MST-Department of Public Policy and Administration

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Effectiveness of Watershed Catchment Protection on the Provision of Water Services in Mandera County, Kenya
(Insight, 2026-03) Omar, Mohamed Ali; Muna,Wilson; Minja, David
Evaluation of the Relationship between Stakeholder Partnerships and Sustainable Water Service Provision in Kenya: Perspectives from Mandera County
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2026-03) Mohamed Ali Omar; Muna,Wilson; Minja,David
Empirical studies indicate that the implementation of national water policies yields mixed outcomes in terms of their influence on water service provision. While some contexts report improvements in access, quality and sustainability, others continue to experience limited progress due to institutional, financial and environmental limitations. In Mandera County, there are still gaps understanding the effective implementation of these policies, as evidenced by perennial water scarcity, inadequate infrastructure, and unequal distribution of services. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of stakeholder partnership on the provision of water services in Mandera County. The study was underpinned by Institutional Theory. The study was informed by pragmatism philosophy and employing a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised 535 participants drawn from various key stakeholders in Mandera County, including the Water Resources Authority, Mandera Office, Mandera County Companies, community leaders, representatives from the Non- Governmental Organization, County Government of Mandera Water Department, and the National Drought Management Authority. The researcher used Slovin’s formula to obtain a sample size of 229 respondents. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistical methods in analysis. The findings were presented on tables. The findings revealed that the coefficient of determination (R Squared) was 0.495, implying that 49.5% of the variation in the provision of water services in Mandera County is explained by stakeholder partnership. The ANOVA results showed that the model was statistically significant in explaining the effect of stakeholder partnership on the provision of water services. The regression coefficient results in revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between stakeholder partnership and provision of water services (β = 0.683, p = 0.000 < 0.05). In view of the findings, the study recommends that County government of Mandera County
Devolution of Health Sector and Service Delivery in Garisa County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Abdullahi Sheikh Mohammed
The study evaluated the effect of healthcare devolution on service provision in Garissa County, Kenya. The research placed a specific emphasis on addressing the existing research gaps in healthcare and service delivery. The specific objectives of the study were: to establish the effects of information sharing; assess the effects of financial allocation; to evaluate the effects of staff capacity and; to examine the effects of ICT infrastructure on service delivery in Garissa County. The study was grounded in theoretical frameworks that included the Resource Dependency Theory and the Social Capital Theory. The conceptual framework illustrated the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study population included 120 healthcare providers in Garissa County. The study utilized a mixed methods research design with qualitative and quantitative methods being applied. Given the small size of the study population, census method was employed where all the 120 were included as the sample of the study. This included 100 facility-based community health promoters, 7 hospital managers, 7 hospital administrators, 1 Chief Executive Officer of Health, 1 Garissa County assembly chair of health, 1 Chief Officer Public Health, 1 Chief Officer Medical Services, 1 Director Public Health and 1 Director Medical Services in Garissa County. Semi- structured questionnaires were used in the research to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Validity and reliability assessments were done to ensure the accuracy of collected data. Descriptive statistics were employed in the analysis of the data collected. To ensure adherence to the ethical considerations, the study placed a high priority on participant anonymity and informed consent. The study established that information sharing processes are fairly established, financial allocation to the health sector is reasonably done, staff capacity is fairly established and that ICT infrastructure is reasonably established within the health sector. The study concluded that devolution of health services impacts delivery of service within the health sector in Garissa County. Robust information sharing procedures, adequate financial allocation, enhancing of staff capacity and a strong ICT infrastructure have a positive impact on service delivery. To further enhance service delivery in the health sector, the study recommends strengthening of information sharing systems, enhanced financial allocation, addressing of existing gaps in staff capacity and improving of ICT infrastructure. Further, there is need for Garissa County government put in place a comprehensive policy to guide all the healthcare processes including information sharing, staff capacity building, utilization of funds.
