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Item Nyumba Kumi Initiative and Maintenance of Public Order in Kitui County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Muthangya, Paul K.Security in Mutitu Sub-county has not been as desired due to different conflicts. Despite the adoption and implementation of community policing, and subsequently the ‘Nyumba kumi’ initiative to curb the vice at the grassroots level, insecurity is still taunting locals. This study aimed to establish the initiative’s put in place and their effect in maintaining public order by Nyumba Kumi Initiative. The research objectives were to evaluate the effect of conflict mitigation strategies, stakeholder participation, intelligence gathering and stakeholder training in the maintenance of public order. The study was anchored on public participation and street level bureaucracy theory. Descriptive research design was employed. The research targeted 440 respondents which included National Government Administrative officers, National Police service officers, village elders, and Nyumba Kumi leaders. Purposive and random sampling was used to select the respondents; a total of 108 respondents formed the sample size out of the 138 questionnaires distributed. ANOVA test on various aspects of the maintenance of public order was used to assess if there was a divergent opinion among the various groups of people involved in the Nyumba Kumi initiative. Also, dominant themes were used to present the content analysis of some crucial factors that may affect the outcomes obtained. Ethical considerations of anonymity and confidentiality were adhered to. The study found that alternative dispute resolution techniques were used to mitigate conflicts in the sub-county. It was done through mediation, negotiation, and arbitration. It was also noted that, the members of the general public were not open to consulting with the members of the security due to fear, and the key method of public participation was through public barazas. Additionally, intelligence gathering within the Nyumba Kumi framework was noted to be partially effective, with technological advancements offering some support, but challenges remain in ensuring adequate whistleblower protection and adherence to legal provisions. Furthermore, stakeholder training was highlighted as inconsistent and hindered by limited government support, lack of resources, and communication gaps. Addressing these barriers could improve training effectiveness and strengthen security efforts. Despite the noted challenges, the Nyumba Kumi initiative has contributed positively to peaceful co-existence and significantly reduced crimes in the Mutitu sub-county communityItem Organizational Communication and Performance of Employees in Wajir County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Abdi, Mohammed AdowPublic institutions in Kenya grapple with serious challenges in organizational communication over clarity, efficiency, and information dissemination channels, which, in turn, have an adverse effect on decision-making, productivity, and employee morale. In counties such as Wajir, where issues of geography, culture, and infrastructure add to the communication challenges, the primary objective of this study is to assess organizational communication and performance in Wajir County, Kenya. The study sought to assess the effect of clarity in communication, efficiency in communication, and overload of information, on an employee-based performance in Wajir County. The theoretical framework for the study consisted of relevant systems theory and the Social Information Processing (SIP) Theory. The descriptive research design was used in guiding all 4,100 employees working in various county departments and offices, while Yamane (1970) formula gave a sample of 364 respondents through both proportionate stratified and random sampling techniques. The quantitative data was gathered through a semi structured questionnaire. In addition to the questionnaire, qualitative data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with a select group of department heads and managers. The pilot study was carried out with a sample 36 respondents who are similar to the actual participants in Wajir County. The quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and standard deviations were used to summarize the responses from the questionnaire, providing an overview of the central tendencies and distributions of the key variables’ clarity, efficiency, information overload, channels of communication, and employee performance. For qualitative data analysis, the responses from semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Thematic analysis involved identifying and coding key themes related to the research objectives, such as communication clarity, information overload, and the effectiveness of communication channels. The study concludes that key dimensions of organizational communication significantly influence employee performance within Wajir County. Employees generally perceive communication as clear, particularly concerning direct supervisory interactions and task instructions, which is crucial for understanding roles and expectations. Similarly, communication processes are largely seen as efficient, enabling prompt access to necessary information and effective utilization of communicationItem Citizen Satisfaction with Electronic-Government Services: A Case Study of Huduma Centre Mombasa(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Grace Faith MwendwaGovernments worldwide have increasingly turned to Information Communication Technology (ICT) to modernize public sector operations, a process widely known as e-government. E-government seeks to improve citizen satisfaction, cut down on inefficiencies, and improve service delivery. Perceived service value has an impact on e-government service quality and citizens’ willingness to continue using digital platforms. However, traditional government services have historically faced challenges such as corruption, bureaucracy, nepotism, weak ethics, political interference, and rigid legal structures, which discourage both citizens and investors. These inefficiencies are often worsened by bribery and lack of transparency. The study focused on e-government service delivery at the Huduma Centre and specific objectives to assess effects of user skills, information sources, value for money, and system reliability on the effectiveness of e-government services. The study was guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and primarily anchored on Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECP), supported by the UTAUT. Using descriptive design, study targeted 85 respondents through a census approach. A pilot study involving 10 participants was conducted. Questionnaires were used to collect data, while SPSS version 26 facilitated analysis. Results shows that system reliability plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of e-government services, influencing citizens’ decisions to use them. Additionally, user skills had strong positive correlation with uptake of e-government platforms. Results also revealed that