MST-Department of Business Administration

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A survey of factors affecting safety and health practices of manufacturing firms' within the tea sector in Kenya:a case study of KTDA ltd managed factories, West of Rift
(2011-08-24) Koech, K. H.; Bett, S. K.; Murungi J.
This study intended to investigate the factors that affect safety and health practices of manufacturing firm's within the tea sector in Kenya by taking a survey study of KTDA Ltd managed factories, West of Rift. Traditionally, the company has enjoyed virtual monopoly in the tea sector which has grown over the years hence made Kenya a formidable world tea producer. However, competition from substitute products, new entrantsin tea business, supplier and demand bargaining power and competition rivalry have transformed the tea business environment. The objectives of the study were to investigate the factors of employee training, customer demands, Gov't legislation and adoption of requirements on ISO certification in work place safety and health practices. The significance of the study will be to KTDA top management and staff, the Gov't Especially the Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, potential investors intea beverage sub-sector and future researchers' interested in this field. The study adopted a descriptive research design using structured and unstructured questionnaires as an instrument for data collection. Three districts were used for the purposes of the study to identify a target population size of 1872. A further sample size of 192 respondents (48 managers, 48 supervisors and 96 workers) were selected using a stratified random method for the study as it gives every element an equal chance of inclusion in the stratum. The findings of the study were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics that included Frequency tables, graphs and pie charts based on the research questions designed at the beginning of the study and completed by the respondents. Conclusions and inferences were drawn from the results about the tea industry on safety and health practices. The researcher at the end of the study proved safety and health practices/standards are affected by the factors under study. Conversely, when an organization pursues favourable safety and health practices, it has a positive (+ve) effect on the employee and company performance even in a rival and competitive business environment.
Academic Self-Concept and Achievement Motivation as Predictors of Academic Achievement among Form Three Students in Secondary Schools in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Ndungu,Rahab Wanjiru
In present-day cultural and socio-economic context, the world is becoming more and more competitive. When education is regarded as a passage to affluence and a key factor for personal and social development, great emphasis is placed on students’ academic achievement throughout the learning process. Low academic achievement may negatively impact on learners’ psychological wellbeing and cause substantial stress on parents, who may subsequently pressurize their children to perform. There were many aspects that might have been associated with low academic achievement, including environmental, pedagogical and psychological factors. More specifically, this study focused on two psychological factors, namely achievement motivation, and academic self-concept (ASC) among learners in secondary schools. The purpose therefore was to determine the relationship between academic self-concept and achievement motivation on academic achievement among form three students in secondary schools in Kirinyaga East sub-county, Kirinyaga County. The objectives guiding the research aimed at determining the relationship between academic self-concept; achievement motivation and academic achievement, establish the prediction equation of academic achievement from academic self-concept, and achievement motivation, and to investigate if there was difference of gender in academic self-concept and academic motivation on academic achievement among form three students in secondary schools in Kirinyaga East sub-county. The study was founded on achievement motivation theory by McClelland (1953), and self-concept theory (1959) by Carl Rogers. Using correlational research design, the researcher targeted to draw inferences from a population of 2,500 students in form three across all public secondary schools in Kirinyaga East sub-county. Three hundred and eighty students from 11 schools were selected through proportionate, purposive, stratified and stratified random sampling techniques. A questionnaire incorporating adapted ASCA, and SAMRS scales, as well as end of term examination records were used as instruments. A Pilot study for instrument pretesting involved 40 form three students drawn from one school that was not selected for the main study. Central tendency, frequency counts and distribution variability were utilised as descriptive statistics, and correlation and multiple regression as inferential statistics. The results indicated that significant positive relationship was established between ASC and learners’ scores on academic achievement (r (359) = .14, p< 0.01). A positive and significant relationship was also established between learners’ achievement motivation and academic achievement scores (r (359) = .19, p< 0.01). Motivation, and creativity as domains of ASC were significantly correlated with scores on academic achievement, while among the domains of achievement motivation, significant correlation was noted between overcoming obstacles, goal orientation, learners’ scores on academic achievement. It was established that there was minimal predictive value of academic achievement from combined effect of academic self-concept, and achievement motivation. Significant differences in gender were established in both ASC, achievement motivation, and academic achievement favoring female students. Among the recommendations include the need for education ministry through its training and capacity building institutions to equip teachers with skills aimed at developing key components of ASC, and achievement motivation. The study further recommended that schools ought to promote instructional strategies aimed at promoting components of ASC and achievement motivation found to have been strongly linked to academic achievement. There was need for schools to devise practical intervention strategies targeted on boys as a measure of narrowing differences of gender in ASC, and achievement motivation.
Accounts Receivable Management and Financial Performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited, Embu County, Kenya.
