RP-Department of Public Policy and Administration

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Family Planning and Child Healthcare in Public Hospitals in Banadir Region, Somalia
(IAJAH, 2024-09) Abdirashid, Mohamed Abdille; Muna, Wilson
Somalia has more health issues for women and children than practically any other country on the planet. Despite this, there has had at least been more continuous improvement since 2000 compared to the decade before it, even if both child and maternal mortality rates have decreased more slowly than in neighbouring nations and far more slowly than was anticipated under the Millennium Goals. Somalia has some of the poorest health and nutrition metrics in the world. Acute malnutrition rates are currently estimated to be over 14% worldwide, with substantially higher rates among displaced people and pastoralist groups. Family planning 2020 was a pledge Somalia made in 2015, and in 2017 the administration updated that commitment to guarantee access to high-quality reproductive health care including modern contraceptives. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how family planning policies affect the availability of child health care in the Banadir Region of Somalia. The study set to determine the impact of child spacing and sensitization campaign on child health in public hospitals in Banadir Region, Somalia. Social Theory was used to show the interrelationship amongst variables. The study targeted three main hospitals; Banadir Hospital, Daynile Hospital and De Martino Hospital in Banadir Region. The unit of observations were Midwives, Pharmacist, Lab technician, Nurses and child specialised Doctors totalling to 120 respondents; and an additional 1080 mothers seeking maternal care. A sample of 300 respondents was calculated using Slovin's method. Descriptive research design was applied. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze quantitative data. Data was shown as tables and charts. The researcher requested Kenyatta University Graduate School for a letter authorizing data gathering, as well as the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation and other pertinent authorities, to grant permission. The researcher handled data and respondents according to research ethics. The result supported that the child spacing within Banadir region was low, mothers moderately practiced child spacing and frequent reminders were done to all mothers. The results indicates that there was increased number of sensitization initiatives, various sensitization approaches were done from region to region and mothers have experienced a great chance from the increased sensitization strategies used. Based on the statistical results presented, the study concludes that the child spacing and sensitization practices had a significant effect on child healthcare access in Banadir region, Somalia. The study recommends establishment of Effective planning across the community and the ministry of health should create public health campaigns and messaging that are targeted at all segments of the society.
Analysis of Budget Planning and Performance of Technical and Vocational Education Training Institutions (TVETIS) in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Somba, Sophia; Njoroge, Jane
PerformingPublicTechnicalandVocationalEducationTrainingInstitutions(TVETIs)area boon to society as they impart hands on skills through which individuals can contribute to personal andnationaldevelopmentindiverseway.ForalongtimeperformanceamongthesepublicinstitutionsisfarfromwhatisexpectedamidstquestionsraisedontheireffectivenessincontributingtowardsKenya’s development through skilled labour. To deliver on their mandates, public TVETIs are required to implement practices that ensure that resources are efficiently and effectively utilised. Towards this end, this study sought to analyse the effects of budget planning on the performance of TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The theory guiding the investigation was the economictheoryofbudgeting.Adescriptivedesignwasappliedtomeetthestudyobjectives,whichentailed the collection of primary data using questionnaires from a population of 41 public TVETIs in Kiambu County, Kenya. Reliability and validity of the data collection instrument were done through the Cronbach Alpha tests and content validity assessments. The data was analyzed through descriptive and regression analysis and the results were presented in Tables and Figures. The study’s descriptive findings indicated that budget planning was moderately implemented in public TVETIs in Kiambu County. The results indicated that budget planning had a positive and significant effect on the performance of TVETI institutions. The study recommendedbudgetplanningthattheministryofEducationshouldincreasethebudgetfortheTVETIStocreateimpacton the results of the courses trained to a learners. Furthermore, it was recommended that similar tertiary institutions in other Counties also implement regular budget reviews to ensure theirmonitoringsystemsarereliableandtransparentsothattheymayattainpositiveperformances.Thestudy also recommended that personnel allocated duties related to budgetary practices in public TVETIs seek to adhere to legislative and best practices guidelines. Future studies should be done to investigate the implementation of budgeting practices in both public and private TVETIs inother Counties in Kenya.