access to accurate and adequate information is significantly associated with the utilization of digital services. Furthermore, value for money emerged as a key factor influencing users’ perceptions of e- services. The analysis came to the conclusion that system reliability, user skills, information provision, and value for money are crucial determinants of successful e-government adoption. It recommended that governments should invest in strengthening system reliability, enhancing digital literacy among users, and ensuring transparency to maximize the benefits of e-government. By addressing these factors, public institutions can foster greater trust, efficiency, and citizen engagement in digital service delivery.Item Total Quality Management Practices and Service Delivery in Health Care Sector at Machakos County Level V Hospital(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mbaluto, Evan MuuoTotal Quality Management (TQM) is widely adopted to enhance service delivery through continuous improvement, effective communication, employee involvement, and customer-centered systems. While progress has been made globally and locally, many healthcare facilities still face challenges such as limited resources, leadership gaps, and increasing patient demands. In Kenya, these challenges persist in county hospitals, including Machakos Level V Hospital, a key referral and teaching facility. Understanding how TQM practices affect service delivery in such a context is therefore essential. This study examined the effect of managerial commitment, customer focus, and internal communication on service delivery at Machakos Level V Hospital. Guided by Deming’s Theory of Quality Management and Customer Focus Theory, the study used a descriptive research design. The target population was 728 staff members, from which a sample uof 171 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling, while six management representatives were purposively selected for interviews. Data were collected using structured qestionnaires and interview guides, then analyzed using SPSS through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Findings showed that all three TQM components had a significant positive effect on service delivery, with customer focus showing the strongest effect, followed by internal communication and managerial commitment. Strengths were identified in interpersonal care and supportive leadership, while gaps persisted in performance monitoring, patient feedback integration, and stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that strengthening TQM practices is essential for improving service delivery at Machakos Level V Hospital. It recommends enhancing leadership accountability, institutionalizing patient-centered systems, improving monitoring and evaluation processes, and integrating TQM within county health management strategies to support more efficient and responsive healthcare servicesItem Public Participation and Formulation of Finance Bills in Kiambu County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Mwangi, Simeon MwauraThere is scarce data and literature available concerning the effect of public involvement on the development of finance bills. This study aims to examine how public participation influences the creation of finance bills, specifically within Kiambu County. The investigation was directed by the following objectives: to explore the effect of the level of public participation on the formulation of finance bills in Kiambu County, to establish the effect of the approaches employed in public participation on the formulation of finance bills in Kiambu County and to examine the effect of the uptake of public participation on finance bills in Kiambu County. A descriptive study design was adopted, targeting participants from Kiambu County in Thika Sub-County. The target population for the study was obtained from the attendance register (93) of those who participated in the public participation exercise during the formulation of the finance bill. The working sample size (73) was derived through the Krejcie and Morgan sampling technique. The sampled citizen respondents were engaged through a semi-structured questionnaire. The researcher also intends to interview government officials purposively sampled as key informants in the research. The study adhered to ethical guidelines. The researcher requested permission and approval to conduct the study from Kenyatta University, the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI), and the Kiambu County government. Informed consent, confidentiality, and voluntary participation were ensured, with data collected respectfully and used solely for academic purposes. The data collected from the research were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A thematic approach was adopted in analyzing qualitative data, while Content analysis was used to analyze secondary data. The theoretical framework underpinning this research was grounded in stakeholder theory. The study found high voter turnout (91.7%) but lower civic engagement (65% attend public meetings). MCAs and friends were key information sources, while traditional media played a minor role. Public participation improved governance but faced barriers like poor communication, transport issues, and political interference. Voting did not impact satisfaction with finance bill formulation, but regular participation did. Incentives had little effect, while access to relevant materials improved engagement. Many participants felt excluded, with limited feedback from county officials, highlighting gaps in transparency and accountability. Following the findings of this study, the county government should enhance accessibility, inclusivity, and transparency in public participation by addressing logistical barriers, improving information dissemination, and strengthening feedback mechanisms.Item Resource-Based Conflict and Education Access in Secondary Schools in Laikipia County, Kenya.(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Maina, Eric KamauEducation is a fundamental right that must not be ignored in any context. Nevertheless, existing political circumstances like resource-based conflicts have significantly hindered teachers, families, students, and other important stakeholders from achieving this objective. This research aimed to examine the connection between resource-based conflicts and access to education in Laikipia County. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of ethnicity on educational access in secondary schools within Laikipia County, Kenya. The second aim was to assess the impact of agro-pastoral conflicts on educational access. Additionally, the research sought to evaluate how cattle rustling affects access to education. Finally, the investigation focused on the implications of small arms proliferation on educational access in Laikipia County, Kenya. The theoretical framework included Conflict Theories, Socio-Cultural Theory, and Rational Choice Theory. A mixed-methods approach was utilized to collect both qualitative and quantitative data, guided by four independent variables: ethnicity, agro-pastoral conflict, cattle rustling, and the proliferation of small arms. The study has one dependent variable which is education access. The study's target population was identified through the stratified random sampling method, which categorized participants into distinct groups, including school principals, heads of households, security personnel, and representatives from teachers' unions. The sample size was determined to be approximately 236 respondents, with data gathered via semi-structured questionnaires that featured both open-ended and Likert scale items. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and regression models for quantitative data, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The information was systematically coded and organized into themes and visual representations. The results indicated that over 75% of respondents acknowledged that factors such as ethnicity, agro-pastoral conflicts, cattle rustling, and the spread of small arms adversely affect access to education in secondary schools within Laikipia County, Kenya. This study concludes that Inter-ethnic clashes have indeed impacted student’s ability to access education, frequent land invasions by pastoralists and farmers have disrupted educational activities in secondary schools in Laikipia County, and cattle rustling in these regions have increased the likelihood of attacks which has resulted in drastic impact on secondary school education and proliferations of small arms have increased incidences of violent crimes to secondary schools in Laikipia County. The research suggests that the Ministry of Education ought to extend necessary support to regions impacted by inter-ethnic conflicts. Additionally, the Laikipia County government should implement development policies and land tenure systems that adequately acknowledge the needs and interests of pastoralists, alongside those of agriculturalists, ranchers, and urban populations.Item Gender Mainstreaming Strategies and Combating Gender-Based Violence in Homa Bay County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Guya, Levy AbrahamGender-based violence continues to affect many people around the world. While there has been broad research to understand gender-based violence, there is limited evidence to show the effect of gender mainstreaming strategies in combating gender-based violence in Homa Bay County. The study objectives were: To evaluate the effect of gender-responsive budgeting, strengthening policy frameworks, gender integration and awareness campaigns in combating gender-based violence in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Social Learning theory and Structural Violence theory. The study adopted descriptive research design and ex-facto research design. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used. The research targeted 300 respondents including; County Executive Committee (CEC) Member Gender, Youth, Sports Talent Development, Culture Heritage and Social Services, Chief Officer Department of Gender, Youth, Sports Talent Development, Culture Heritage and Social Services, Director Gender and Inclusivity employees in the department, law enforcement, healthcare providers, community-based organizations (CBO) representatives, and GBV survivors. The study had a sample size of 171 respondents. Questionnaires, interview guides and Focus Group Discussions aided in collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. Pilot study was conducted in Kisumu County among 17 respondents. Content, face and construct validity were used. Test-retest reliability was adopted. The collected data was analyzed with the SPSS version 26 and Nvivo Software. Tables, charts and graphs were used to present the data. The study ensured informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity when collecting and processing the data. The study findings showed that gender-responsive budgeting, policy framework, gender integration and awareness campaigns had a positive significant relationship toward combating gender-based violence. The study concluded that gender mainstreaming strategies are crucial in combating gender-based violence. It emphasized the need for inclusion of gender priorities in the budgeting process through GRB, strengthening policy frameworks, enhanced gender integration and raising awareness campaigns through aspects of inclusivity, coordination, and community sensitization to mitigate the ever-challenging GBV issue. The study recommended that there is need for institutionalization of gender mainstreaming strategies, enhanced sensitization and public education at community level and informed coordination and community involvement in enforcing strengthened policies. There should be ample funding, inclusive planning and transparency through GRB. Also, continuous training and capacity building for county officials and stakeholders should be carried out to enhance accountability, policy implementation, and the effectiveness of GBV prevention efforts.Item Internal Whistleblowing and Its Effects on Tax Evasion; a Case of Kenya Revenue Authority, Nairobi, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Ndwiga, Emily GaturiThe Government of Kenya, through the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA), has implemented a range of measures aimed at detecting and mitigating tax evasion. These involve legislative changes, administrative and financial processes and improvement of procedural systems. KRA is an independent revenue collector and has worked with less political influence with the aim of mitigating the issue of chronic tax evasion. In spite of such concerted efforts, the practice of tax evasion is still a serious issue.This study examines the factors influencing tax evasion at KRA, Nairobi, Kenya, focusing on four key objectives: assessing the effect of demographic factors, organizational commitment, personal responsibility, and personal values on tax evasion. The target population consisted of 285 internal employees engaged in intelligence-gathering activities within KRA. A sample of 86 respondents was derived using the stratified random sampling technique, representing 30% of the target population, in accordance with Mugenda and Mugenda (2003), who recommends 10–30% as an adequate sample for descriptive studies. The study was guided by the Prosocial Behavior Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior, which provided a basis for understanding the motivations behind whistleblowing in a tax environment. A descriptive research design was adopted, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data from interviews were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns, perceptions, and experiences related to tax evasion and whistleblowing behavior. The findings indicated that demographic characteristics particularly age, education and work experience have a major role in shaping the emotions of the employees regarding tax evasion. Employees who are highly educated were more likely to comply with taxes. The aspect of organizational commitment also proved to be a resolutive aspect, and the workers who demonstrated loyalty and commitment to the ethical mission of KRA were less prone to involvement