(Kenyatta University, 2018-09) Munene, Francis
Accounts receivable represents money owed to a business in return for goods already delivered or services already rendered. Proper maintenance of accounts receivable helps an organization maintain customer loyalty, track customer credit and uncollected profits. However, many organizations nowadays encounter numerous challenges in regard to their invoicing and accounts receivable process. Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited operate in conditions which limit its ability to maximize revenues because of inadequate infrastructure coverage, dilapidated infrastructure that predispose the company to lose quite a big percentage of supplied water, and the inability to set economic water tariffs. This study sought to determine the effects of accounts receivable management on financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited, Embu County, Kenya. This study was guided by the following specific objectives: to examine the effects of inventory turnover period, average payment period, cash conversion period and average collection period on financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited, Embu County, Kenya. Theories guiding the study were operational motives theory, transactions cost theory and cash conversion cycle theory. This study adopted descriptive research to test the relationship variables of the study. The study used secondary data which was obtained from the accounts and finance departments. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data and presented in tables. The study established that inventory turnover in days has negative relationship with Return on Equity which means that companies financial performance can be increased by reducing inventory in days. Average collection period and current ratio was found to be significant positive association with Return on Equities, indicating that if time period of debtor’s payment is increased then overall financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited in Embu County, Kenya also improves. The study recommended that Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited should increase its average collection period, inventory turnover periods and cash conversion period in order to improve their financial performance. The study also recommends that there should be proper inventory management system in the organization to avoid over stock of inventory resulting efficient outcome of investment and engage in better relationship with those suppliers who allow long credit time period and those customers who allow short payment period.
The adequacy of the industrial attachment for the printing technician trainees
(2012-07-04) Mondwe, Jillo Reuben
The study sought to post-evaluate the adequacy of industrial attachment for the printing technician trainees. The study was restricted to Nairobi and not the whole country due to time and financial constraints. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The quota sampling method applied had targeted a sample population of 50 technicians and 50 trainees. Nevertheless, 88 percent of the respondents were achieved. The data was collected using a self administered set or questionnaire that consisted of both structured and unstructured questions. The data collected was analysed and processed to obtain measures of central tendencies such as mean, standard deviation, variance and co-efficient or correlation. The major findings of the study indicate that there are some factors that are imparting negatively to the adequacy of the industrial attachment for printing technician trainees. These factors have been identified and recommendations made, that if implemented, hopefully will enhance the adequacy of the exercise. The research work includes chapters on Introduction to the study, Literature Review, Research Methodology, Data Analysis &. Presentation of Results, Summary of the Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations and Appendices.
The Adoption of Bancassurance as a Competitive Strategy to Improve Performance of Commercial Banks: A Case Study of Selected Commercial Banks in Nakuru County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Karanja, Jane Nduta; Abel Anyieni
The financial performance of the commercial banks in Kenya is facing intense competition from the interbank and the non-bank financial services providers including Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Saccos, mobile payment service providers such as Mpesa and unregulated financial services providers such as shylocks and merry go round schemes. These sources of competition has led to the shrinking of revenue from traditional sources of revenues for commercial banks such as loans both commercial and personal, custodial services, credit cards, maintenance fees, amongst others. The commercial banks must therefore look for competitive strategies to increase their margins from the traditional sources of revenues either from decreasing the costs of servicing these sources or increasing the scope of these services. The commercial banks must also invent and embrace new sources of revenue generation. The bancassurance platform offers a competitive strategy that help to increase financial performance for commercial banks through economies of scope, economies of scale, cheap acquisition of lending funds, and commission from insurance sales. The overall aim of this study is to analysis how bancassurance can be adopted as a competitive strategy in order to improve financial performance of commercial banks with a case study of selected commercial banks in Nakuru County, Kenya. To achieve this, three main specific objectives were applied. The theoretical review of the study consisted of financial intermediary theory, theory of economies of scale and the modern portfolio theory. Population of 800 bank employees was targeted with 89 respondents as the size of the sample. Collected data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21 software. For frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, linear correlation and regression tools were used for data analysis. Three financial performance indicators were used in the analysis including non-funded income, deposit mobilization and market share. Tables were used for data presentations. Bancassurance is generally received well in the market though with some challenges. All independent variable, including non-funded income, deposit mobilization and market share are statistically significant predictors on their own, for financial performance of banks. In terms of the order of influence, deposit mobilization was highly ranked, followed by non-funded income while market share was lowly ranked. Therefore, deposit mobilization influenced financial performance than either non-funded income or market share. This study recommends the use of bancassurance products by commercial banks as a competitive strategy for better financial performance. This is because financial performance decreases in the absence of these strategies. The study further recommends that deposit mobilization be undertaken as a priority in the adoption of bancassurance products in commercial banks so as to increase financial performance. Banks have wider customer trusted base in comparison to insurance companies. Marketing should therefore be taken aggressively. This can be achieved by making sure insurance products are integrated in bank sale management framework for the sole purpose of selling more. The two sectors should sell and market their products jointly and simultaneously. Researcher recommends further studies in this topic through examining other strategies that can improve the financial performance for commercial banks.