The Effects of Occupational Stress on Service Delivery among the National Police Officers in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Jelle, Ali; Kipchumba, Heather
Occupational stress is a known cause of myriad negative effects in most public sector institutions across the globe, the Kenyan national police officers being among them.The study, based on this sought to examine the effects of occupational stress among Nairobi City County’s national police officers on their service delivery. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study, a total target population was 3524, and a sample of 374 was finally used. Questionnaires were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data that were eventually analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical considerations of anonymity and confidentiality were adhered to. It was thus found that occupational stress affects officers in both personal and professional spaces, caused by work-related pressures, fuelled by political interest, low number of human resources, inadequate time to socialize with friends and relatives, and negative perceptions among officers on their jobs. Moreover, pressures during emergencies cause trauma due to dire negative experiences, among others. All these occurrences negatively affect the quality of service delivery among the police officers in Nairobi City County, calling for reforms that involve the provision of psychosocial support to tackle stressors from the occupation, build mental resilience, and improve service delivery. Moreover, there is a need to add Human resources, to ease work time pressure, and provide a conducive environment for economic, social, and emotional growth.
Effectiveness of Drought Mitigation Measures Taken by National Drought Management Authority in Isiolo County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-10) Huka, Abdulkarim; Kipchumba, Heather
Drought is a climate variability that happens seasonally, maybe multilayer or multi-decade,that causes variation in precipitation and temperature rise, hence causing droughts across the world. Drought remains one of the leading courses of conflict in ASAL counties such as Isiolo, even as agencies such as the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) seek to impact and reduce the risks associated with drought. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures by NDMA in drought mitigation in Isiolo County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to identify the mitigation measures taken by NDMA in Isiolo County, Kenyaand establish the effectivenessof the mitigation measures. The study employed a descriptive survey design and, through a census, sampled 20 respondents drawn from different technical staff at NDMA and other organizations supporting drought mitigation in the area. Through a structured questionnaire, the study collected primary data that were analyzed through descriptive statistics that included frequencies and percentages, while inferential statistics used multi-linear regression analysis. The study established that water harvesting, social protection programs, and early warning systems statistically contributed to effective mitigation of drought in Isiolo County,Kenyawhile soil conservation and afforestation did not statistically contribute to effective mitigation of drought in the county. Soil conservation and early warning systems were the most excellent NDMA drought mitigation measures, followed by afforestation and then water harvesting. There is a need for NDMA to identify how they can implement the most effective NDMA drought mitigationmeasures in order to reduce the impact of drought in the area. NDMA should work closely with other stakeholders to ensure that the drought measures are not only effective but also address the community’s unique drought needs. Lastly, there is a need to evaluate reasons why afforestation and water harvesting are not significant in effective mitigation of drought and establish ways that they can be better implemented
Public-Private Partnership Financing Framework and Implementation of Energy Infrastructure Projects in Kenya
(JAIS, 2024-11) Barasa, Fernandes Odinga; Minja, David; Muthinja, Moses
The study sought to examine the efficacy of public-private partnership financing framework in the implementation of energy infrastructure projects in Kenya. The study was motivated by the fact that while public-private partnerships have gained popularity in the recent past, there has been limited empirical research on their performance, particularly in terms of their impact on project implementation in terms of time, cost, and project outcomes. The study sought to fill in this gap. To achieve the objective, the study employed a comprehensive research design, combining both descriptive and causal-explanatory approaches. The study’s target population included key entities within the electricity projects implementing sphere under the Ministry of Energy being Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority, Ministry of Energy, the National Treasury, 7 tier 1 commercial banks and 6 development partners. Data was primarily collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews, preceded by a pilot study of the Ministry of Roads to determine the validity and reliability of the data collection tools. Data was analyzed using SPSS with descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis being relied on. Regarding the inferential statistics analysis, parametric and non - parametric analysis was used. For the parametric analysis, a multivariate Ordinary Least Squares regression model was the focus while for non - parametric analysis, Structural Equation Modelling was applied. The findings of this research offer significant insights into the effectiveness of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) financing framework in the implementation of energy infrastructure projects in Kenya. The financing framework was found to accelerate project implementation time, indicating its potential to expedite project execution. However, it had a negative effect on project implementation cost, potentially due to the increased costs associated with private sector participation. Moreover, the financing framework negatively influenced project outcomes, underlining the importance of careful consideration of financial aspects in PPP projects. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders involved in energy infrastructure projects and PPP initiatives in Kenya. They emphasize the importance of optimizing the financing framework to ensure the efficient and successful implementation of energy infrastructure projects, aligning with broader developmental and economic objectives.