in fraudulent activities. Another important predictor was personal responsibility whereby those who believed that tax compliance was a moral obligation were more likely to observe ethical standards. Further, other personal values like integrity and honesty contributed significantly to the behavior of tax compliance. The results of the study coincide with previous studies. Alm and McClellan (2021) emphasized the influence of demographic factors on tax compliance, as education level was also associated with the tendency to evade taxes (the higher education levels, the less). Likewise, Kirchler et al. (2020) highlighted the significance of organizational commitment as a factor that encourages tax compliance, which justifies the findings of this study. Through their study, Torgler and Schneider (2019) also substantiated their findings by showing that personal values have a significant impact on the tax morale, which supports the importance of ethics in compliance behavior. Overall, the paper has shown that there is a mix of demographic, organizational and personal factors that affect tax evasion at KRA. In the effort to contain tax evasion, KRA needs to enhance ethical training, drive organizational commitment by engaging and rewarding employees, and inculcate the culture of responsibility. The research recommended that KRA should adopt specific awareness campaigns to enhance tax collection, improve measures to inculcate employee loyalty and incorporate moral aspects in the hiring as well as training of staff members.Item Administration of County Government Bursary Fund and Retention of Secondary School Students in Kwale County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Ngando, Hussein LeliEducation remains a cornerstone for socio-economic development, and government intervention in its provision continues to be vital, particularly in developing countries. In Kenya, both the national and county governments have implemented various interventions such as bursaries and scholarships to promote equitable access to education. Kwale County Government allocates approximately Ksh. 400 million annually to bursaries and scholarships aimed at ensuring that every school-age child has an equal opportunity to pursue education. Despite this investment, the bursary fund is equally distributed among the 20 wards, regardless of population differences. This has led to inequitable access, where students from densely populated wards often receive inadequate allocations or no support at all. Previous studies have identified such inequitable allocation, along with issues like late disbursement and insufficient funding, as major barriers to effective bursary programs. However, most existing research has focused on CDF bursaries, with limited attention given to county-level bursary administration. This study therefore seeks to evaluate the extent to which the administration of the Kwale County bursary enhances retention in secondary schools, focusing on Matuga Sub-County. Specifically, it analyses the distribution of bursary funds, assess the timing of fund disbursement, evaluate the adequacy of bursary funds and examine the allocation criteria and their overall impact on retention of students in schools. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting 5,988 form three and four students, 29 principals, 5 ward administrators, and the County Bursary Committee (CBC) chairperson. A sample of 357 students was selected using Krejcie and Morgan’s formula, with stratified sampling for principals and total sampling for the ward administrators, and the CBC chairperson. Data collection involved questionnaires and interviews, with a pre-test conducted in Dr. Babla Diani and Bongwe Secondary Schools to ensure validity and reliability. Data collected was analysed using SPSS, applying descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The outcomes unmasked clear administrative concerns including equity, delayed disbursement, insufficient fund as well as reluctance in adhering to the allocation criteria. The recommends equitable allocation of funds, synchronization of the program with the school calendar, increased funding and strict adherence to award criteria to better retain students in secondary schools. The findings obtained are expected to guide policy adjustments to improve educational equity, access and retention in Kwale County and similar regions.Item Empowerment Program Strategies and Financial Inclusion of Women in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Keter, Gideon KipkemoiWomen in Nairobi County’s informal settlements continue to face persistent inequalities in accessing and benefiting from formal financial services. Despite the presence of mobile money innovations and empowerment initiatives, most women in these areas remain excluded from mainstream financial systems, limiting their economic opportunities and resilience. This study examined the effect of empowerment program strategies on the financial inclusion of women in informal settlements within Nairobi County. The aim was to determine how financial services access, financial literacy training, vocational skills development, and social empowerment influence women’s participation in formal financial systems. The study was grounded in Financial Intermediation Theory, Empowerment Theory, and Social Capital Theory. The target population comprised adult women residing in the eighteen villages of Kibera Constituency who were eligible to participate in empowerment programmes such as financial literacy training, vocational skills development, and microfinance initiatives. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted, and a sample size of 397 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling to ensure adequate representation. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modeling. The study established that financial services access, financial literacy training, vocational skills development, and social empowerment all positively influence women’s financial inclusion in Kibera. Access to formal financial products strengthens financial participation, financial literacy enhances decision-making capability, vocational skills expand income opportunities, and social empowerment builds confidence and autonomy in financial engagement. The study concludes that integrated empowerment strategies are necessary to improve women’s financial participation in informal settlements. It recommends improving access to affordable financial services, expanding continuous financial literacy programmes, strengthening market-linked vocational training, and enhancing social empowerment initiatives to promote sustainable financial inclusion and economic independence among women in Nairobi’s informal urban settings.Item Reunification Process of Unclaimed Financial Assets and Its Success Rate in Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Njoroge, Elizabeth WambuiThis study explored the effect of the reunification process of unclaimed financial assets on its success rate in Kenya. The management of these assets in Kenya is governed by the unclaimed financial assets act 2011.The act establishes the UFAA which is the