Alcohol Control Policy and Regulation of Underage Drinking, a Case Study of Nyandarua County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Kamau,Peter Mundia
Despite the county government having had a shared responsibility with national government in the ultimate authority in regulating the alcohol trade and enacting new laws, alcohol remained a significant issue in Kenya. In the view of Nyandarua County Alcoholic Drinks Act 2014, this study aimed to explore how the enactment of alcohol control policy impacted underage drinking in Nyandarua County. The objectives included examining the effects of licensing, enforcement regulations, and stakeholder engagement on underage drinking in the county. The outcomes of this study were of advantage to the alcohol regulation board in Nyandarua County and the government of Kenya by providing valuable insights into alcohol trade regulation, especially against underage drinking. The study was grounded on New Public Management, Street-level Bureaucracy, and Social Exchange theories. The study adopted a descriptive research design, targeting a population of 466 respondents, which included 427 liquor establishments in Kinangop sub-county and 39 stakeholders comprising government officials, religious leaders, PTA members, and teachers. as they held critical roles in departments responsible for policy formulation and implementation, while simultaneously embodying societal norms, moral authority, and community educational interests. A representative sample size of 120 respondents was engaged and comprised of 81 bar attendants as per Taro’s formula (1967) selected through simple random sampling, and 39 other respondents selected by use of purposeful sampling. Data was collected using validated semi-structured questionnaires and interview guides, with reliability tested using Cronbach’s Alpha and validity ensured through supervisor review. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, SPSS, and regression modeling. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from Kenyatta University, county government offices, respondents, and NACOSTI. Findings revealed that all three variables played a critical role in the regulation of underage drinking. Enforcement of alcohol regulation emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.43, p = 0.000), followed by licensing regulation (β = 0.33, p = 0.000), and lastly stakeholder engagement (β = 0.25, p = 0.000). The regression model explained 52% of the variation in regulation of underage drinking, confirming the relevance of these variables. Therefore, this study recommended that the County government of Nyandarua should adequately allocate resources in order to address the issue of logistics and lack of enough enforcement personnel. There should have been formation of specialized anti-liquor units, feedback mechanism establishment, and establishment of anti-corruption units in order to ensure effectiveness of the policies, while stringent penalties should have been adopted for any non-compliance with regulation. Lastly, the government should have formed funded civil engagements, community-based post-licensing vigilance committees, established key stakeholders’ databases in each sub-county, and formed feedback mechanisms such as hotlines, suggestion boxes, and reporting templates in order to collectively address the issue of underage drinking in Nyandarua County.
Effects of Drug and Substance Abuse Management Practices on Economic Empowerment in Kiambu County
(Kenyatta University, 2025) Omukoko, Daniel Musiko
World over, where drugs and substances are known, patterns for their use and abstinence are prescribed. In Kiambu County, various nationally and internationally recognized drug and substance abuse management practices have been put in place. The study aimed to investigate the effects of drug and substance use management practices on economic empowerment in Kiambu County. The following objectives guided the study: to evaluate the effect of drug and substance abuse prevention practices on the economic empowerment of Kiambu County, to establish the effect of drug and substance abuse law enforcement practices on the economic empowerment of Kiambu, and to assess the effect of drug and substance abuse Therapeutic management practices on the economic empowerment of Kiambu. The study was anchored on the self-efficacy Theory, Cohen's Status Frustration Theory, and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population for the study was ward administrators, caregivers, police officers, Officer commanding station (OCS) crime, Deputy County Commissioner, and National government administrative officers (NGAO) were sampled using stratified simple random sampling. The Deputy County Commissioner and Officer Commanding Station were deliberately included in the sample. The pilot size was 10% (20) of the population was tested to adjust the instrument's validity and reliability. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient analyzed the internal uniformity reliability of the questionnaire. Validity was tested and had coefficients of above 0.70, hence reliability was confirmed. A total of 200 respondents were targeted, and a sample size of 62 was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire. Ethical considerations of confidentiality and respondents' consent were adhered to. Inferential and descriptive methods were used for quantitative data analysis. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS). Figures and tables were used for presentation. The study adopted a multivariate regression analysis. The study outcome indicated that drug and substance abuse management practices influence 30 per cent of economic empowerment in Kiambu County. Variables outside this model contributed the remaining 70 per cent. The model was, therefore, appropriate for inferential statistics. Economic empowerment increased when a single unit increased prevention program practices, law enforcement practices, and therapeutic interventions practices. In conclusion, the joint effect of prevention program strategies, law enforcement practices, and therapeutic interventions was crucial for the economic empowerment of drug abuse victims. Recommendations included enhancing stakeholder collaboration and communication, including prevention program providers, law enforcement agencies, healthcare professionals, and economic empowerment organizations
Human Resource Instruments and Employee Performance among Civil Servants in the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government in Makueni County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Mohamed, Hussein Mohamed
Kenya's civil service, following independence, grew quickly, surpassing all others in East Africa in size. Kenya’s civil service has, however, experienced many setbacks over the years, such as inadequate organizational culture, lack of human resource management strategies, unsuccessful rules and regulations, discarded projects, and weak project delivery. Hence, the study seeks to assess human resource instruments and how they affect the employee performances of civil servants of the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of the National Government in Makueni County, Kenya. The study specifically assessed the effects of performance appraisal, career development and training and development on performance. The research was anchored by resource-based, goal-setting, and human capital theories respectively. The descriptive study design served as the foundation for investigation. The target population comprised ninety-five (95) employees of the ministry. Employing a census approach, responses were generated from amongst all ninety-five (95) employees. The study made use of primary data acquired qualitatively and quantitatively through the use of semi-structured open and close-ended questionnaires. The study tested validity by utilizing content and construct validity and reliability of the research instrument by utilizing Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.70. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics involving mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics was done using a regression model. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented using narrations. Analysed quantitative data was then presented using graphs, charts and frequency tables and percentages as well as a regression model. All ethical considerations were upheld duly. The outcome revealed that performance appraisal inversely and insignificantly affects employee performance; training and development positively and significantly affect employee performance in the ministry; while it was further revealed that career development positively but insignificantly affects employee performances of civil servants of the Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government in Makueni County, Kenya. The study recommends that the ministry should keep funding training initiatives that are created specifically to meet the demands and specifications of public employees. These programs should focus on enhancing job-related skills, knowledge, and competencies that directly contribute to improved performance. It is essential to ensure that the training content is relevant, up-to-date, and aligned with the goals and objectives of the ministry.
