management, and top management staff from the commissions, was obtained by applying the Fisher, Liang, and Stoeckel (1983) formula to estimate the sample size. A semi-structured questionnaire with both closed-ended and open-ended questions was utilized to gather data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis; multiple regression analyses were used for inferential statistics, while means and standard deviations were utilized for descriptive statistics. Tables and figures were utilized to display the data analysis results. The findings indicated a strong relationship between the identified predictors accountability practices, transparency practices, board responsibility, and risk management practices and the organizational performance of independent constitutional commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya, as evidenced by an R value of 0.894. Additionally, an R-squared value of 0.799 suggested that 79.9% of the variability in organizational performance could be explained by these four governance practices. In conclusion, the study established that corporate governance practices have a significant impact on the performance of independent constitutional commissions in Nairobi City County, Kenya. It was recommended that the government prioritize the strengthening of corporate governance frameworks within these commissions. Given the positive correlation between governance practices and organizational performance, the government should implement clear guidelines regarding accountability, transparency. This may involve the creation of dedicated oversight bodies to ensure regular audits, performance evaluations, and adherence to governance standards across all commissions.
Governance Practices and Exploitation of the Blue Economy; Case of Kenya Maritime Authority in Mombasa County
(International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 2025-04) Ochieng, Sybil Awino; Muna, Wilson
The blue economy, encompassing industries and activities such as fishing, shipping, tourism, and offshore energy, has become a crucial driver of sustainable development and economic growth for many coastal nations. In Kenya, with its extensive coastline and strategic maritime location, the potential for a robust blue economy is significant. However, realizing this potential requires effective governance practices to ensure sustainable and equitable exploitation of maritime resources. The Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA), as the primary regulatory body overseeing the country's maritime sector, plays a critical role in shaping governance practices that guide the exploitation of the blue economy. Despite the importance of the blue economy industry, the sector still faces challenges including, institutional weaknesses, usage of unsuitable tools and technology, lack of transparency, inadequate enforcement of regulations, and limited stakeholder engagement, which may lead to unsustainable exploitation of marine resources, environmental degradation, and inequitable benefits distribution. This study sought to examine the effects of governance practices on the exploitation of the blue economy at Kenya Maritime Authority in the County of Mombasa. The research specifically looked at how accountability and efficiency practices affected the exploitation of the blue economy. The study was based on stakeholder and agency theories. Descriptive research was employed together with purposive and stratified random sampling. A sample of 129 was selected from the target population of 190 consisting of KMA’s personnel involved in policy decision-making, representatives from associations regulated by the Authority, and non-governmental organizations involved in maritime affairs in Mombasa County. The study yielded both numerical and qualitative data for assessment. Numerical data was gauged into descriptive and inferential statistics which were presented using frequencies, modes, means, graphs, standard deviation, correlations, and regression analysis. The study strictly observed ethical guidelines such as confidentiality, anonymity, and consent throughout the entire survey. The correlation coefficient (R = 0.713) suggests a strong positive relationship between the predictors; accountability practices, efficiency practices, stakeholder engagement, and equitable practices and the dependent variable, exploitation of the blue economy. The R Square value of 0.508 indicates that approximately 50.8% of the variance in the exploitation of the blue economy can be explained by these governance practices. The study conclusively demonstrated that accountability, efficiency, stakeholder engagement, and equitable practices are critical components influencing the exploitation of the blue economy at Kenya Maritime Authority. The study indicated that enhanced accountability mechanisms within KMA lead to improved management of marine resources. The national government should reinforce accountability frameworks within KMA to ensure transparency and responsibility in resource management. This could involve establishing stringent monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to track the effectiveness of governance practices in the blue economy. Additionally, the government should facilitate capacity- building initiatives that empower KMA personnel with the necessary skills and knowledge to implement best practices in governance.