authority given the responsibility to manage these assets. In addition, the act establishes the UFATF. The UFATF is the fund that holds the unclaimed financial assets under the management of the UFAA. Despite the establishment of UFFA, reports have shown that there are still worries concerning the under-declaration of these assets and there is still a low re-unification with the proprietors. Past studies have focused on the effect of unclaimed financial assets on the financial performance of various institutions. The study was on reunification process of unclaimed financial assets on the reunification success rate. The objectives were to determine the effect of the search for unclaimed financial assets, the claims filling process, and other collaborative initiatives on the success rate of reunification in Kenya. Theories were theory of escheatment. The study design was descriptive. Census sampling was used to sample all the 32 employees as respondents in the study. A questionnaire and an interview schedule were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics through multiple linear regression were utilized in analyzing the data. The study established that search for unclaimed assets claim filling process and collaboration initiative had significant influence on the success rate of reunification in Kenya. P-values were less than the adopted threshold P <0.05) hence all the null hypothesis were rejected. The study endorsed that in order to ensure better transparency to the authority by holders of the actions taken to contact specific clients prior to surrendering assets to the UFAA, the Unclaimed Financial Authority (UFAA) should create robust systems. Additionally, the UFAA should put up a system for the prudent handling of unclaimed financial assets across all industries. Additionally, the authority has to implement consistent accounting and reporting standards for these assets across all industries and run effective public education and financial literacy initiatives. Laws and regulations on such assets should be reviewed to revise the charges incurred in the claiming process.Item Corporate Governance Practices and Solid Waste Management: A Case of Nairobi City County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Kedipa, Michael KasilonThe management of solid waste remains a major challenge in emerging economies. Globally, countries continue to struggle with disposal and overall management of millions of tons of waste in cities and the need to manage the same sustainably. The management of this waste has attracted enhanced attention as tons upon tons of it lie uncollected across streets. This inconveniences human life, pollutes the environment and poses a greater public health risk to the population. Municipal authorities’ limited capacity to collect and dispose solid waste safely coupled with exponential growth of African cities population has brought about the growing problem of managing solid waste. Nairobi City, with an estimated population of over 4.4 million, generates solid waste of about 2,400 metric tons daily. At least 20% of this waste is plastic. The capacity to manage all this waste effectively, rapid increase in the population and a myriad of challenges in the management of solid waste, increases the degradation of the environment. One of the key components of effective solid waste management is good governance. This research aimed to investigate the influence of corporate governance on solid waste management in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specific objectives of the research were to investigate the influence of decision-making, resource allocation, implementation plan and board composition on solid waste management. Stewardship and Resource Dependence theories anchored the study. Descriptive research design, simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to meet the research objectives’ requirements. The study targeted 300 members of staff who were drawn from solid waste department of Nairobi City County and National Environmental Management Authority officials. Data was gathered through a closed questionnaire from a sample size of 90. Of these, there were 74 respondents representing a response rate of 82.2%. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. From the results, it emerged that decision-making (B = .214, p = .001), resource allocation (B = .258, p = .000) and board composition (B = .463, p = .000) positively and significantly influenced solid waste management in Nairobi City County. On the other hand, the implementation plan was not found to be statistically significant to the management of solid waste (B = .099, p = .130). The research concluded that proper decision-making and resource allocation as well as board composition, were useful to the management of solid waste. These factors were found to save time, control overspending, and allocate resources as they were needed for the purposes of solid waste management. Additionally, these also contributed to efficiency and better service delivery for the management of solid waste. The study recommends that there is a need for the county government of Nairobi to use budgets prudently and communicate effectively with the public on various plans for solid waste management. Further, the study recommends that the department should seek more partnerships with local and international agencies as well as better national government collaboration and better planning in general. Future research should consider examining additional governance factors, including leadership styles, accountability mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement, to provide a better understanding of their influence on solid waste management.Item Action aid international Kenya’s initiatives in fostering good governance in Garissa County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2026-11) Mohamed, Ahmed DahirGood governance is one of the most important dimensions within sustainable development since it ensures that there is transparency, accountability, and public participation in governance. In the case of Garissa County, there are still challenges with regard to governance, such as poor participation processes, poor linkage to legal aid services, and poor accountability processes. To this end, ActionAid International Kenya had been carrying out various interventions aimed at improving governance; however, the impact had not been scientifically tested. The research therefore, aimed to establish the impact that grassroots advocacy and mobilization efforts by ActionAid International Kenya had on good governance practices within Garissa County. The research was anchored on the principles outlined within the Participatory Governance Theory and Accountability Theory. The research was qualitative and descriptive in nature since it sought to establish the impact that grassroots mobilization had on stakeholders within the organizational setup. The research had 300 study targets that comprised staff within ActionAid International Kenya and other stakeholders like county officials and CMD officials. A 177 study sample was randomly picked through stratified sampling