Street Level Bureaucracy: Resource Availability among Environmental Officers and its Effects on Implementation of Water Quality Regulation Policy in Kisumu County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal International of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2023) Ganda, Rose; Muna, Wilson
Dynamics of Cross-County Invasions and Implication on Socio-Economic Development of Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya
(JAIS, 2024-07) Kilimo, David Yego; Hamasi Linnet
This study aimed at establishing the implication of cross-county invasions on socio-economic development in Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were to: determine the dynamics of cross-county invasions in Elgeyo Marakwet County and to identify the viable intervention strategies for sustainable peace and socio-economic development. The study was anchored on Collier and Hoeffler’s Greed and Grievance Theory which postulates that natural resources increase the likelihood of conflict onset and duration as interested parties compete. The target population were the people working or domiciling in Elgeyo Marakwet County who had experienced ramifications of cross-county invasions. The sample size comprised the population domiciled in Endo Ward, which had witnessed past, recurring and stark levels of cross-county attacks in addition to being contiguous to the volatile counties of Baringo and West Pokot. The study employed the purposive sampling technique, which ensured that information-rich respondents were reached for data collection and for effective utilization of finite resources given the security and terrain challenges. Data was gathered both quantitatively and qualitatively from primary and secondary sources through semi-structured questionnaires, one-on-one interviews with key informants, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs), observation and document analysis. The study found out that cross-county invasions usually occurred in the study area with the leading crime being cattle rustling and outright banditry. Additionally, fight over finite natural resources especially land, water and pasture together with appalling proliferation of illicit weapons exacerbated these attacks. The main source of these illicit weapons was the neighbouring countries and counties notably South Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. Locally, the leading distributors were Baringo, West Pokot, Turkana, Samburu, Isiolo and Marsabit in that order. The study concluded that the Socio-economic status of the people of the study area was low due to massive displacement, deaths, breakdown of public and social services, unemployment, illiteracy and low-income levels. The study recommended that there is need for pursuit of cultural dialogue through reconciliatory and peace meetings to encourage co-existence.
Determinants of Urban Refugee Youths Self-Reliance, in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journalof Public Policy & Governance, 2024-07) Wambugu, Iddah Wangui; Kipchumba, Heather Eddah
In urban centers, humanitarian assistance to refugees can be sparse, and insufficient to foster self-reliance, which is shaped by social and economic factors. Thus, urban refugee youths exercise a higher degree of self-reliancethan those in camps. The study sought to establish the determinants of urban refugee youths self-reliance in Nairobi City County, Kenya.The study targeted 2972 refugee youths butsampled 297. It draws on data from questionnaires andanalyzed questions using contentanalysisand descriptive and inferential statistics.Most refugee youths, 80%, said theyreceived support from their social networks, with 74.2% valuing and 5.8% not valuing self-reliance. Self-reliance increased where they depended on these networks for housing, work, and emotional support, butwas absent where social capital was unavailable.The correlation (r = 0.30, p = 0.00) and regression (β = 0.726, p = 0.00) results revealed that social networks significantly influenced self-reliance.On financial training, 63.3% of the refugee youth indicated having participated in financial training, with 43.5% valuing and 19.8% not valuing self-reliance. Financial training increased self-reliance by helping them to save, pay back loans, or borrow to invest, but hindered it by increasing over-dependence on credit.The correlation (r = 0.738, p = 0.00) and regression (β = 1.871, p = 0.00) results also indicated that financial training significantly influenced self-reliance. On education training, 77.6% of the refugee youthsstated having participated in education training, with 54.5 % valuing and 23.1% not valuing self-reliance. Education and Training enhanced their self-through increased employabilityand pathways to decent work through wage or self-employment. At the same time, some refugee youths lamented they were still unemployed after completing TVET. The correlation (r = 0.151, p = 0.020) and regression (β = 0.1512, p = 0.00) results also indicated that education significantly influenced self-reliance.Regarding legal support, 64.3% of the refugee youths reported having sought legal representation, with 51.6 % valuing and 12.7% not valuing self-reliance. Legal support enhanced the refugee youth self-reliance by facilitating their access to business permits, and pro-bono lawyers’services. Legal support failed tofoster self-reliance where the refugees lacked awareness of their economic, social,and education rights. The correlation (r = 0.260, p = 0.020) and regression (β = 1.497, p = 0.002) results also revealedthat legal support significantly influenced self-reliance.The study proposes that humanitarian actors offer selected skilled refugee youths financial start-up capital for micro-enterprises as well as conduct business incubation and follow-ups after financial training.The study also recommends that TVET designers and funders develop curricula that are responsive to market demands to be relevant and deliver skills that are useful in the local labor markets.