Capacity Building and Service Delivery among National Administration Officers in Embu County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Law and Society, 2025-03) Towett, Lucy Jemutai; Kipchumba, Heather Eddah
Kenya government continues to enhance service delivery to the public through improved coordination and optimal resource utilization. To do so, the government relies on the expertise of National Government Administration officers (NGAOs) mainly deputy county commissioners (DCCs), Assistant County Commissioners (ACCs), chiefs, and Assistant Chiefs to deliver its mandates to the public. The government also engages Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs on regular capacity building to ensure their skills remain at per. Besides these efforts NGAOs still demonstrate inadequate skills necessary to deliver effective services implying a potential disconnect between capacity building (training) and their needs. Therefore, the specific objective of this study was to determine the effect of training to service delivery among NGAOs in Embu County, Kenya. Methods: The study used a mixed method research design where it combined a survey (quantitative) and structured interviews with key informants (qualitative). The study targeted 226 participants, 64 chiefs and 141 assistant chiefs distributed in the six sub counties in Embu County and 15 Assistant County Commissioners (ACCs) and 6 Deputy County Commissioners (DCCs) Results: The study had a total of 148 participants out of anticipated 226 leading to 65.5% response rate. Among the participating National-Government Administrative Officers (NGAOs), (84, 56.8%) held positions as assistant chiefs, (62, 41.9%) as chiefs, and (2, 1.4%) as assistant county commissioners. The findings indicated that only (57, 38.5%) of participated NGAOs have attended capacity building in the last 3 years. These results demonstrate a good number of NGAOs may have not attended capacity building program due to variety of reasons. Conclusion: There was insufficient recent capacity building training opportunities highlighting the effect of inadequate capacity building training on service delivery. Without recent training, NGAOs may lack updated skills and knowledge necessary for effective service delivery, potentially leading to inefficiencies or shortcomings in their performance.
Capacity Building and Service Delivery among National Administration Officers in Embu County, Kenya
(IAJLS, 2025) Towett,Lucy Jemutai; Kipchumba,Heather Eddah
Kenya government continues to enhance service delivery to the public through improved coordination and optimal resource utilization. To do so, the government relies on the expertise of National Government Administration officers (NGAOs) mainly deputy county commissioners (DCCs), Assistant County Commissioners (ACCs), chiefs, and Assistant Chiefs to deliver its mandates to the public. The government also engages Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs on regular capacity building to ensure their skills remain at per. Besides these efforts NGAOs still demonstrate inadequate skills necessary to deliver effective services implying a potential disconnect between capacity building (training) and their needs. Therefore, the specific objective of this study was to determine the effect of training to service delivery among NGAOs in Embu County, Kenya. Methods: The study used a mixed method research design where it combined a survey (quantitative) and structured interviews with key informants (qualitative). The study targeted 226 participants, 64 chiefs and 141 assistant chiefs distributed in the six sub counties in Embu County and 15 Assistant County Commissioners (ACCs) and 6 Deputy County Commissioners (DCCs) Results: The study had a total of 148 participants out of anticipated 226 leading to 65.5% response rate. Among the participating National-Government Administrative Officers (NGAOs), (84, 56.8%) held positions as assistant chiefs, (62, 41.9%) as chiefs, and (2, 1.4%) as assistant county commissioners. The findings indicated that only (57, 38.5%) of participated NGAOs have attended capacity building in the last 3 years. These results demonstrate a good number of NGAOs may have not attended capacity building program due to variety of reasons. Conclusion: There was insufficient recent capacity building training opportunities highlighting the effect of inadequate capacity building training on service delivery. Without recent training, NGAOs may lack updated skills and knowledge necessary for effective service delivery, potentially leading to inefficiencies or shortcomings in their performance
Effects of Maritime Governance in Harnessing the Blue Economy along the Kenyan Coastline
(IAJAH, 2024-11) Wanjiru, Leah Nyokabi; Mbirithi, Daniel Mange
Kenya’s blue economy potential has not yet been fully exploited. It is estimated that the blue economy, if used properly, has the potential to inject up to 4.8 billion US dollars to Kenya’s economy and create over 52,000 jobs in the next ten years, this combined with a sustainable approach should make a difference in the protection of the maritime ecosystem domain. The activities commonly understood to represent the blue economy includes maritime shipping, fishing and aquaculture, coastal tourism, renewable energy, water desalination, undersea cabling, deep sea mining and biotechnology among others. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of maritime governance in harnessing the blue economy along the Kenyan coastline. The objectives were: to determine the effects of maritime defense and security along the Kenyan coastline; The study was guided by environmental governance and precautionary theories. The study adopted a descriptive research design focusing on the coastal county of Mombasa. The study targeted the adult population in Mombasa County. A total of 324 respondents who were involved in the maritime sector form the sample size. However, the target population being small and manageable, purposive and census sampling was utilized to select the participants. Questionnaires were used in data collection. Data were cleaned before coding and entering into the Statistical Package Social Sciences (version 26) for data analysis. The frequency and percentages tables, mean and standard deviation were used to transform quantitative information into meaningful information. The findings revealed that maritime security, maritime defense, maritime safety and maritime ecosystem protection significantly affect the harnessing of the blue economy. The findings established that robust governance frameworks are essential in mitigating threats such as piracy, smuggling, and illegal fishing, which have historically plagued the Kenyan coastline. The study concludes that maritime security and maritime defense significantly affect the harnessing of the blue economy. Effective maritime governance plays a crucial role in harnessing the blue economy potential along the Kenyan coastline. The study recommends that Government of Kenya should continue investing in maritime security measures by strengthening cooperation with international partners, enhancing surveillance capabilities, and implementing effective strategies to combat piracy and illegal fishing activities. This will safeguard maritime resources and create a secure environment for economic development.