Civil Society Budgetary Controls and Service Delivery in Bungoma County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Yambi, Stephen Kipyego
Civil society has a significant stake in governance, and a substantial role is expected in the delivery of government policy plans regarding social schemes, the provision of public services, and grassroots utilization. Its influence cannot be underestimated by policy makers, practitioners and scholars. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of budget control strategies employed by civil society in enhancing public sector service delivery in Bungoma County, Kenya. The specific objectives outlined the correlation between budget monitoring and service delivery, evaluated the effect of petitions on service delivery, and determined the significance of consultative forums for service delivery in Bungoma County. The study was anchored in budget theory, budgetary control theory and the economic theory of market socialism. This study used a descriptive research design, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches to examine the role of civil society organizations in implementing government projects and the due effect on budgetary control and service delivery. The target population consisted of county government employees, county assembly members, and civil society members engaged in county budgetary control over a period of three financial years. A sample size of 138 participants (12% drawn from the accessible population of 1117) was arrived at through stratified random and purposive sampling techniques particularly for County Assembly respondents. Gathering of primary data was attained through online questionnaires containing both closed and open-ended questions. A total of 134 responses were received through an online questionnaire representing 97% response rate. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics for quantitative data, while qualitative data from interviews was examined using thematic content analysis. The study showed a positive influence on the three variables civil society budget monitoring, petitions and consultative forums on service delivery in Bungoma County. The effect of consultative forums was more profound compared to budget monitoring and petitions, giving the impression that consultative forums accounted for a larger portion of the variation in service delivery compared to the two other factors studied. The relationship between the variables and service delivery was, however, not very strong, indicating that other factors beyond the scope of this study also contributed to the overall outcome of service delivery. The study recommends an in-depth investigation of these factors and a comparison of results. It also recommends the need for a holistic approach in enhancing service delivery. The study concludes that strengthening budget monitoring, petitions and consultative forums is a viable strategy but requires all budget stakeholders including the government to adopt other approaches to address other determinants of service delivery.
Effectiveness of County Public Service Boards on Staff Acquisition in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Lochokwe, Ambrose
In Kenya, the introduction of devolved governance has seen county governments gain greater autonomy in staff acquisition through the establishment of County Public Service Boards (CPSBs). These boards are tasked with recruiting, selecting, and appointing staff to county public offices, a responsibility that was previously managed centrally. While decentralization was intended to enhance responsiveness and flexibility in staffing at the county level, many CPSBs face challenges in effectively acquiring staff. Therefore, the study specifically sought to assess the effect of recruitment process, the effect human resources planning, the effect of legal framework compliance and the effect of the interview process on staff acquisition by CPSBs. It was anchored on the Agency and human capital theories. The study employed descriptive design targeting all CEOs and Board Chairs of CPSBs in Kenya. The target population for this study consisted of individuals involved in staff acquisition processes within the County Governments in Kenya. Specifically, it focused on the 47 CPSBs in Kenya who are legally mandated with recruitment, human resource planning, legal compliance, and interview processes in Kenya's county governments. For quantitative data, descriptive statistics was applied through SPSS. These statistics included metrics that included frequencies, means, percentages, and standard deviations, allowing for a comprehensive summary of the data. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was used to analyse responses from open-ended questions or interviews. This process involves familiarising with the data, coding the responses into meaningful categories, and identifying themes that align with the study’s objectives. It involves counting responses, calculating response percentages, and analysing the information that is aligned with the goals and findings of the study. The study established that recruitment process, human resources planning, legal framework compliance and Interview process all significantly and statistically so, affected staff acquisition by CPSBs in Kenya (P<.05).From the findings, it is recommended that the recruitment strategies should be aligned with the organisation's strategic objectives and workforce needs; CPSBs should regularly review and update recruitment practices based on data analysis and feedback; put a lot of focus on accurately assessing the current workforce, forecasting future needs, developing robust succession plans and implementing effective performance management systems; and they should also ensure compliance with all the Public Employment regulation. Additionally, apart from adapting the best interview practices and guidelines, the CPSBs in various countries in Kenya should also establish a standard rating system that is able to pair standardised interview questions with standardised evaluation criteria.