Adoption of Financial Innovations by Tier One Commercial Banks and Financial Deepening in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Winga, Emily Akinyi; Fredrick W. S. Adede
Kenya envisions that by 2030 it will realize the three pillars of success that is social, economic and political development. These pillars are not likely to be achieved if the country adopts same way of doing things, thus innovations in all sector is vital. Innovation accelerates growth in all the three pillars and more so economy. Although, bank innovations are of convincing importance when checked in terms of financial performance, the effect created by the innovation on financial deepening is still not clear. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of the adoption of financial innovations by tier one commercial banks and financial deepening in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish mobile, agency, automated teller machine and internet banking on financial deepening in Kenya. The study was based on diffusion theory of innovation and theory of financial deepening. The study adopted correlation research design. In the current study the target population composed of 6 banks in tier one. Census approach was used to select 6 tier one commercial banks from 2010 to 2018. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with the aid of STATA 12. The regression coefficients were tested for significance using t-statistics at 5% confidence level. Diagnostic tests that conducted include auto correlation, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, fixed and random effects and normality. The study findings found that commercial banks in tier one had an average financial deepening of 16.61. Regression analysis revealed that mobile banking, agency banking, automatic teller banking and internet banking have positive and significant effect on financial deepening of tier one commercial banks in Kenya. There is need to take advantage of agency banking services especially in regions which have low mobile phone penetration and adopt agency banking services owing to proximity to banking agents. Data security should be provided to enhance authorization procedure when using automatic teller machines banking services. Owing to positive reception and adoption of internet banking there is need for commercial banks to take advantage of it since it will minimize operational costs and optimize provision of banking services. Banking regulators such as Central Bank of Kenya and Capital Market Authority for listed tier one commercial banks should liberalize financial innovation. To bank managers, since adoption of financial innovations has significant effect on financial deepening, there is need for them to develop innovative approaches to optimize their financial performance. This indicates that there is need for development and adoption of mobile banking, agency banking, automatic teller machines banking and internet banking that would minimize operational costs. There is need for regulation and control of agency banking services to optimize financial performance of banks.
Adoption of Green Energy and Peformance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2020-07) Makanga, Ishmael Maina
There is increased number of sugar companies that have failed despite advance increase in strategic management best practice. Several studies on organisational performance have revealed that in Kenya, performance is non linear despite numerous initiatives. A few studies have tried to account for the mixed performance especially in the context of cost cutting approach in understanding the effect of adoption of green energy on performance. Successful green practices helps firms to achieve greater efficiency, establish and strengthen their core competencies, enhance their green image, all of these may eventually combine to contribute to firm profitability. Environmental sustainability in any given production is very important. The low adoption of green energy has led to high charges on electric units especially during low rainy seasons, and high prices of petroleum and electricity in operations of the company which accounts for poor performance that has necessitated closure of many sugar companies. The study sought to bridge the gap by establishing the effect of green energy adoption on the performance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of pollution reduction, cost of production, organizational policy and organizational capacity on the performance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories which include green economic theory, resourced based view theory and the Innovation Diffusion theory. The study used descriptive research design. The target population was 204 respondents. The sample size was 134 which was developed using Yamane’s formula. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. After data collection, data will be edited, referenced coded to facilitate statistical analysis. Data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables, charts, frequencies, percentages and graphs. The study established that green energy adoption had a positive and significant effect on the performance of Butali Sugar Company. It was concluded that the firm had significantly reduced emissions to the atmosphere by adopting green energy, enhanced use of renewable energy, improved environmental conservation, recycles wastes, embraces environmental friendly waste disposal and collaborates with other firms on waste management. It was further concluded that green energy adoption had significantly reduced the cost of production in the firm despite their being inadequate finances for the project, cost of transportation being slightly higher and the price of license to produce power being moderately higher. The study concluded that the firm has a clear policy guideline on green energy adoption, complies with government policy and regulations governing the project. The study recommends that the management of the Butali Sugar Company Limited should ensure that the production of green energy is maximized to economically viable levels to improve firm returns. The firm also needs to enhance human resource, technological and infrastructure capacity to facilitate the green energy adoption process and effectiveness.