Influence of the Inua Jamii Program on the Welfare of Its Beneficiaries in Mvita Constituency, Mombasa County
(IAJAH, 2024-11) Mele, Mwanyuma Eddy; Moi, Edna Jemutai
Most countries, particularly developing nations, face high poverty levels, extreme hunger, and socio-economic vulnerability due to various factors. To address these issues, governments have introduced social protection programs, with a focus on cash transfer initiatives. These cash transfer programs aim to provide direct and regular payments to the poor and vulnerable, including people with disabilities, the elderly, and orphans, to meet their basic needs. The importance of the study was to determine the influence of the Inua Jamii Program on the welfare of its beneficiaries in Mvita Constituency, Mombasa County on three objectives that are overall health, financial independence and on social participation. The study was to aid in improving the social protection programs with the bigger role of reducing extreme poverty and high dependency rates and it is based on two theories which are theory for change and resilience theory. A sample size of 311 respondents was obtained from a target population of 1,394 of the people of Mvita who are beneficiaries of the Inua Jamii program. The data was collected using questionnaires and was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Further, the study performed inferential analysis which involved the use of chi square and Multiple linear regression. A p value of 0.05 was used to determine if there is any statistical relationship between the parameters of the study. The study sought approval from graduate school in Kenyatta University and NACOSTI to conduct the study. The analysis spans descriptive and inferential methodologies, utilizing survey data and regression analysis to assess program outcomes. Key findings reveal significant positive impacts on financial assistance, security, and basic needs met, though challenges persist in social engagement and community integration. Comparative insights from global social support programs underscore opportunities for enhancement in financial literacy, social activity promotion, and inclusive community strategies. The Pearson ChiSquare value is 18.577 with 6 degrees of freedom and an asymptotic significance (2- sided) of 0.001, indicating a statistically significant relationship between the program's influence and the overall health of the elderly. The Inua Jamii program has notably improved financial independence among elderly beneficiaries in Mvita Constituency, evidenced by positive perceptions of financial assistance, security, and basic needs fulfillment. However, mixed responses regarding social engagement highlight areas for improvement. Drawing from successful global models, such as Brazil's Bolsa Família and India's social pension programs, enhancing financial literacy, expanding social activity opportunities, and fostering community inclusion could optimize program effectiveness. Addressing these aspects could further enhance the program's impact on the overall well-being of elderly beneficiaries. To enhance the Inua Jamii program's effectiveness, it is recommended to implement targeted strategies: Enhance Social Engagement: Develop comprehensive strategies to promote social activities and community involvement among elderly beneficiaries, ensuring inclusivity and meaningful participation. These steps align with global best practices and could significantly enhance the program's ability to support elderly beneficiaries' financial independence and overall well-being.