Training as an Enabler of Service Delivery at the Nairobi City County
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2024-08) Werimo, Ann Nekesa; Njoroge, Jane
The Kenyan public sector has reported dismal and deteriorating services that at times are ineffective, inefficient and unresponsive to the needs of the general public. The poor service delivery informed part of the decision to form county governments, but complaints are still there on delayed and poor service quality. To enhance the service delivery quality, effectiveness and efficiency, focus has to shift to human capital management especially on training of employees. The paper was anchored on SERVQUAL model and supported by human capital theory. There was use of descriptive research design approach in targeted the human resource department staffs and members of the public service board and 30% formed the final sample size. Piloting confirmed the fitness, idealness of the questionnaire through validity and reliability testing. The respondents filled the questionnaires, later the data was entered into Ms. Excel and SPPS for descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. The study established that trainings positively and significantly affect service delivery at Nairobi City County. Drawn conclusions shared that training as a component of human resource management practices resulted in improved service delivery quality, timeliness and responsiveness at the Nairobi City County. The study recommends that county government and the public sector employees should be trained on the values and ethics of public service. This training should help employees to understand their role as public servants and to make ethical decisions in their work.
Influence of Citizen Engagement in Budget Planning on Devolved Governance Systems in Mombasa County, Kenya
(IAJAH, 2024-10) Kioko, Sila Boniventure; Moi, Edna
Public participation was at the heart of the Kenya constitution 2010, which demanded that public participation should be employed in all county governments that were established under the constitution. It was incumbent upon each devolved unit to develop a public participation policy to encourage and guide how the citizenry were involved in planning and implementation of public projects. In Kenya, the primary objectives of public participation in decentralized governance systems were to enlighten, involve, confer, cooperate, and enable the populace through various channels, such as elections or civil society initiatives that solicited public opinion throughout the policy-making process. Public bureaucracy, on the other hand, had a culture that discouraged public participation and instead favored traditional means of exchanging information, such as public hearings, which were frequently one-sided and unfocused on fixing problems. Therefore, through genuine public engagement, it was necessary to change that mentality and guarantee that citizens were partners in the governing process rather than only clients. This study aimed to ascertain how citizen involvement affected budget planning in devolved governance systems; second, to ascertain how citizen awareness affected budgeting and devolved governance and to explore the influence of monitoring and evaluation in budget planning on the performance of devolved governance systems in Mombasa county, Kenya. Stakeholder theory served as the study's foundation. The study used a descriptive research design. The aim of the study was the Mombasa County population of 378,422 households, and the Yamane method was used to choose 400 families as a sample. To improve the validity and reliability of research instruments, a pilot study was carried out. The primary research instrument for gathering both quantitative and qualitative data for the study was a self administered questionnaire. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the quantitative data both descriptively and inferentially. The results were shown as frequency tables, means, and standard deviations. Themes were used to analyze qualitative data, which were then presented narratively. To carry out the study, the investigator obtained a research authorization letter from Graduate School, Kenyatta University, as well as a research permit from the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI). The study concludes that citizen engagement positively affect the performance of devolved governance systems in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study recommended that policymakers and governance leaders in Mombasa County should prioritize the promotion of citizen engagement in the budgeting process. This can be achieved through the establishment of citizen engagement forums, public meetings, and town hall meetings where citizens can discuss and provide input on budget proposals.
Licensing Procedures’ and its Influence on the Enforcement of Alcoholic Drinks Control and Licensing Policies in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(EANSO, 2024-10) Wangui, Jolinda; Heather, Kipchumba E.