Leadership Style and Employees’ Performance at the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mwangi, John M.
Leadership styles are known to have a huge effect on employee performance. However, there has been scarcity of research focusing on the effect of leadership styles on employee performance at the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs in Kenya. Therefore, the research sought to investigate the effect of leadership styles on employee’s performance in the Ministry. The research objectives were to: assess the effect of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles, on employee performance at the Ministry. A descriptive research design was used to gather and analyze relevant data on the effect of leadership styles on employee performance. Both Contingency and Transformational leadership theories informed the research. The target population were the 520 employees based at the Ministry's Nairobi headquarters. The sampling technique involved stratification of staff into three categories using the 30% Kothari formula, that is, top-level officers, middle level officers, and clerical and support staff. For this research, 157 employees constituted the study sample. A semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect data from all the sampled respondents. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyze quantitative data, while qualitative data was subjected to content analysis. A Pearson correlation analysis was used for data analysis, and a logistic regression analysis was used for evaluating the effects of each leadership style on employee performance. Data was presented using, frequencies, percentages, charts, and graphs. The research findings of the study indicated that the effect of transactional leadership style on employee performance was rated highest at 87.1%, followed by transformational leadership style at 84.1%, and laissez-faire at 81.2%. The research recommends that leaders at the Ministry should be advised to practice transactional leadership more frequently, while also adopting transformational and laissez-faire styles in response to specific situations.
Workforce management strategies and job satisfaction among Kenya Airways employees
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Chacha, Cherubine Bageni
Kenya Airways operates in a globalized and demanding industry where customer satisfaction, safety, and operational efficiency are paramount. In order to thrive in such an environment, the airline industry needs a skilled, motivated, and satisfied workforce. Workforce Management Strategies play a crucial role in achieving these goals, making it imperative to assess their influence on employee satisfaction. This study used a descriptive research design with a sample size of 300 employees, representing 20% of the total target population. There is a dearth of empirical research specifically examining the impact of workforce management strategies on job satisfaction within the aviation industry, specifically concerning Kenya Airways. Participants were drawn from various departments within the organization, including HR, Operations, Finance, Commercial, and Flight Operations. Primary data sources were employed effectively through questionnaires, which were carefully scrutinized for consistency and completeness. The collected data underwent modification, computation, classification based on similarity, and entry into SPSS Software for analysis. By analyzing quantitative data, descriptive statistics were produced, including measures of central tendency like mean and standard deviation as well as percentages to summarize the data. Figures and tables were utilized for data representation, providing visual clarity and facilitating interpretation. In order to gain a thorough grasp of the factors influencing the study's relevant outcomes, multiple linear regression analyses were also used to investigate the relationships between the variables. from the results, R2 = 0.321 implying 32.1% of variation in job satisfaction in Kenya airways was explained by workforce strategies, namely; skills optimization strategies, talent acquisition strategies, knowledge management strategies and succession planning strategies. The study concludes that performance feedback helps employees identify areas for skills improvement, moreover, encouraging employees to participate in skills building workshop and conferences helps them to understand emerging industry trends and challenges to help them prepare adequately which leads to job satisfaction. The study recommends that knowledge management strategies encourage human resource managers to put in place platform which are use friendly to facilitate knowledge sharing by the experienced employees
Institutional structure and implementation of social welfare programs: a case of Tana River County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2026-06) Mohamed, Lugumba Abdi
Counties have faced persistent challenges in implementing social welfare programs due to utmost weak institutional structures. As a result, vulnerable populations continue to experience unmet basic needs and limited access to essential social services. The purpose of this research study was to assess the effect of institutional structures on implementation of social welfare programs in Tana River County Government, Kenya. The study was guided by the following research specific objectives; to establish the effect of coordination structure, resource allocation structure organizational culture and compliance structure on implementation of social welfare programs in Tana River County Government, Kenya and to evaluate the effect of monitoring structure on implementation of social welfare programs in Tana River County Government, Kenya. The Institutional Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory and the Organizational Culture Theory guided the research. The research used descriptive research design. The target population was 900 respondents comprising of the management staff and area elders denoted as ‘Nyumba Kumi’ as part of the population. This study used Slovin's