The Influence of Online Tax Services on Service Delivery at Kenya Revenue Authority –Nakuru Station
(Edinburg, 2024-12) Kwemei, Joel Sikirio; Ng’eno, Weldon Kibet
Purpose: This study examined the influence of Online Tax Services on service delivery at the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) Nakuru Station. Methods: Utilizing a descriptive case study research design, the study targeted a population of 504 staff and customers at the station. A sample size of 287 was derived using Yamane’s (1967) formula. Results: The findings reveal a moderate positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.538) between Online Tax Services and service delivery, indicating that improvements in the availability and functionality of these services are associated with better service delivery outcomes. Regression analysis further confirms that Online Tax Services significantly impact service delivery, with an unstandardized coefficient of 0.317 and a standardized coefficient of 0.271. This suggests that enhancing these services results in a moderate improvement in service delivery. Respondents also noted the benefits of reduced processing times, increased accuracy of tax assessments, and improved taxpayer compliance. However, concerns about staff training and readiness indicate a need for further capacity-building efforts to fully optimize the benefits of digitization. Conclusion: The study concludes that while Online Tax Services positively influence service delivery, additional focus on staff engagement and system reliability is essential for sustained improvements
Family Planning and Child Healthcare in Public Hospitals in Banadir Region, Somalia
(IAJAH, 2024-09) Abdirashid, Mohamed Abdille; Muna, Wilson
Somalia has more health issues for women and children than practically any other country on the planet. Despite this, there has had at least been more continuous improvement since 2000 compared to the decade before it, even if both child and maternal mortality rates have decreased more slowly than in neighbouring nations and far more slowly than was anticipated under the Millennium Goals. Somalia has some of the poorest health and nutrition metrics in the world. Acute malnutrition rates are currently estimated to be over 14% worldwide, with substantially higher rates among displaced people and pastoralist groups. Family planning 2020 was a pledge Somalia made in 2015, and in 2017 the administration updated that commitment to guarantee access to high-quality reproductive health care including modern contraceptives. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how family planning policies affect the availability of child health care in the Banadir Region of Somalia. The study set to determine the impact of child spacing and sensitization campaign on child health in public hospitals in Banadir Region, Somalia. Social Theory was used to show the interrelationship amongst variables. The study targeted three main hospitals; Banadir Hospital, Daynile Hospital and De Martino Hospital in Banadir Region. The unit of observations were Midwives, Pharmacist, Lab technician, Nurses and child specialised Doctors totalling to 120 respondents; and an additional 1080 mothers seeking maternal care. A sample of 300 respondents was calculated using Slovin's method. Descriptive research design was applied. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze quantitative data. Data was shown as tables and charts. The researcher requested Kenyatta University Graduate School for a letter authorizing data gathering, as well as the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation and other pertinent authorities, to grant permission. The researcher handled data and respondents according to research ethics. The result supported that the child spacing within Banadir region was low, mothers moderately practiced child spacing and frequent reminders were done to all mothers. The results indicates that there was increased number of sensitization initiatives, various sensitization approaches were done from region to region and mothers have experienced a great chance from the increased sensitization strategies used. Based on the statistical results presented, the study concludes that the child spacing and sensitization practices had a significant effect on child healthcare access in Banadir region, Somalia. The study recommends establishment of Effective planning across the community and the ministry of health should create public health campaigns and messaging that are targeted at all segments of the society.
Analysis of Budget Planning and Performance of Technical and Vocational Education Training Institutions (TVETIS) in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Somba, Sophia; Njoroge, Jane
PerformingPublicTechnicalandVocationalEducationTrainingInstitutions(TVETIs)area boon to society as they impart hands on skills through which individuals can contribute to personal andnationaldevelopmentindiverseway.ForalongtimeperformanceamongthesepublicinstitutionsisfarfromwhatisexpectedamidstquestionsraisedontheireffectivenessincontributingtowardsKenya’s development through skilled labour. To deliver on their mandates, public TVETIs are required to implement practices that ensure that resources are efficiently and effectively utilised. Towards this end, this study sought to analyse the effects of budget planning on the performance of TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The theory guiding the investigation was the economictheoryofbudgeting.Adescriptivedesignwasappliedtomeetthestudyobjectives,whichentailed the collection of primary data using questionnaires from a population of 41 public TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. Reliability and validity of the data collection instrument were done through the Cronbach Alpha tests and content validity assessments. The data was analyzed through descriptive and regression analysis and the results were presented in Tables and Figures. The study’s descriptive findings indicated that budget planning was moderately implemented in public TVETIs in Kiambu County. The results indicated that budget planning had a positive and significant effect on the performance of TVETI institutions. The study recommendedbudgetplanningthattheministryofEducationshouldincreasethebudgetfortheTVETIStocreateimpacton the results of the courses trained to a learners. Furthermore, it was recommended that similar tertiary institutions in other Counties also implement regular budget reviews to ensure theirmonitoringsystemsarereliableandtransparentsothattheymayattainpositiveperformances.Thestudy also recommended that personnel allocated duties related to budgetary practices in public TVETIs seek to adhere to legislative and best practices guidelines. Future studies should be done to investigate the implementation of budgeting practices in both public and private TVETIs inother Counties in Kenya.