The enactment and subsequent implementation of the alcoholic drinks control policies and legislation in Kenya continues to elicit numerous questions as to the efficiency of the same in achieving the intended purposes. Many illicit brews and alcoholic drinks continue to find their way into the market, many people engaging in them yet they are not only a health risk, but dangerous for human consumption. The question that remains unanswered is whether the licensing procedures for the manufacturers, dealers and even merchants, play a role in the enforcement of these pieces of legislation or not. This research project aimed at how the licensing procedures determine the enforcement of polices within Nairobi City County. The study was guided by street-level bureaucracy theory and was conducted using descriptive research design targeting 112 enforcement officials. Primary data was gathered utilizing a structured questionnaire and interviews with 10 NACADA officials. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics as well as the regression model. A 62.5% response rate was achieved and the results indicated that the licensing procedures influence alcoholic drinks control policy enforcement by licensing procedures being adhered to when enforcing the County alcoholic drinks control policies, and there are regular checks on licenses for business functions that operate and sale alcoholic drinks. In line with the study's conclusion, the study recommended that there should be continuous monitoring and evaluation and capacity building for the traders and dealers of the drinks.
Intergovernmental Relations and the Financial Resource Allocation for the Healthcare Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(EANSO, 2024-10) Mutie, Hellen Mwende; Kiruthu, Felix
Since the beginning of devolution of health sector in Kenya in 2013, there have been several concerns regarding heath care service delivery ineffectiveness, which have been attributed to strained ties between the national and county governments. There have been issues with service delivery and medical supply shortages in Nairobi City County's healthcare sector. This study sought to investigate how intergovernmental interactions have affected healthcare in in Nairobi City County. Specifically, the study examined how intergovernmental relations affect the financial allocation for the sector. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. A descriptive research design was employed involving a census for all the 7 administrators working at level 4 and level 5 health facilities in Nairobi City County as well as 78 employees working in the health department of Nairobi City County Government, constituted the sample population. Descriptive analysis was done using the standard deviation and the mean while inferential analysis was done using regression, F-test and ANOVA. The analyzed data was provided as frequency tables, percentages, and charts. Before the data collection, respondents were asked to provide informed consent, and anonymity and secrecy were assured to boost the response rate. The most critical relationship was between intergovernmental relations and financial resource allocation for the healthcare sector in Nairobi City County accounting to 39.4%. The findings suggested that in order to guarantee that financial resources are allocated appropriately, the national and the county government should work to enhance intergovernmental ties. This also helps in ensuring timely release of financial resources to health facilities by the national government. The study recommends that the financial allocation for healthcare should be enhanced so as to improve service delivery. There is also need to enhance own source revenue for the City County so as supplement the shareable revenue from the national government, which collectively will increase the finances available for utilisation in the healthcare sector.
Influence of selected social media platforms and academic performance of undergraduate students: case of Kenyatta University, Mombasa Campus, Kenya
(IAJSSE, 2024-06-24) Kimang’a, Chris Nyaanga; Mbirithi, Daniel Mange
In the contemporary society, academic performance of students is affected by many factors whereby some are controllable and others non-controllable. Social media platforms have become indispensable in our day-to-day life. The influence of social media platforms has been witnessed in almost all facets of human life. The snowballing effect of social media usage; has affected either positively or negatively students’ academic performance. Academic achievement is an essential aspect in any students’ academic life particularly undergraduate students. The study set to investigate the effects of social media usage on academic performance of undergraduates. This study adopted two theories: Use and Gratification theory and Technological Acceptance Model. Correlational research design was adopted by this study and survey questionnaires were used as the research instrument. The total population was 732 undergraduate students. Taro Yamen’s formula was used in obtaining the sample size of 280 undergraduate students. Pilot study was conducted before the actual study was undertaken with the aim of checking reliability and validity of the research instruments. Survey questionnaires were administered to undergraduate students at Kenyatta University, Mombasa Campus, INTRODUCTION Kenya. The collected data were analyzed using correlation (Pearson’s) technique on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The analyzed data were displayed in tables, and Likert scale. Findings indicated a positive and significant effect of selected social media platforms’ use on academic performance of undergraduate students at Kenyatta university, Mombasa campus. It was concluded that social media platforms are used to share course outlines amongst students, discussions facilitate group and is a source of communication on assignments and class projects. Social media platforms are used during lecture sessions, during group discussions, during assignments taking, when studying in the library and during private reading. Engaging in group discussions on social media platforms enhances collaborative learning, allowing students to share insights and deepen their understanding of the course concepts. This study recommends that institutions of higher learning in Kenya to institute policies that would enhance the responsible use of social media platforms amongst the undergraduate students.