Adoption of Integrated Financial Management Information System and Performance of National Treasury of Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2020-11) Njau, Cyrus Nganga
Adoption of integrated financial management and information system (IFMIS) is for effective management and sourcing procedures within the government, and it is meant for streamlining the financial processes and provision of standard, real-time and accurate financial statements. IFMIS aims at cutting down cost of operations, corruption and fraudulent activities and increase transparency and accountability within government ministries and agencies. But the challenges associated with financial management are still prevalent as seen through misuse of financial resources, increased cases of collusion and corruption among senior management and inefficiencies within the internal control systems. This led the researcher to investigate on integrated financial management information system and performance of National treasury of Kenya; by looking at the internal control systems, staff competency, budgeting and financial reporting aspects. The study is anchored on technology acceptance model, open systems theory and institutional theory. Descriptive research design was adopted in the study and the population included the staff at the National Treasury of Kenya. The targeted staffs were those in the ICT, HR and finance and accounting departments and a sample size of 187 staff was obtained. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and the researcher adopted the drop and pick later method. A pilot test was conducted leading to testing of the validity and reliability of the research instrument and the collected data was entered into SPSS for descriptive analysis and inferential statistics using multiple regressions. The study findings were presented in charts, tables, graphs and prose discussions. A total of 140 respondents completed the data collection instruments and returned them for data analysis. The study concluded that IFMIS was significantly embraced in public finance management at the National Treasury, Kenya. It was concluded that the national treasury significantly incorporates and accrues effective internal control which has enhanced resource planning, allocation, accountability and integrity. The study further concluded that the staffs at the National Treasury to a significant extent have relevant and necessary skills, knowledge, expertise and experience to manage the system. It was also concluded that the National Treasury has streamlined its budgetary management through use of IFMIS. It was finally concluded that the IFMIS had improved financial reporting through timelines, accuracy and effectiveness. The study recommends that the National Treasury needs to enhance continued internal control improvement plan and strengthening. The National Treasury should enhance staff competency through training, mentorship and internal trainings to ensure they are able to use and manage the IFMIS. It was further recommended that the National Treasury should improve on use of IFMIS in budgeting to ensure significant public participation and involvement. The study also recommended that the National Treasury should ensure IFMIS is used more in financial reporting to enhance timely, accurate and effective reporting.
Adoption of monitoring and evaluation system among non-governmental organisations in Murang’a County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2017-11) Mugera, Adwin Ndonga
A good monitoring and evaluation system is a key ingredient to good performance of a project. It is a way of being answerable and signifying transparency to the stakeholders as it provides for accountability, transparency. It also assists learning an organization by documenting lessons gained during the execution of the projects and using the same in the ensuing project planning and implementation or by sharing with other implementers the experience earned. In Murang’a County, Kenya, project managers today are concerned with the development of their projects as evidence by their eagerness in the adoption of a monitoring and evaluation system. This is mostly because government and donor resources are provided to local NGOs for the implementation of the various projects. However, these projects have not achieved desired results due to a lack of monitoring and evaluation system. To solve this problem, some NGOs have adopted monitoring and evaluation system as a mode of managing the projects. On the other hand, most NGOs have not adopted monitoring and evaluation system and although outcomes and effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation system are known. The specific objectives of this study was to examine the extent to which financial status of NGOs influence adoption of NGOs, assessing how donors influence adoption of M&E among NGOs and determining the extent to which the need for stakeholder involvement influence adoption of M&E among NGOs in Murang’a County, Kenya. A conceptual framework showing the interplay among the various variables was developed to guide this study. Descriptive survey design was used to carry out this study. The study population was 100. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires. A pilot study was conducted to find the reliability of the instruments. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of means and frequency and percentages. Inferential statistics was also used in the data analysis. The study found out that the NGOs had small sized budgets allocated for purposes of M&E which hampered implementation of M&E. It also established that there was lack of professionalism on part of qualified practitioners as most employees were diploma and certificate holders in order to pay them low wages due to inadequate financial resources. The study also established that the training provided was not adequate. Donors, the study established were consistently involved since they are the ones who provide the financial resources whereas community and other beneficiaries are not involved. In conclusion, most NGOs disregarded the tenets of having a monitoring and evaluation framework in place. The study recommends that for a successful adoption of M&E, skilled people should be hired and regular trainings to be conducted, NGOs to be flexible in order to incur low costs in operations and to fully involve all the stakeholders. The findings will help local NGOs to improve the monitoring and evaluation of their projects implement them for their benefit
Adoption of Total Quality Management Practices and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nyeri County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2019-04) Dhieu, Jiel Jiel
Expanding the manufacturing sector is a major part of the government‟s Vision 2030 economic development plan to transform Kenya into a middle-income country by growing the manufacturing to account for 20% of GDP by 2030 which is nearly twice today‟s level, at 10.6%. Addressing some outstanding constraints in the manufacturing sector is the panacea of achieving the goals. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of TQM practices on performance of manufacturing firms in Nyeri County. The specific objectives of this study are to assess how top management commitment, customer focus, continuous improvement and employee training affect the performance of the manufacturing firms in Nyeri County. The literature review identifies what other researchers have done in the area of TQM practices on performance of firms globally and locally. The study sought to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study was based on the Deming‟s theory, resource-based theory and the institutional theory. The manufacturing firms under study were twelve in Nyeri County and emphasis was placed on the top management. The staff comprises of managers in finance, marketing, production, procurement, research and development, quality assurance, human resource with a total of 75 persons considered. The study adopted a census owing to the small number of respondents involved. Questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis entails descriptive statistics which encompass frequencies and percentages. Inferential statistics by use of the SPSS program entailing the chi-square to test causal relations and regression was done. The study found out that continuous improvement had a positive influence on performance of manufacturing firms in Nyeri County. Employee training had a positive influence on performance. Top management commitment had a positive influence on performance. Customer focus positively influenced performance. The study concludes that manufacturing organizations were kept neat and clean at all times. Production equipment was maintained well according to maintenance plans. Manufacturing organization used Statistical Process Control (SPC) programs for process control. Selection and recruitment process in their organization was effective (in terms of the objectivity and „right man for the right job‟). Communication was open and continues in three directions: up, down and across. Senior executive insisted on accuracy and reliability of all information and communications within the organization. Senior executives anticipated change and made plans to accommodate it. Complaints process and guidelines were established; complaints were properly recorded. Manufacturing companies product/ service design, development and delivery were based on meeting the needs of the customer. The study recommends that manufacturing organizations ought to be kept neat and clean at all times. Production equipment ought to be maintained well according to maintenance plans. Manufacturing organization ought to Statistical Process Control (SPC) programs for process control. Senior executive ought to insist on accuracy and reliability of all information and communications within the organization. Top management ought to have faith, trust and confidence in their managers and juniors ought to follow them as role models. Complaints process and guidelines ought to be established and complaints ought to be properly recorded. Customer forecast strategies and approaches ought to be continuously reviewed for further improvement.