The Effects of Occupational Stress on Service Delivery among the National Police Officers in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Jelle, Ali; Kipchumba, Heather
Occupational stress is a known cause of myriad negative effects in most public sector institutions across the globe, the Kenyan national police officers being among them.The study, based on this sought to examine the effects of occupational stress among Nairobi City County’s national police officers on their service delivery. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study, a total target population was 3524, and a sample of 374 was finally used. Questionnaires were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data that were eventually analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical considerations of anonymity and confidentiality were adhered to. It was thus found that occupational stress affects officers in both personal and professional spaces, caused by work-related pressures, fuelled by political interest, low number of human resources, inadequate time to socialize with friends and relatives, and negative perceptions among officers on their jobs. Moreover, pressures during emergencies cause trauma due to dire negative experiences, among others. All these occurrences negatively affect the quality of service delivery among the police officers in Nairobi City County, calling for reforms that involve the provision of psychosocial support to tackle stressors from the occupation, build mental resilience, and improve service delivery. Moreover, there is a need to add Human resources, to ease work time pressure, and provide a conducive environment for economic, social, and emotional growth.
Effectiveness of Drought Mitigation Measures Taken by National Drought Management Authority in Isiolo County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Huka, Abdulkarim; Kipchumba, Heather
Drought is a climate variability that happens seasonally, maybe multilayer or multi-decade,that causes variation in precipitation and temperature rise, hence causing droughts across the world. Drought remains one of the leading courses of conflict in ASAL counties such as Isiolo, even as agencies such as the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) seek to impact and reduce the risks associated with drought. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures by NDMA in drought mitigation in Isiolo County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to identify the mitigation measures taken by NDMA in Isiolo County, Kenyaand establish the effectivenessof the mitigation measures. The study employed a descriptive survey design and, through a census, sampled 20 respondents drawn from different technical staff at NDMA and other organizations supporting drought mitigation in the area. Through a structured questionnaire, the study collected primary data that were analyzed through descriptive statistics that included frequencies and percentages, while inferential statistics used multi-linear regression analysis. The study established that water harvesting, social protection programs, and early warning systems statistically contributed to effective mitigation of drought in Isiolo County,Kenyawhile soil conservation and afforestation did not statistically contribute to effective mitigation of drought in the county. Soil conservation and early warning systems were the most excellent NDMA drought mitigation measures, followed by afforestation and then water harvesting. There is a need for NDMA to identify how they can implement the most effective NDMA drought mitigationmeasures in order to reduce the impact of drought in the area. NDMA should work closely with other stakeholders to ensure that the drought measures are not only effective but also address the community’s unique drought needs. Lastly, there is a need to evaluate reasons why afforestation and water harvesting are not significant in effective mitigation of drought and establish ways that they can be better implemented
Public-Private Partnership Financing Framework and Implementation of Energy Infrastructure Projects in Kenya
(JAIS, 2024-11) Barasa, Fernandes Odinga; Minja, David; Muthinja, Moses
The study sought to examine the efficacy of public-private partnership financing framework in the implementation of energy infrastructure projects in Kenya. The study was motivated by the fact that while public-private partnerships have gained popularity in the recent past, there has been limited empirical research on their performance, particularly in terms of their impact on project implementation in terms of time, cost, and project outcomes. The study sought to fill in this gap. To achieve the objective, the study employed a comprehensive research design, combining both descriptive and causal-explanatory approaches. The study’s target population included key entities within the electricity projects implementing sphere under the Ministry of Energy being Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority, Ministry of Energy, the National Treasury, 7 tier 1 commercial banks and 6 development partners. Data was primarily collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews, preceded by a pilot study of the Ministry of Roads to determine the validity and reliability of the data collection tools. Data was analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis being relied on. Regarding the inferential statistics analysis, parametric and non - parametric analysis was used. For the parametric analysis, a multivariate Ordinary Least Squares regression model was the focus while for non - parametric analysis, Structural Equation Modelling was applied. The findings of this research offer significant insights into the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) financing framework in the implementation of energy infrastructure projects in Kenya. The financing framework was found to accelerate project implementation time, indicating its potential to expedite project execution. However, it had a negative effect on project implementation cost, potentially due to the increased costs associated with private sector participation. Moreover, the financing framework negatively influenced project outcomes, underlining the importance of careful consideration of financial aspects in PPP projects. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders involved in energy infrastructure projects and PPP initiatives in Kenya. They emphasize the importance of optimizing the financing framework to ensure the efficient and successful implementation of energy infrastructure projects, aligning with broader developmental and economic objectives.