formula to determine the appropriate sample size to ensure representativeness and accuracy; the sample size was 305 respondents. Primary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The researcher established the content validity by seeking the opinion of education experts and revising the questionnaires accordingly. The pilot test involved checking on validity by consulting the allocated supervisor and administering the questionnaires to 10% of the sample size. Reliability check was achieved by were using Cronbach alpha values to identify any weaknesses or inconsistencies in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was revised based on the feedback from the pilot test. The collected data underwent a meticulous process of organization and revision to ensure completeness and consistency. The analysis of the data encompassed descriptive statistics, inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics involved calculating percentages, frequencies, mean, and standard deviation. Furthermore, in terms of inferential statistics, both correlation analysis and regression analysis was conducted as part of the study. Correlation analysis was the suitability of the research variables for further investigation, while regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. The results of the analysis were effectively presented through tables, graphs, and charts. This study concludes that the coordination structure within the Tana River County Government plays a vital role in the implementation of social welfare programs. All ethical matters were observed especially on data protection and anonymity as well as protection of respondents expressed some concerns about the sufficiency of the budget and the monitoring of resource allocation, indicating that a more detailed assessment of program needs and better monitoring mechanisms are essential for ensuring effective resource use. The study concludes that the Tana River County Government’s organizational culture supports the implementation of social welfare programs. For the compliance structure, the findings highlight that adherence to regulations and policies significantly supports program implementation. There is a need for a more detailed assessment of the needs of social welfare programs to ensure that resources are allocated in line with those needs. the Tana River County Government should work on reinforcing shared values and commitment to social welfare goals across all levels of the organization. The Tana River County Government should strengthen its feedback loops and use monitoring results to inform both policy adjustments and improvements in program delivery
Motivation Programs on Employee Performance at Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-07) Mwanyoha, Stephen Ndegwa
Employee motivation is a necessary prerequisite towards the success of any organization. Employee performance is a critical determinant of an organization's success, and in the context of Technical University of Mombasa (TUM), Kenya, there is a growing concern regarding the efficacy of motivation programs in enhancing employee performance. Despite the various motivation programs implemented within TUM, there is an evident need to comprehensively assess their impact and effectiveness in promoting a highly motivated and productive workforce. This research aimed to establish the influence of motivation programs on employee performance at the Technical University of Mombasa, a public university situated at the Coast of Kenya. The study objectives were; to determine the influence of motivational goal setting, financial incentives, recognition and reward on the performance of employees at Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya. The study was grounded on Maslow`s Theory of Human Motivation fo. The research employed a descriptive research design. The target population were 30 managerial staff and 100 supporting staff working at Technical University of Mombasa. However, purposive sampling technique was used to select ten percent (n=10) managerial staff and twenty-five percent (n=50) support staff for effective data collection and analysis. The study employed interviewing, questionnaires, and observation to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. NVivo and SPSS were utilized to analyze the data, which were then presented both narratively and in tabular form. The findings established that there is positive relationship between motivation programs (motivational goal setting, financial incentives, recognition and reward) and employee performance at Technical University of Mombasa Since the P-value (0.002) is less than 0.05. The findings revealed that employees who have specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals perform better. Motivational goal setting provides employees with a sense of direction, increases their focus, and promotes a sense of achievement when goals are accomplished. The results show that financial incentives, such as bonuses, commissions, and performance-based pay, are commonly used to motivate employees. These incentives provide tangible rewards for achieving specific targets or exceeding expectations. The findings also established that there is positive relationship between recognition and reward, and performance of employees at Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya. The study concluded that motivation programs, including motivational goal setting, financial incentives, recognition, and rewards, have a significant influence on employee performance. These programs provide employees with clear goals, tangible rewards, and a sense of recognition, which in turn enhance their motivation, productivity, and job satisfaction. The study recommendation organizations should implement a compensation incentive structure that rewards both short-term achievements and long-term contributions at University level. Additionally, financial incentives should be complemented with opportunities for professional development and career advancement, ensuring a balanced approach that also addresses intrinsic motivational factors.