After-Sales Service Strategies and Customer Satisfaction in Selected Diesel Power Generator Firms in Nairobi City County Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Nginga, Rose; Chrispen Maende
The World Bank Enterprise report indicates that power cuts in Sub-Saharan Africa have cost organizations in the continent. Although numerous milestones have been made in reforming the power sector over two decades, the after-sales strategies and customer satisfaction on power supply substations in Kenya have remained wanting. Most after-sale strategies and customer satisfaction are associated with problems of power supply distribution system, poor management strategies, and lack of capacity by Kenya Power to handle the ever-increasing demand for electrical energy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the contribution of after-sale service strategies employed by power suppliers that will enhance customer satisfaction. The specific objective of the study was to establish the influence of quality of customer service, complain-compliant handling, maintenance practices, and product-service deliveries on customer satisfaction. The study was anchored on the social exchange theory, relationship marketing theory, and service quality theory as well as customer satisfaction and behavioural theory. The study employed a descriptive assessment design using a target population of 153 top managers of the ten selected diesel generating firms in Nairobi City County. The study utilized a stratified sampling technique to get the respondents to the study questionnaire. The diesel generating firms were selected for this study because of their strategic position and performance in respect to sales and customer service. The study collected primary data using a well-structured questionnaire with both open and closed-ended statements and questions on the after-sales and customer satisfaction in the power supply sector. The data collection instrument was tested for validity and reliability by conducting a pilot study and the use of Cronbach's Alpha equation. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics by the use of SPSS software version 25 and the results were presented in the form of figures, charts, and tables. The study findings indicated that quality of the customer service, complement/compliment handling, maintenance and repair practices, and product and service deliveries were significant in predicting the; level of customer satisfaction among the selected firms. The coefficient of the variables, quality of customer service, compliment/complaint handling, maintenance and repair practices, and product were found to have a positive and significant correlation with customer satisfaction in the selected power generation firms in Nairobi City County. The study concluded that quality customer services offered by power generation companies lead to customer satisfaction. The study also concluded that careful handling of customer complaints and compliments was a major factor in meeting the expectation of customer satisfaction in the industry and finally the study concluded that product and service deliveries contribute significantly to the level of customer satisfaction of the company's products and services.
Agency banking and financial inclusion of commercial banks in Siaya County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-04) Dimbia, Anyango Agnes
In the contemporary business environment, the employment of agency banking as an alternate channel for the provision of banking services has proven an effective way of deepening banks’ operational reach. As a result, numerous commercial banks have adopted the agency banking model as an avenue for enhancing financial services access, especially to individuals in remote rural regions. In the Siaya County context, there are 370 banks’ agents. However, there exist no studies dedicated to the examination of these agency banking models’ impact on financial inclusion. The study established that only three commercial banks operating in Siaya County employ agency banking model. Besides, there were inadequate studies conducted on the impact of agency banking on the financial inclusion of commercial banks in Siaya County.This study aimed to establish the impact of agency banking on the financial inclusion of commercial banks in Siaya County, focusing on all the banks currently employing agency banking in the county, i.e., KCB, Equity and Cooperative Bank. For the attainment of this goal, the study was guided by these specific objectives: to analyze the impact of the cost of agency banking on the financial inclusion of commercial banks in Siaya County; to analyze the impact of timesaving of agency banking on the financial inclusion of commercial banks in Siaya County; to assess the impact of serving hours of agency banking on the financial inclusion of commercial banks in Siaya County; to analyze the impact of the convenience of agency banking on the financial inclusion of commercial banks in Siaya County. In terms of technique, the research issue was addressed by using the explanatory research design. Additionally, a sample of the Siaya County agents of regulated commercial banks was included in the study's target population. The target population for the research was chosen by the proportional random sampling technique. Seventy-four of the 370 agents in the population were chosen for the research. Data collection was done using structured questionaires that were given to participants.Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used with assistance of SPSS software tool. Descriptive techniques that include standard deviation and mean were used . Pearson correlation and multi linear regression were used for inferential techniques. Auto-correlation, multicollinearity, normality and homoscedasticity were tested before using linear regression models. findings were presented using percentages, tables , graphs and charts. The research found a strong correlation between financial inclusion and agent banking. According to the findings, the expense of agency banking has a major detrimental effect on Siaya County's commercial banks' ability to provide financial services. The research also discovered that agency baking's service hours, agency banking's ease, and Siaya County's financial inclusion of commercial banks all had a major favourable influence. In order to guarantee that agency banking services are adopted and utilised, the research advised banks to make these services more widely known and provide them at a discounted rate. Regular reviews of the bank management's agency policy are necessary to increase the number of agents and improve financial inclusion. The report also suggests that agency operators make the most of their serving hours, since this would boost financial inclusion by allowing them to serve a larger number of clients and earn more money in the process