techniques. The research made use of scientific questionnaires since it was reliable due to pilot study validation. The quantitative study made use of Pearson Correlation and was carried out utilizing the Windows version 26 SPSS computer application package. The results revealed that grassroots advocacy had a medium positive impact on good governance (Mean = 3.40), and there was a significant correlation (r = 0.507, p < 0.05), especially with regard to raising civic awareness and participation. Legal empowerment had a positive impact (Mean = 3.26), and there was also a significant correlation (r = 0.548, p < 0.05), especially with regard to raising concerns about human rights and justice. Community mobilization had the strongest impact (Mean = 3.33), with significant correlation (r = 0.614, p < 0.05), indicating the process’s emphasis on giving more voice to the people. The conclusion is that ActionAid International Kenya has made significant contributions to the enhancement of good governance in the territory of Garissa County through grassroots advocacy, legal empowerment, and community mobilization.Item Cash Transfer Programmes Effects on the Livelihood of the Special Interest Groups: A Case of Kiambu County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Kiluti, Priscillar MutethyaCash Transfer Programmes (CTPs) have turned into indispensable emerging interventions to challenge socio-economic inequalities and sustain the vulnerable people in the community. These programs target the elderly, persons living with severe disabilities and orphaned children residing in Kiambu County, Kenya specifically to reduce poverty and increase overall well-being. Despite their implementation, challenges remain in achieving meaningful economic empowerment and social inclusion. This study assessed the effects of CTPs in the improvement of the livelihoods of these special interest groups in Kiambu County. The study research objectives were to examine the influence of cash transfer programme on the social inclusion of special interest groups , assess the effect of cash transfer programmes on the education levels of beneficiaries, determine the influence of cash transfer programmes on poverty levels among special interest groups, and to establish the overall impact of cash transfer programmes on livelihood outcomes of the special interest groups in Kiambu County. The study was conducted among the elderly population aged 70 years and above, orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) below age 18, as well as persons living with severe disabilities beneficiaries pf cash transfer in Kiambu County. The study employed quantitative method with a cross-sectional research design whereby the respondents of n=384 were drawn using stratified random sampling across fifteen sub-counties in Kiambu County. Data were collected using Structured questionnaires and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23) software was employed to describe the output indicators, including beneficiary coverage, transfer frequency and quantity of transfers, disbursement modalities as well as program awareness. The research was guided by Resilience Theory to investigate how beneficiaries cope with and apply cash transfers to increase their socio-economic resilience. The extent to which cash transfers affect the relationship of beneficiaries with varied social and economic spheres were examined through the Disengagement Theory. Progressive Utilization Theory indicated how the beneficiaries’ utilized cash transfer proceeds over time to maximize their well-being. The findings guide the refinement of the CTP delivery, addressing challenges and preparing for stronger social protection initiatives in Kiambu County. Findings revealed that social inclusion through CTPs improved the livelihoods of special interest groups by enhancing community participation. However, economic support alone was insufficient for full social integration, emphasizing the need for community engagement initiatives. CTPs alleviated poverty by increasing financial stability, reducing dependence on loans and improved access to essential services. Education levels influenced beneficiaries' ability to utilize financial aid effectively and enhanced community participation. CTPs improved access to education by covering school-related costs, fostering better learning outcomes. In conclusion, CTPs played a critical role in reducing stigma, strengthening social relationships and improving financial security, although challenges such as resource distribution tensions and shifting household dynamics persisted. Sustainable improvements require complementary programs such as skills training and employment opportunities to address economic and social barriers, maximizing the long-term impact of financial support programs on vulnerable populations.Item Influence of the Inua Jamii Program on the Welfare of Its Beneficiaries in Mvita Constituency, Mombasa County(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Mwanyuma, Eddy MeleMost countries, particularly developing nations, face high poverty levels, extreme hunger, and socio-economic vulnerability due to various factors. To address these issues, governments have introduced social protection programs, with a focus on cash transfer initiatives. These cash transfer programs aim to provide direct and regular payments to the poor and vulnerable, including people with disabilities, the elderly, and orphans, to meet their basic needs. The importance of the study was to determine the influence of the Inua Jamii Program on the welfare of its beneficiaries in Mvita Constituency, Mombasa County on three objectives that are overall health, financial independence and on social participation. The study will sort to aid in improving the social protection programs with the bigger role of reducing extreme poverty and high dependency rates and it is based on two theories which are Theory for change and Resilience theory. A sample size of 311 respondents was obtained from a target population of 1,394 of the people of Mvita who are above seventy years of age and hence are eligible to benefit from the Inua Jamii program. This study adopted a purposive sampling technique, which was deemed most appropriate given the nature of the research. The data was collected using questionnaires and was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The pilot testing was done at Changamwe Constituency from a sample of 31 respondents which present 10% of the sample size. Further, the study will perform inferential analysis which will involve the use of chi square and Multiple linear regression. A p value of 0.05 was used to determine if there is any statistical relationship between the parameters of the study. The study will seek approval from ERC in Kenyatta University and NACOSTI to conduct the study. The analysis spans descriptive and inferential methodologies, utilizing survey data and regression analysis to assess program outcomes. Key findings reveal significant positive impacts on financial assistance, security, and basic needs met, though challenges persist in social engagement and community integration. Comparative