Influence of selected social media platforms and academic performance of undergraduate students: case of Kenyatta University, Mombasa Campus, Kenya
(International Academic Journals, 2024-06-27) Kimang’a, Chris Nyaanga; Mbirithi, Daniel Mange
In the contemporary society, academic performance of students is affected by many factors whereby some are controllable and others non-controllable. Social media platforms have become indispensable in our day-to-day life. The influence of social media platforms has been witnessed in almost all facets of human life. The snowballing effect of social media usage; has affected either positively or negatively students’ academic performance. Academic achievement is an essential aspect in any students’ academic life particularly undergraduate students. The study set to investigate the effects of social media usage on academic performance of undergraduates. This study adopted two theories: Use and Gratification theory and Technological Acceptance Model. Correlational research design was adopted by this study and survey questionnaires were used as the research instrument. The total population was 732 undergraduate students. Taro Yamen’s formula was used in obtaining the sample size of 280 undergraduate students. Pilot study was conducted before the actual study was undertaken with the aim of checking reliability and validity of the research instruments. Survey questionnaires were administered to undergraduate students at Kenyatta University, Mombasa Campus, Kenya. The collected data were analyzed using correlation (Pearson’s) technique on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The analyzed data were displayed in tables, and Likert scale. Findings indicated a positive and significant effect of selected social media platforms’ use on academic performance of undergraduate students at Kenyatta university, Mombasa campus. It was concluded that social media platforms are used to share course outlines amongst students, facilitate group discussions and is a source of communication on assignments and class projects. Social media platforms are used during lecture sessions, during group discussions, during assignments taking, when studying in the library and during private reading. Engaging in group discussions on social media platforms enhances collaborative learning, allowing students to share insights and deepen their understanding of the course concepts. This study recommends that institutions of higher learning in Kenya to institute policies that would enhance the responsible use of social media platforms amongst the undergraduate students.
Constituency Development Fund as an Instrument of Rural Development in Kakamega County, Kenya
(Reviewed Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 2023-03) Matete, Jemima Butinyi; Wangaruro, Jane; Owino, George Evans
This study sought to assess the dynamics of Constituency Development Fund (CDF)as a tool of rural development in Ikolomani Constituency, Kakamega County. Alexis de Tocqueville’s “Decentralization Theory,” whose main tenet is the linkage between decentralization,democracy, and citizen participation, guided this study. A cross-sectional researchdesign was usedandmixed methods research,whereby,bothqualitativeand quantitative research techniques and approaches were used to gather data for the study. The research study sample was determined using Andrew Fisher's Sample Size Determination Formula resulting in a sample size of 384 respondents. The instruments for data collection included a survey questionnaire, which was used to get quantitative data and focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) which were used to gather qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, percentages, and frequency distributions. The qualitative data was analysed mathematically. The study obtained ethical approval from the KUERC and informed consent was obtained before data collection. The study established that a very majority (84.4%) indicated that they were cognisant of the existence of the CDF fund. It was also found that more than half (53.6%) of the respondents learned about the fund through chief barazas. Regarding the utilization of the fund, it was established that nearly three-quarters (72%) of the respondents perceived that Ikolomani Constituency CDF is well utilized. Lastly, most of the respondents strongly agreed that low community participation (42.5%), embezzlement of CDF (42.5%) and high levels of corruption and poor leadership (48%) were the main challenges facing the constituency development fund in Ikolomani Constituency. The study concludedthat it is paramount for policymakers and practitioners, including leaders to put in place effective strategies that will see strict adherence to the set modalities of CDFs implementation, and management that wouldpropel the realization of sustainable rural development.
E-Government and Service Delivery at Kenya Revenue Authority Headquarters in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 2023) Akida, Rajab; Kandiri, John M.