Alternative Banking Channels and Performance of Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2020-06) Motondi, Felix Omweri
Commercial banks have employed alternative banking channels to reach out to more clients and lower operational costs. However, these channels have encountered a variety of challenges raising questions on the influence they have on performance. Persistent system downtimes, network failures, transaction errors, security concerns and lack of customer confidence have driven customers into seeking services in bank branches resulting to congested banking halls. The objective of this study therefore was to assess the influence of alternative banking channels on the performance of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the influence of agency, mobile, internet and ATM banking on performance of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The theories that guided the study were; Bank Led Theory, Innovation diffusion theory, Agency theory, financial intermediation theory and the Resource based theory on performance. This study used descriptive survey research design. 188 respondents from all commercial banks operating in Nairobi City County was the target population of this study out of which a sample size of 94 respondents was selected through simple random sampling. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire. The supervisor helped ascertain validity of the instruments, whereas piloting was conducted to improve on instruments reliability. Quantitative data collected was classified, analyzed and coded. The expected parameters were calculated using the SPSS program as the main statistical tool. Descriptive statistics presented using charts, graphs and frequency percentages were used in measuring the central tendencies such as mean and standard deviation and reporting the data collected from the findings. Qualitative primary data was analyzed via thematic analysis. Apart from the inferential statistics like regression analysis, other forms of analysis such as ANOVA and correlation were used to determine the relationship between the study variables. The study found out that agency, mobile, internet and ATM banking have a positive influence on performance of commercial banks in Nairobi City county, Kenya. The study concluded that; agency banking investments and incomes favorably effect overall performance of banks. Mobile banking alerts assist customers to make informed choices benefitting banks on decreased cost of service delivery and enhanced consumer convenience. The payback duration of internet bank investments is lower than ten years and incomes gained favorably affect bank’s performance. The use of ATMs has replaced labor intensive and paper-based banking methods leading to quicker access to services, convenience. This study recommended that Commercial banks continue offering alternative banking channels for improved efficiency and increased accessibility. The commercial banks need to review and have a variety of products and services available across the alternative banking channels to mirror those offered at branches. The study recommended that Commercial Banks should review the pricing models adopted to enable customers’ access products and service on alternative banking channels affordably. In addition, more security features be adopted to ensure that the system is up to date with most current technology to avoid loss of funds for clients through illegal system accesses.
Analysing the training needs of personnel working in the media and how they can be met: a case study of Kenya Institute of Mass Communication {K.I.M.C.}
(2012-04-05) Mugwe, S. W.; Yabs, J.
Training is a process characterized by the acquisition of specific skills or knowledge in order to perform specific tasks. The objective of training is improved overall organisational performance. The purpose of study. The purpose of study therefore is to highlight the specific factors affecting training, especially on personnel, and give recommendation to these factors on how they can be overcome to improve an effective training in training institutions. Under favourable circumstances, training has the importance dual function of utilization and motivation. By improving employees' ability to perform the tasks required by the company, training allows better use to be made of human resources. By giving employees a feeling of mastery over their work and recognition by management their job satisfaction is increased. When circumstances are unfavourable, these results may not be obtained, or example when the trainees sees no purpose in the training, when it is regarded as punishment or a sign of displeasure or when the training seems irrelevant in the trainee's needs. Like any other business process, training can be very wasteful if it is not carefully planned and supervised. Without a logical systematic approach some training may be given which is not necessary, and vice versa, or the extent of the training may be too small or too great. When the training is complete, validation will show whether it has been successful in achieving its aims and devaluation will attempt to measure its cost-benefit effect. The study was conducted at Kenya Institute of Mass Communication and other middle institutions in Nairobi. There were two parts of the questionnaires; questionnaire (A) was filled by the employees and questionnaire (B) by the students. Literature review centered around the training literature, looking at the gaps in the work already done and giving theoretical foundations for the problem.