Nyumba Kumi Initiative and National Security in Garissa County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ruth Mbuli
Despite the rolling out of Community Policing Initiative in Kenya, some regions such as North Eastern Kenya and more specifically Garissa County continue to suffer periodic terrorist attacks from the Al Shabaab militant group. It is against this light that this study sought to examine how Nyumba Kumi composition, training and information gathering affect National Security in Garissa County. This study was guided by three theories; stakeholder theory, liberal peace theory and social bond theory. A descriptive research design was employed to gather relevant data from respondents in Garissa Township. The study’s target population was 1299 respondents. These include police officers, administrative officers (DCCs, ACCs Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs), religious leaders and civilians serving in Community Policing Committees. Purposive sampling was employed to select knowledgeable informants such DCCs, ACCs Assistant Chiefs and Chiefs. The researcher employed stratified sampling techniques to select 20% of the study population from police officers, religious leaders, and Community Policing Committee members. Data collection involved both interview schedules and structured questionnaires. Additionally, secondary research sources such as government reports and online materials were utilized. Qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis to uncover patterns and themes. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS software version 31, focusing on descriptive statistics to summarize and present findings, including frequencies, means, and percentages. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships among the independent variables. The findings reveal a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation (0.355, p=0.006) between the composition of the Community Policing Committee (CPC) and the state of national security in Garissa County, indicating that improvements in CPC composition enhance national security. Similarly, there exist a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation (0.378, p=0.011) between community security training and national security, highlighting the importance of training in strengthening security outcomes. Additionally, a weak to moderate but statistically significant positive correlation (0.287, p=0.034) exists between information gathering and dissemination by the CPC and national security, underscoring the value of grassroots intelligence in security management. The study concludes that Nyumba Kumi groups composition is the strongest in strengthening national security, followed by security training of Nyumba Kumi while intelligence gathering is the weakest. The study recommends clearly defined roles for Nyumba Kumi members, alongside localized and culturally sensitive training programs tailored to the region's socio-demographic dynamics. Enhancing members' technical competence in surveillance and communication, promoting intergenerational dialogue, and strengthening trust-based collaboration with formal security actors are highly recommended to strengthen intelligence gathering. To ensure adaptability to evolving threats, the establishment of robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks is essential.
Land Use Changes and Human-Wildlife Conflict in Kajiado County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Rotich, Diane Chepkirui
In recent years, specific land use changes have been identified as key drivers of human wildlife conflict in Kajiado. Pastoral activities, which once coexisted with wildlife, are increasingly leading to competition over dwindling grazing lands. Settlement pattern changes and infrastructure development, such as roads and housing projects, have fragmented habitats, increasing the frequency of wildlife entering human settlements. Agricultural expansion, which converts wildlife corridors into farmlands, has been noted as a major contributor to habitat loss, driving wildlife to forage in farms, leading to destruction and tension between wildlife conservation efforts and community livelihoods. The broad objective of the study was to assess the effect of Land Use Changes on Human Wildlife Conflict in Kajiado County, Kenya. The specific land use changes that was focused on comprised of changes in pastoral activities, settlement pattern changes, agricultural expansion and infrastructure development. The Land Tenure Theory and Habitat Suitability Theory anchored the study. The study used descriptive design targeting the local community representatives, farmers and pastoralists, wildlife rangers and officers, community leaders, Government and County Officials and Wildlife Conservation Organizations. In total, the target population comprised of 2419 respondents. A stratification of the population was done to enhance sampling while random sampling was applied to identify the specific respondents from ach stratum. A sample size of 343 respondents was determined using Cochran's formula. A combination of structured questionnaires and semi structured interview guides were employed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed using mean and standard deviation and Pearson Correlation Coefficient for inferential analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the analysis were displayed in form of tables and figures. The study established that land use changes comprising of changes in pastoral activities, settlement pattern changes, agricultural expansion and infrastructure development positively and significantly affect human wildlife conflict in Kajiado County. This was depicted by beta values of 0.213, 0.538, 0.411 and 0.329 and significant values of 0.009, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively. The study concluded that increase in the land use changes increases animal wildlife conflicts in Kajiado County. The study recommends promoting sustainable grazing practices, regulating settlement patterns, and implementing wildlife friendly farming to minimize human wildlife conflicts in Kajiado County. This study recommends integrating wildlife considerations into development plans, enforcing land use policies, and engaging stakeholders may help balance conservation efforts with economic growth
Public Participation Approaches and Performance of Community Empowerment Projects: A Case of Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ainea,Purity Jebor
Public participation has increasingly been recognized as a fundamental component in the successful implementation of community empowerment projects. However, despite its acknowledged importance, there remains a significant gap in understanding the specific effects of various public participation approaches on project performance. Community projects often suffer from poor execution and lack of sustainability, largely due to insufficient engagement of stakeholders, ineffective communication strategies, and inadequate capacity building efforts. This study aimed to determine the effect of public participation approaches on the performance of community empowerment projects in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study objectives were; effect of stakeholder involvement on the performance of community empowerment projects, effect of communication on the performance of community empowerment projects, effect of capacity building on the performance of community empowerment projects in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Stakeholder Theory and Resource Mobilization Theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study targeted 150 community empowerment projects currently underway in Kiambu County, involving 3,000 stakeholders. The Yamane formula was utilized in calculating sample size. A sample size of 97 respondents was achieved. Simple random sampling technique was utilized in selecting respondents. Data collection was done through semi-structured questionnaires. Pilot study was done to enhance validity and reliability of research instrument. Data collected was coded, analyzed, and presented through tables and charts. The research will uphold ethical considartion procedures where research authorizations were acquired from Graduate school-Kenyatta University and NACOSTI research license. The findings highlight that engaging stakeholders, government agencies, NGOs, and community members enhances project sustainability. Effective communication ensures stakeholders understand goals and stay engaged. Training and skill development equip community members to manage projects and foster innovation. Stakeholder involvement leverages external expertise, resources, and support, contributing to long-term success. Regular consultations and feedback mechanisms enable adaptive management, addressing challenges and aligning with community needs. Empowering communities through ongoing education and training sustains project impact. The study recommends that the government allocate resources to facilitate stakeholder engagement and implement participatory frameworks effectively. Stakeholders should collaborate with local communities to provide technical support, financial resources, and capacity-building. Promoting inclusive decision-making fosters ownership and long-term commitment, ultimately strengthening community development initiatives.