Street Level Bureaucracy: Resource Availability among Environmental Officers and its Effects on Implementation of Water Quality Regulation Policy in Kisumu County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal International of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023) Ganda, Rose; Muna, Wilson
Dynamics of Cross-County Invasions and Implication on Socio-Economic Development of Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
(JAIS, 2024-07) Kilimo, David Yego; Hamasi Linnet
This study aimed at establishing the implication of cross-county invasions on socio-economic development in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: determine the dynamics of cross-county invasions in Elgeyo Marakwet County and to identify the viable intervention strategies for sustainable peace and socio-economic development. The study was anchored on Collier and Hoeffler’s Greed and Grievance Theory which postulates that natural resources increase the likelihood of conflict onset and duration as interested parties compete. The target population were the people working or domiciling in Elgeyo Marakwet County who had experienced ramifications of cross-county invasions. The sample size comprised the population domiciled in Endo Ward, which had witnessed past, recurring and stark levels of cross-county attacks in addition to being contiguous to the volatile counties of Baringo and West Pokot. The study employed the purposive sampling technique, which ensured that information-rich respondents were reached for data collection and for effective utilization of finite resources given the security and terrain challenges. Data was gathered both quantitatively and qualitatively from primary and secondary sources through semi-structured questionnaires, one-on-one interviews with key informants, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs), observation and document analysis. The study found out that cross-county invasions usually occurred in the study area with the leading crime being cattle rustling and outright banditry. Additionally, fight over finite natural resources especially land, water and pasture together with appalling proliferation of illicit weapons exacerbated these attacks. The main source of these illicit weapons was the neighbouring countries and counties notably South Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. Locally, the leading distributors were Baringo, West Pokot, Turkana, Samburu, Isiolo and Marsabit in that order. The study concluded that the Socio-economic status of the people of the study area was low due to massive displacement, deaths, breakdown of public and social services, unemployment, illiteracy and low-income levels. The study recommended that there is need for pursuit of cultural dialogue through reconciliatory and peace meetings to encourage co-existence.
Determinants of Urban Refugee Youths Self-Reliance, in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journalof Public Policy & Governance, 2024-07) Wambugu, Iddah Wangui; Kipchumba, Heather Eddah
In urban centers, humanitarian assistance to refugees can be sparse, and insufficient to foster self-reliance, which is shaped by social and economic factors. Thus, urban refugee youths exercise a higher degree of self-reliancethan those in camps. The study sought to establish the determinants of urban refugee youths self-reliance in Nairobi City County, Kenya.The study targeted 2972 refugee youths butsampled 297. It draws on data from questionnaires andanalyzed questions using contentanalysisand descriptive and inferential statistics.Most refugee youths, 80%, said theyreceived support from their social networks, with 74.2% valuing and 5.8% not valuing self-reliance. Self-reliance increased where they depended on these networks for housing, work, and emotional support, butwas absent where social capital was unavailable.The correlation (r = 0.30, p = 0.00) and regression (β = 0.726, p = 0.00) results revealed that social networks significantly influenced self-reliance.On financial training, 63.3% of the refugee youth indicated having participated in financial training, with 43.5% valuing and 19.8% not valuing self-reliance. Financial training increased self-reliance by helping them to save, pay back loans, or borrow to invest, but hindered it by increasing over-dependence on credit.The correlation (r = 0.738, p = 0.00) and regression (β = 1.871, p = 0.00) results also indicated that financial training significantly influenced self-reliance. On education training, 77.6% of the refugee youthsstated having participated in education training, with 54.5 % valuing and 23.1% not valuing self-reliance. Education and Training enhanced their self-through increased employabilityand pathways to decent work through wage or self-employment. At the same time, some refugee youths lamented they were still unemployed after completing TVET. The correlation (r = 0.151, p = 0.020) and regression (β = 0.1512, p = 0.00) results also indicated that education significantly influenced self-reliance.Regarding legal support, 64.3% of the refugee youths reported having sought legal representation, with 51.6 % valuing and 12.7% not valuing self-reliance. Legal support enhanced the refugee youth self-reliance by facilitating their access to business permits, and pro-bono lawyers’services. Legal support failed tofoster self-reliance where the refugees lacked awareness of their economic, social,and education rights. The correlation (r = 0.260, p = 0.020) and regression (β = 1.497, p = 0.002) results also revealedthat legal support significantly influenced self-reliance.The study proposes that humanitarian actors offer selected skilled refugee youths financial start-up capital for micro-enterprises as well as conduct business incubation and follow-ups after financial training.The study also recommends that TVET designers and funders develop curricula that are responsive to market demands to be relevant and deliver skills that are useful in the local labor markets.