An analysis into the role of human resource in facilitating change in a selected case of Bio Food Ltd. Industrial area, Nairobi
(2011-12-07) Chelangat, Susan Nzioki
Today's business environment is characterized by constant change, meaning that organizations have to adapt quickly to stay in business. Economic, technological, social and political trends have redefined the way organizations operate. The new approach for Human Resource to managing people is shifting from protector and screener to strategic partner and change agent. It is the firms' workforce that contributes to knowledge, commitment, skills and training that provides a competitive advantage in the new markets. The critical role for the Human Resource management is to define the maximum benefits from employee skills and knowledge. Hence, Human Resource job is to help create unique competence, open culture in which the values and norms emphasizes the importance of sharing knowledge, through networks of groups and teamwork ,to manage change. It entails new management methods such as the improvement of organizational structures, new approaches to reward management and the adaptation of new philosophies like Total Quality Management. Therefore a focus on the framework of the organization design is diagnosed and evaluated in comparison to the key areas of change are the strategic change, operational change, cultural change and behavioral change. For effective change to take place, the Human Resource have a responsibility to analyze the critical success factors which will be embraced to bring a smooth implementation process which will result in positive expected output. Change management involves establishing a sense of urgency, joint diagnosis of the problem in question in order to have shared understanding and ease resistance to the implementation of the change. Hence, Human Resource strategy in an organization is to identify, analyze and diagnose the key areas, and that are vital to business's success. This involves developing a combined corporate and Human Resource strategy in the line with the state goals of the organization. This finally enables the organization to respond faster to product and technological innovations and competitor's move. The main objective of this study is to analyze the strategic role played by Human Resource in facilitating change in an organization. A selected case of Bio Food Products Ltd. has been identified as study sample. Bio Food Product Ltd went through crucial time in the year 1999 - 2000 due to drought, which resulted in power rationing and shortage of milk products. The senior management consulted the Human Resource to come up with low cost strategy. It sought two alternatives. Downsizing and stoppage of increment, incentives and bonuses. A consensus between the management and the workforce opted for the stoppage of increments and other rewards. A strategy plan 2000 - 2005 was formulated and Human Resource was to advice the management on the way forward. A restructuring strategy was implemented through embracement of critical success factors such as teamwork, two-way communication, behavioral and cultural change, leadership style, consultancy, motivation and training. The research seeks to analyze the role played by the Human Resource in facilitating change and identify the factors applied in bringing effective change in Bio Food Product Ltd. in the period 2000 - 2005. At the end of the year 2005, Bio Food Product Ltd. had recorded sales turnover of Kshs. 114 million, and a profit margin of over 20%. In 2002, the company worn quality Awards from European Quality Award in dairy products and a Recognition Award of the best managed company in a competition of quality awards in Market Village Westlands.
An analysis of causes of teachers turnover in public secondary schools. A case of Makuyu division Murang' a county in Kenya
(2014-07-05) Gakuru, Rosemary Nduta; Wambua, P.
The aim of this study was to establish causes of teacher turnover that is important for policy formulations that target teacher retention. This was brought about by lack of devotion of teachers at their place of work. This is evident in their instability in the teaching profession and low morale in performing their task as well as poor performance. Poor remuneration has always been quoted as the main cause of low morale, but literature shows that there are other factors that lowers teacher morale and increase their turnover. Contemporary educational theory holds that one of the pivotal causes of inadequate school performance is the inability of schools to adequately staff classrooms with qualified teachers. This analysis therefore examined the possibility that there are other causes related to teacher demographics, career development, working conditions and school demographics that are driving teacher turnover and in turn school staffing problems. The causes of teacher turnover in Makuyu Division were therefore examined in this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 20 public secondary schools out of 24 public secondary schools in the division. 40 teachers (1 male and I female) out of 240 teachers were randomly selected to participate in the study. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample population which constituted 16% of the total population. The study employed a descriptive survey design and was carried out in public secondary schools in Makuyu division. This is because secondary school teachers are leaving teaching at a higher rate than primary school teachers in the division at a rate of 25-30% (T.S.C 2013). A questionnaire was administered to the sample of teachers to find out causes that would make them exit the teaching profession. The questionnaire comprised of structured and a few unstructured questions. It employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques in data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyse data. Validity of the data collection instrument was judged by experts'. Reliability of data collection instruments was ascertained through piloting the instrument. Data was presented in graphs, charts and tables. The study was intended to provide the T.S.C, the employer of teachers in public secondary schools in Kenya and school management B.O.G with information so they can put in place necessary measures that can manage the turnover. It also provided the policy makers with information so as to formulate laws which will improve the working conditions and welfare of teacher's in order to reduce their turnover. Several findings were made in regard to the study but notable of these were that poor working conditions, low pay, and poor administration significantly caused teacher turnover in Makuyu division. It was also noted that middle aged teachers had a higher turnover than very old and very young teachers. Schools where teachers are involved in decision making registered a low turnover. The study recommended that all stake holders in education should put in place measures that will reduce teacher turnover. These measures include better pay,proper administration,student discipline, low teacher- student ratio and adequate facilities. Teacher promotion should be on merit and they should be allowed to further their education without restrictions.