insights from global social support programs underscore opportunities for enhancement in financial literacy, social activity promotion, and inclusive community strategies. The Pearson Chi-Square value is 18.577 with 6 degrees of freedom and an asymptotic significance (2-sided) of 0.001, indicating a statistically significant relationship between the program's influence and the overall health of the elderly. The Inua Jamii program has notably improved financial independence among elderly beneficiaries in Mvita Constituency, evidenced by positive perceptions of financial assistance, security, and basic needs fulfillment. However, mixed responses regarding social engagement highlight areas for improvement. Drawing from successful global models, such as Brazil's Bolsa Família and India's social pension programs, enhancing financial literacy, expanding social activity opportunities, and fostering community inclusion could optimize program effectiveness. Addressing these aspects could further enhance the program's impact on the overall welfare of elderly beneficiaries. To enhance the Inua Jamii program's effectiveness, it is recommended to implement targeted strategies: Enhance Social Engagement: Develop comprehensive strategies to promote social activities and community involvement among elderly beneficiaries, ensuring inclusivity and meaningful participation. These steps align with global best practices and could significantly enhance the program's ability to support elderly beneficiaries' financial independence and overall welfareItem Workforce Retention Strategies and Performance of Kenya Revenue Authority Employees(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Nyarongi, Desmond RasuguWorkforce retention problems at Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) have impeded employee performance. KRA, a key agency charged with revenue collection, has a mandate that is critical to the nation's development, yet retaining skilled personnel proves a challenge that could impact its efficiency in achieving revenue targets. As recent statistics show, KRA has had a turnover rate of almost 12% annually, affecting overall performance and increasing recruitment and training expenses. Therefore, the aim of the study was to fill in these gaps by investigating how career growth, recognition, benefits, and organizational culture impact employee performance of KRA. Thus, the study provided an exhaustive understanding of retention strategies within the context of a government agency. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, developed by Frederick Herzberg in 1959 and Goal Setting Theory, expounded on by Edwin Locke in the 1960s, will anchor this study. A descriptive research design will be adopted for this study. The study targeted 300 senior management staff, 1,200 middle management staff, and 5,000 operational employees. The sample size, calculated using Yamane's formula, was 376 respondents. This study developed structured questionnaires and interview guides as data collection instruments. The study data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, evaluating the relationship between the study variables. Descriptive statistics summarized the demographics and characteristics of the respondents. Inferential statistics assisted in making conclusions regarding the relationships between independent variables {career growth opportunities, employee recognition, employee benefits, and organization culture} and the dependent variable of employee performance. The findings showed that career growth opportunities positively influence performance; employees are motivated by the prospect of clear promotion paths, professional development programs, and mentoring. The study has also established that recognition is one of the key motivation factors affecting productivity. When employees feel appreciated and recognized for their contribution, they tend to perform better and show greater levels of engagement. The study further considered that employee benefits were found to influence performance through job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results demonstrated that a positive culture promoting teamwork, innovation, and open communication strongly supports employee performance. The study recommended that the Authority should consider technology-infused career development programs designed to link accessibility promotion growth and career opportunities with individual areas of interest. Knowledge programs may be expanded to incorporate peer-to-peer recognition systems and real-time digital acknowledgment platforms. KRA may want to consider setting in place some additional wellness programs such as mental health support and childcare services, which were identified by the employees as lacking.Item Effects of Farmer Socio-Demographics on Agricultural Projects in Kenya: Case of Narig Project in Makueni County(Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Ksee, Daniel Mutinda MuliFarmer socio-demographic factors have been shown to influence the performance of agricultural development projects while agricultural development projects have been used to accelerate agricultural growth in globally and in Kenya in order to support economic progress. There is however, little literature on the effects of the farmer socio-demographic factors on the performance of such projects in Kenya. This study aimed at assessing the effects of farmer socio-demographic factors on Agricultural projects in Kenya, using the case of the National Agriculture and Rural Inclusive Growth Project implemented in Makueni County. The objectives of the study were to assess the effects of age, levels of education, levels on income and household size on the performance of NARIG project in Makueni County. The study was based in Makueni County. The study utilized the Agrarian change theory by Boserup and the theory of planned behaviour as theoretical frameworks of the research. The research employed a descriptive survey design. The target population was the 18,754 farmers who have been implementing the project in the County. A stratified and purposive sampling design was utilized to pick 392 participants based on sample size determination as recommended by Naing. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, with the data being collected by research assistants to an online tool. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study utilized Python 3.11 as the primary programming language for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis used percentages, means and frequencies while inferential statistical analysis used Pearson correlation and both simple linear and multiple regression. Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that overall, the socio-demographic factors (age, level of education, level of income and household size) do not play a significant role in the performance of the project. However, there is a small positive correlation between age, level of income, secondary education and household size of five (5). Age has a small influence on project performance based on its regression coefficient. The study recommends that policy makers who are formulating agricultural projects and programmes should take into account the age of implementers of the project as this is likely to influence the project’s success. Policy makers need to find ways of including younger people in agriculture and implementation of agriculture development project.Item Business Operating Environment and Economic Inclusion of Persons with Disability in Kiambu County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Chege, Daniel MbuguaEntrepreneurs with disabilities in Kiambu County face myriad challenges in their quest for social inclusion, especially in market spaces. The lack of adequate and accessible infrastructure creates significant physical obstacles to their inclusion in the local business environment. This study aims to address these challenges by investigating the relationship between the business operating environment and the inclusion of PwD. The study sought to address four specific objectives; assess the effects of public procurement opportunities, fee exemption, space reservations, and market structural designs that affect inclusion among persons with disability in Ruiru Sub County, Kiambu County. The research was anchored in both the social and human rights models of disability, utilizing a descriptive study design and employing a mixed-methods approach. The target population of this study comprised 78 entrepreneurs with disability, 4 market masters, and 5 ward administrators from Ruiru Sub County, Kiambu County. Semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were used as the primary research instruments to gather comprehensive data. The study tool was pretested using 8 participants from Juja Sub- County in Kiambu County. Using the data obtained, construct and face validity was assessed. The study evaluated the reliability of the research instrument through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, while qualitative data was examined using a thematic analysis approach. Regarding ethical considerations, the researcher secured approval to carry out the study from Kenyatta University Ethics Review Committee and NACOSTI. The findings of this study may be used to improve business inclusion among persons with disability in Ruiru Sub County, Kiambu County. The study finds that poor enforcement, accessibility barriers, and low awareness limit PWD economic inclusion, despite supportive policies. The study recommends improving PWD inclusion through better enforcement, accessibility, training, and simplified processes.Item Effects of Work Environment, Job Stress, Remuneration and Work Life Balance on Desertions among Junior Officers in Disciplined Forces: The Case of Kenya Prisons Service(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Muema, Jennifer MwethyaThe main research objective was to ascertain the determinants of desertions among junior officers in disciplined forces; the case of Kenya Prisons Service. To determine the effect of work environment, job stress and remuneration on desertions among junior officers in Kenya Prisons Service. This research was underpinned on the reinforcement theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. A mixed research design was adopted. A total of 1062 respondents were surveyed. The research sample was chosen utilizing simple random sampling. The study sample was 400 participants. Questionnaires were employed to collect data. Utilizing SPSS version 23.0, the collected data was cleaned and coded. Descriptive statistics was employed to assess the quantitative data. Tables, graphs, bar and pie charts were employed to present the data. The association between the study variables was established using multiple regression analysis. Work environment had a negative and significant influence on desertions among junior officers in Kenya Prison Service. Job stress had a significant and positive influence on desertions among junior officers in disciplined forces. Remuneration had a significant and negative influence on desertions among junior officers in disciplined forces. Work life balance had a significant and negative influence on desertions among junior officers in disciplined forces. The study recommended that the prison service ought to invest in better infrastructure, including modern offices, training facilities, and appropriate equipment to improve day-to-day operations. There is need to establish mental health support services, including access to counselors and psychologists, to help officers manage stress effectively. Also, organize workshops focused on stress management techniques, resilience building, and coping strategies tailored for law enforcement. The study recommends that the prison service should regularly assess and compare the salaries of junior officers with those in similar roles within other law enforcement agencies and sectors to ensure competitiveness. The findings informed retention strategies in Kenya Prison Services.Item Community Policing and Crime Management in Mathare North Informal Settlement in Nairobi City, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Ireri, Jason KinyuaThe study sought to examine Community Policing (CP) and crime management in Mathare North informal settlement in Nairobi City, Kenya. The study focused on three critical relationships; (1) the effect of policing practices on crime management; (2) the effects of stakeholders’ attitudes on crime outcomes, and (3), the effect of joint partnerships (multi-stakeholder initiatives, including Nyumba Kumi) on crime management. Broken Windows and Social Capital Theories were used for conceptual framework which helped inform how policing practices, neighborhood security structures and community relations were interpreted. The study employed a cross-sectional mixed-method design, analyzing data from 382 valid respondents. These were drawn from security personnel, local administrators and community stakeholders. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, focusing on frequencies, percentages and multiple regression, while the qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The study was based in Mathare North, Nairobi, Kenya, because reports identified the area as one of the informal settlements with critical security risks, making it a suitable case study for assessing community-police approaches to crime control. Key findings captured in the study indicated that policing practices had a positive effect on crime management (regression B=0.953, p <.001), while stakeholders’ attitude b=0.016, p = .014) and joint partnership, (while small but statistically significant effect, p= .023) also led to improved crime outcomes. The participants acknowledged that, community policing initiatives contributed to trust and information sharing. They also agreed that joint patrols and partnerships are important in mitigating crime. This study recommends strengthening police-community collaboration, clarifying the role and governance of Nyumba Kumi structures ad conducting comparative studies across informal settlements to assess generalizability. The findings give a practical guidance for policymakers and local stakeholders seeking to improve security in the urban informal settlements.