Devolution and Intercommunal Conflicts in Marsabit County-Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Guyo Gufu Wato
This study investigated the influence of devolution on inter-communal conflicts in Marsabit County, Kenya. Specifically, it examined the influence of county resource management, county leadership composition, and peace-building initiatives on the occurrence of inter-communal conflicts. The study was guided by conflict theory and adopted a mixed-methods approach, using correlational research design. The target population included 77,495 households in Marsabit County, county government officials, administrative leaders, religious leaders, and individuals involved in peace-building. Data was collected from a sample of 100 household heads. Data was collected using questionnaires for household heads and interview guides for key informants. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests, while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed statistically significant relationships between resource management (χ²=8.723, p=0.013), county leadership composition (χ²=11.952, p=0.018), and peace-building initiatives (χ²=10.678, p=0.030) with inter-communal conflicts. These results indicated that the management of resources, the composition of county leadership, and the implementation of peace-building initiatives have statistically significant influence on inter-communal relations in Marsabit County. The study provided valuable insights for policy formulation at both county and national levels and contributed to the literature on devolution and conflict management in multi-ethnic settings.
Public Participation and Budget Formulation in Pemba Municipality, Mozambique
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Andre Joseph
The need for greater public involvement in decision-making has rapidly gained attention from governments at different levels, civil society, and NGOs. A participatory budget is one of the most significant tools supporting inclusivity in the policy process. The Constitution of Mozambique, in article 263, establishes that local governance bodies must, in their operations, encourage and promote the use of available resources to guarantee citizens' active participation in the search for solutions to the problems of their communities. However, despite this legal provision, there is still a lack of participation by the public in the formulation of local government programs, projects, and policies, such as budget formulation. This research addresses how public participation impacts budgeting formulation and outcomes in Pemba municipality. Therefore, the research objectives were: Establish the influence of the existing public policies on the budget formulation of Pemba Municipality, determine the influence of the level of involvement of the public on the budget formulation in Pemba Municipality and establish the influence of the existing methods on the budget formulation in Pemba Municipality. Stakeholders’ theory supported the study, and a descriptive approach was applied with qualitative and quantitative methods to achieve the objectives above. A sample of 100 participants, distributed across the entire Pemba city municipality with ten neighborhoods were identified using a simple non-random probabilistic technique. The sample was extracted from the study's target population, the total number of 122652 people registered as voters in the 2018 electoral census. Then, semi-structured questionnaires were administrated to gather data from the participants. A deductive approach was applied for the analysis and interpretation of the qualitative data gathering, and quantitative was done through the help of the SPSS program. The study revealed that existing public policies have a significant and positive influence on budget formulation in Pemba Municipality. The results showed that the F-statistic's significance level (p-value) is 0.003, which is less than the usual cutoff of 0.05. This low p-value suggests that at least one of the predictors significantly contributes to explaining the variance in budget formulation, indicating that the regression model as a whole is statistically significant. The research concluded that the level of public involvement is a key determinant in the effectiveness and fairness of budget formulation in Pemba Municipality. The recommendations that Government of Mozambique should enhance existing public policies to further institutionalize public participation in budget formulation. This includes revising legal provisions to mandate structured participation at all stages of the budget cycle and ensuring that local governments like Pemba Municipality are empowered and obligated to implement these provisions consistently. Stakeholders and municipal leaders should adopt more inclusive strategies to increase the participation of marginalized and underrepresented groups, including women, youth, and rural residents.