In their quest to enhance service delivery, Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) has gone through various transformations and the most recent is e-Government system. However, the effect of such strategies on service delivery remains inconclusive and hence this study sought to determine the effect of e-government strategy (queue management and customer care management) on service delivery. The target population was 97 employees in the Information Technology Communication (ICT) department. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect the data. The collected data was analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that electronic governance stands out as a critical factor in enhancing service delivery. It was determined that the Kenya Revenue Authority's service performance is significantly influenced by effective queue management. Furthermore, the research indicates that both queue management and customer service are pivotal in improving service performance. Effective customer service, when combined with efficient queue management, contributes to a more satisfactory service experience for users, leading to increased satisfaction and trust in the KRA's services. This synergy between technology driven governance and customer-focused strategies is essential for public service institutions aiming to improve their service delivery in the digital age. The study recommends that the government should enhance service delivery by adopting e-Government through the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA). KRA's leadership should leverage e-Government to establish nationwide one-stop service centers, ensuring easy and quick public access to information about KRA's services. Additionally, the study recommends that to foster greater public engagement and connectivity with government services, mechanisms should be put in place for citizens to actively participate and benefit from these services. Finally, the study recommends that public management systems should be optimized with e-Government technologies, such as unique IDs for efficient information retrieval, to streamline client information management and improve service efficiency.
Health Infrastructure and Implications on Provision of Health Care Services to Nurses and Medium Level Bureaucrats in Health Facilities in Siaya County and Nationally, Kenya
(Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies, 2024) Ohando, Ezekiel Odhiambo; Minja, David; Muna, Wilson
Contemporary bureaucracy health infrastructure dimensions involve (hospitals facilities, operating electrical and internet connections, equipment, tools, ambulances, medical supplies and medium level bureaucrats; roads, refrigeration for medicines, vaccine and blood; clean water, sanitation, medium level bureaucracy and medium level autonomous bureaucrats) having implications on provision of accessible and affordable nursing health services in Siaya county hospitals and nationally. Management, health medium level bureaucracy and bureaucrats continues to face evolving challenges owing to dynamic nature of environment and dilapidated health facilities countrywide. Challenges health industry face is medium level bureaucrats driven satisfaction and commitment critical for coping up with eternally fluctuating and evolving respectable environment for realization of goals and objectives through infrastructure facility implications while remaining competitive in health sector. Health medium level bureaucracy should uphold efficacy, desirable production, job commitment through respectable working environment and medicines access to patients’ contrary to facilities referring patients to private pharmacies. Electricity connectivity, accessible roads, medical supplies, refrigeration, water and internet coverage significantly impact health care service positively enhancing efficacy from staff riding on job satisfaction. The objective of this paper is to analyze the implication of infrastructure and working environment on bureaucrats’ job satisfaction while providing patients care and implication of infrastructure nationally. The study employed quantitative and qualitative methodology covering public health facilities in Siaya county and cross-sectional study to cover referral hospitals. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire, adopted and validated for study targeting a population of 500 nurses in level four and five hospitals in Siaya county. Stratified random sampling using Krejcie & Morgan 1970 was used to select 217 sample from the population of 500 nurses and health medium level bureaucrats in level four and five hospitals. The findings revealed that infrastructure encompassing good roads, electricity connectivity working 24 hours daily, internet coverage, medical supplies accessible to patients promoting and supporting optimal health wellbeing while permitting autonomous medium level bureaucrats enjoy their job satisfaction on optimum health care service. The study concluded that realization of adequate health infrastructure and respectable working environment resulted to medium level bureaucrat’s optimization of work satisfaction affecting optimal health care services of nurses and medium level bureaucrats in health facilities in Siaya County and nationally in Kenya. This paper shall benefit the citizens by encouraging them to contribute more towards enhancing healthcare growth, secured job satisfaction, retention, health welfare and autonomous motivated staff deriving their deserved job satisfaction helping their personal growth and development.