Training as an Enabler of Service Delivery at the Nairobi City County
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-08) Werimo, Ann Nekesa; Njoroge, Jane
The Kenyan public sector has reported dismal and deteriorating services that at times are ineffective, inefficient and unresponsive to the needs of the general public. The poor service delivery informed part of the decision to form county governments, but complaints are still there on delayed and poor service quality. To enhance the service delivery quality, effectiveness and efficiency, focus has to shift to human capital management especially on training of employees. The paper was anchored on SERVQUAL model and supported by human capital theory. There was use of descriptive research design approach in targeted the human resource department staffs and members of the public service board and 30% formed the final sample size. Piloting confirmed the fitness, idealness of the questionnaire through validity and reliability testing. The respondents filled the questionnaires, later the data was entered into Ms. Excel and SPPS for descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. The study established that trainings positively and significantly affect service delivery at Nairobi City County. Drawn conclusions shared that training as a component of human resource management practices resulted in improved service delivery quality, timeliness and responsiveness at the Nairobi City County. The study recommends that county government and the public sector employees should be trained on the values and ethics of public service. This training should help employees to understand their role as public servants and to make ethical decisions in their work.
Influence of Citizen Engagement in Budget Planning on Devolved Governance Systems in Mombasa County, Kenya
(IAJAH, 2024-10) Kioko, Sila Boniventure; Moi, Edna
Public participation was at the heart of the Kenya constitution 2010, which demanded that public participation should be employed in all county governments that were established under the constitution. It was incumbent upon each devolved unit to develop a public participation policy to encourage and guide how the citizenry were involved in planning and implementation of public projects. In Kenya, the primary objectives of public participation in decentralized governance systems were to enlighten, involve, confer, cooperate, and enable the populace through various channels, such as elections or civil society initiatives that solicited public opinion throughout the policy-making process. Public bureaucracy, on the other hand, had a culture that discouraged public participation and instead favored traditional means of exchanging information, such as public hearings, which were frequently one-sided and unfocused on fixing problems. Therefore, through genuine public engagement, it was necessary to change that mentality and guarantee that citizens were partners in the governing process rather than only clients. This study aimed to ascertain how citizen involvement affected budget planning in devolved governance systems; second, to ascertain how citizen awareness affected budgeting and devolved governance and to explore the influence of monitoring and evaluation in budget planning on the performance of devolved governance systems in Mombasa county, Kenya. Stakeholder theory served as the study's foundation. The study used a descriptive research design. The aim of the study was the Mombasa County population of 378,422 households, and the Yamane method was used to choose 400 families as a sample. To improve the validity and reliability of research instruments, a pilot study was carried out. The primary research instrument for gathering both quantitative and qualitative data for the study was a self administered questionnaire. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the quantitative data both descriptively and inferentially. The results were shown as frequency tables, means, and standard deviations. Themes were used to analyze qualitative data, which were then presented narratively. To carry out the study, the investigator obtained a research authorization letter from Graduate School, Kenyatta University, as well as a research permit from the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI). The study concludes that citizen engagement positively affect the performance of devolved governance systems in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study recommended that policymakers and governance leaders in Mombasa County should prioritize the promotion of citizen engagement in the budgeting process. This can be achieved through the establishment of citizen engagement forums, public meetings, and town hall meetings where citizens can discuss and provide input on budget proposals.

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