Women Leadership in Elective Positions in Kenya: A Case of Nyamira County
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Ongeri,Thomas Otete
Despite constitutional and institutional frameworks aimed at promoting gender equality in Kenya, women’s representation in elective political positions remains critically low, especially at the county level. The underrepresentation of women in elective leadership is a global challenge to the realization of gender equality and inclusive governance. This study investigates the drivers of women’s leadership in elective positions in Nyamira County. The specific objectives include the influence of cultural, economic and political factors on women’s pursuit and attainment of elective offices. Anchored in Patriarchy and Feminist Theories, the study employed a descriptive survey design targeting 384 registered voters across the county’s four constituencies. The study used structured questionnaires and interview schedules to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for quantitative analysis, while qualitative responses were examined thematically. The findings reveal that entrenched patriarchal norms, traditional gender roles, cultural taboos and exclusionary political party structures continue to suppress women’s leadership ambitions. The study also found that, economically, limited access to financial capital, land ownership disparities, and the cost-intensive nature of political campaigns disproportionately affect women candidates. Politically, the study uncovers systematic exclusion of women in party nominations, limited media visibility and heightened vulnerability to electoral violence and character assassination. The study concluded that entrenched cultural resistance to female candidacy, financial inequities in campaign mobilization and political party biases significantly perpetuate systemic discrimination against women in leadership engagement. The report suggests that political parties, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), and the Kenyan Parliamentcounty governments, and gender advocacy organizations prioritize the implementation of gender-responsive policies and legal reforms. The study also recommends deliberate policy enforcement, targeted civic education, economic empowerment programs, gender-sensitive electoral reforms and the institutionalization of quota systems. It further calls for sustained political will and policy enforcement to dismantle the patriarchal structures that hinder women's leadership. The research contributes to the discourse on gender, governance and politics in Kenya and offers practical recommendations for policymakers, political actors and civil society to bridge the gender leadership gap at the county level
Information Management in the Context of Community Policing and Crime Prevention in Meru County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Philp Boen
Evidence on effectiveness of community policing information management system on crime prevention in Meru County is not clearly documented. This study will help to gain insight into role of community policing information management on crime prevention in Meru County. The study sets out to: examine how intelligence gathering affect crime prevention in Meru, Kenya, interrogate data profiling of criminals in relation to crime prevention in Meru County, assess effect of data processing in crime prevention in Meru County and to establish how information sharing affect crime prevention in Meru County. The research will use social disorganization theory. Descriptive research design will be applied. The research will target about 160 residents residing in Meru County Kenya. The piloting was will be conducted using 14 respondents which are 10% of the sample size. Key informants will be drawn from the community policing members in Meru and National Police Service members. The sampling of the respondents will be done by stratified random sampling technique while the informants will be purposively sampled. The study will utilize quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Data collection will be done by use of questionnaire and structured interviews. Secondary data will be gathered using a thematic review of related literature on community policing and crime prevention. Consultation between the researcher and the supervisor will ensure content validity and guarantee that the research instrument measure what they intend to. Descriptive statistics will be used in presenting quantitative data in form of tables while qualitative data will be analyzed using content analysis.
Working Conditions and Performance of Nyamira County Assembly Employees, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Nyabuto, Markphine Kerubo
The working conditions for employees of the Nyamira County Assembly are comparable to those in other county governments. The factors that contribute to suboptimal employee performance include an inadequate physical work environment, lack of job security, and excessive workloads. Counties have made efforts to improve these conditions, but many staff members continue to experience challenges due to insufficient infrastructure and limited resources, which affect efficient job performance. Additionally, a growing imbalance between professional and personal life has negatively affected the productivity of the employee. These challenges raise concerns about the effectiveness of service delivery within the county assembly. This research aimed to investigate the association between employee productivity and the work environment in Nyamira County Assembly. The study assesses how employee performance is affected by the physical workspace, job security, work-life balance, and workload. The research design used in the study was descriptive. The sampled respondents included assembly employees, 43 administrative staff, 58 support staff and 12 legislative assistants. A questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data. Regression analysis, mean, and standard deviation were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Content analysis was used for the study of qualitative data. Ethical considerations for the study included informed consent, confidentiality, objectivity and anonymity. The findings of the study indicated that Nyamira County assembly employees' working conditions affect their performance. Job security was identified⁠ as the most influential factor, which shows its critical role in promoting employee commitment and productivity. A supportive physical work environment, robust job security, and effective work-life balance are strongly associated with enhanced employee performance. The study recommends that the county prioritise improvements in office space and implement noise reduction measures to optimise⁠ the physical work environment. Furthermore, management should communicate and consistently enforce job retention and career progression policies to strengthen job security.

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