Effective Community Participation Mechanism in Security Control in Mount Elgon Constituency, Bungoma County
(International Journal of Current Aspects, 2024) Masudi, Emmah; Kipchumba, Heather Eddah
This study sought to analyze community participation and security in Mt. Elgon constituency, Bungoma County. The thesis of this study is that community participation seems to be more prominent as an alternative strategy in combating insecurity in Mt Elgon. The objective of the study was to find out how effective community participation mechanisms is in security control in Mt Elgon constituency. This study was informed by complexity theory and Stakeholder theory to offer insights on social relations and behavior relevant for peace building. These theories were purposely selected since it explains and enhances a better understanding of the variables affecting the research questions. Methodologically, the study adopted both the qualitative and quantitative methods, drawn from the primary and secondary sources. This study primarily targeted community policing committees, national government administrative officers, religious leaders and the Kenya police. By use of Yamane formula, 127 respondents were selected to take part in the study. A non-probability sampling technique that adopts a purposive sampling method was used in selecting respondents. Besides, descriptive statistical methods were used in processing and analyzing data. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires and interview guides. A pilot study was carried out to test the validity and reliability of data. The study found out that neighborhood watch, community intelligence gathering, community meetings, community hotlines and community policing are some of the most effective community participation mechanisms effective in security control in Mt Elgon constituency, Bungoma County. Further, the results indicated that indigenous and restorative practices significantly contribute to security control in Mt Elgon region. Nevertheless, there are specific areas like re-integration and compensation that needed improvements. Besides, the relationship between the police and community in Mt Elgon region was poor, thus the need to create trust and hold community meetings to improve the relationship. This study recommends that the NPS should Having units specifically trained on dealing with the community participation. The NPS should also educate and create awareness to the local communities and other stakeholders on the importance of contributing to national security.
Exploring the Effects of Development of Policy Alternatives by the Public on Policy Formulation in Kericho County
(Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 2024) Chelangat, Faith; Muna, Wilson
Public participation in Kenya has not been achieved especially at county level in which Kericho County is one of them. This study sought to explore the effects of development of policy alternatives by the public on policy formulation in Kericho County. This study was guided by public participation and policy formulation theory and adopted descriptive research design. The study targeted 30 ward administrators, 30 members of the county assembly, 85 village elders, and local residents of Kericho County. Using simple random sampling technique, the study obtained a sample size of 196 respondents who participated in the study. Primary data for the study was gathered through the use of an interview guide and a questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of the quantitative data obtained through the use of a questionnaire and SPSS version 25. Frequency and percentage were the precise descriptive statistics that were employed, and regression analysis and correlation were the inferential statistics. The study found that development of policy alternatives by the public had positive and significant effect on policy formulation (β = 0.465, p = 0.000). The study concludes that the government, citizens, special interest groups, the media, and the private sector all have a role to play in the policy-making process. Thus, policy makers should consider the input of these stakeholders when making decisions, as their actions can have a large impact on the implementation of policies. In view of the findings, the study recommended that policy makers should ensure that policies are reflective of the opinions of all stakeholders in order to ensure their successful implementation.
Men’s Contribution in Championing Women Leadership in Kenya: A Case Study of Nairobi County Assembly
(International Journal of Current Aspects, 2024) Ayoo, Edwine Collins; Moi, Edna Jemutai
This research project embarked on an analysis of men's historical contributions to championing women's leadership in Nairobi County, with a specific focus on the Nairobi County Assembly. The thesis hypothesized that meaningful contributions and advocacy by men could pave the way for achieving gender parity in political leadership. The primary objective was to scrutinize the efficacy of men's contributions in fortifying and sustaining women's leadership, prompted by the persistently low representation of women in political offices despite constitutional mandates like the one-third gender rule in Kenya. Informed by Social Identity Theory and Telic Theory, which shed light on shared identity dynamics and deliberate decision-making in influence and leadership, the study aimed to enhance the understanding of variables shaping the research questions. Methodologically, a comprehensive approach that amalgamated qualitative and quantitative methods was employed, drawing insights from primary and secondary sources. The study focused primarily on county assembly ward committees in Nairobi, the county government executive wing, the county assembly, the national gender commission, and two non-governmental organizations fervently advocating for women's leadership in Nairobi. Respondent selection adhered to a non-probability sampling technique, specifically utilizing a purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistical methods were applied for data processing and analysis. The findings highlighted the multifaceted nature of men's contributions, indicating varied levels of impact across different sectors. While some men played a pivotal role in fostering women's leadership, challenges and disparities persisted. In light of these findings, recommendations have been formulated to inform strategies and interventions aimed at strengthening women's participation and leadership within the intricate political landscape of Nairobi County. This study aspires to contribute to the broader discourse on achieving gender parity in political leadership, building upon the historical contributions and evolving dynamics of men's involvement in championing women's leadership.

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