Analysis of challenges facing implementation of service delivery strategies among United Nations Agencies: a case of UNICEF - Kenya
(2013-01-03) Tegest, Bellete
This project focused on key issues regarding the implementation of service delivery strategies in UNICEF Kenya. A number of service delivery implementation problems were identified in the project, which entitled financial constraints, logistical factors, human resources, political, social cultural and technological trends, as well as poor collaboration with other organizations. The purpose of the project was to clarify challenges of implementation of strategies and to identify key variables for implementation. This study employed descriptive survey design on UNICEF Kenya where primary information was obtained from a target population of top and middle management that adds up to 34 individuals. For the study to be successful, both secondary (Journals, websites, magazines, and periodicals) and primary data collection (questionnaire, and interview) approaches were utilized to enable sound gathering of the required information and to save time for analysis. The field data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and presented in the term of tables. The study found that all the six factors in the conceptual framework influence implementation of service delivery strategies in UNICEF. This study concluded that challenges facing implementation of service delivery strategies arise from shortage of financial resources; influence of logistical issues; qualified human resources; level of collaboration within UN Agencies, Government counterparts, NGOs, and International Organization; political challenges; and socio-cultural and technological advancement. The study recommended that top management's function should not only create conditions for service delivery strategy plan, but also continuously monitor the implementation process so as to ensure harmony among the influencing factors.
Analysis of challenges facing women owned dressmaking enterprises in Umoja 1 market, Nairobi
(2012-01-10) Ombuki, Maureen Kerubo
The research was concerned with the challenges facing women owned small and micro enterprise (dressmakers) in Umoja 1 market. Umoja 1 market is situated around 14 Km from the city Centre. The aim of this research was to identify the major challenges facing the women owned small and micro enterprises (dressmakers) in respect of Umoja I market. Challenges mean problems, or constraints that affect the performance of business activities of the said enterprises. Its whatever affects both the demand and supply of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) products. The researcher examined the entrepreneurs' access to finance, their management skills, their access to markets and how they gather and use market information. The researcher also examined the infrastructure, the technology and the skills used and even how they adopt them. The study analyzed the incentives and supportive policies. The researcher examined how if at all the challenges had resulted in loss of competitiveness for small and micro enterprises in Umoja 1 market, as well as whether they had resulted in low productivity and profitability with consequent increase in unemployment and poverty. The researcher concluded with formulated recommendations to address the challenges of these enterprises.
Analysis of challenges of implementation of ther strategic management plan in Nairobi city water and sewerage company
(2011-10-13) Mogaka, Florence Kwamboka
The purpose of the proposed study was to analyze the challenges of implementing the strategic management plan in Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company Ltd. The study sought to examine the challenges of strategic plan implementation aimed at improving service delivery on timely basis, and if possible find ways of implementing the plans successfully. The focus of the study was on variables such as employee training, availability of resources, political influence, organization change among others. The researcher adopted descriptive research design. The study target was Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company Ltd, with a target population of 928 consisting of Functional Directors, Managers and Co-ordinators, Supervisors and Officers. and Rank and File, with a sample size of 100. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The data collected was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data were analyzed according to the objectives of the study. The overall objective of this study was to analyse challenges of implementation of the strategic management plan in NCWSC. A profile of data from each of the respondents was compiled and subjected to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for processing. The results are represented in tables of frequency distribution and percentages. The findings of the study showed that implementation is hampered by: political influence, inadequate employee training, inadequate provision of resources, and organisation change. In view of the above findings, the researcher made the following four recommendations: The organization (NCWSC) would provide adequate resources to help in successful implementation of the SNIP and at the same time intensify the existing training programme for the understanding of the strategy implementation process. The management should also check and control political influence by putting in place policies on recruitment and succession process.
An analysis of competitive strategies effects on the market share of independent petroleum companies in Kenya
(2012-06-27) Waema, Clifford Kioko
This study looked at Kenya's petroleum industry with the aim of reviewing the effects of competitive strategies used by independent petroleum companies on their market share. The specific objectives involved analysing the effects of the different competitive strategies employed by Independent Petroleum companies in Kenya on their market share. The study also involved investigating the extent to which independent Petroleum companies employ competitive strategies in their daily operations, discerning of the implementation challenges and finally establishing the relationship (correlation) between the competitive strategies and the market share of the Il'Cs. A survey research design was used in the study. The study was conducted in Nairobi with the target population drawn from selected independent petroleum companies which had been in operation since deregulation of the industry. A sample population of twenty seven (27) registered petroleum companies were purposively picked to participate in this study. Part of the data was collected from primary sources using questionnaires and while the rest was referenced from company books. The collected data was edited centrally to detect errors and omission, ensure data was accurate, uniformly entered, complete, consistent with intent of the question and other information in the survey and arranged to simplify coding and tabulation. The coded data was then tabulated in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 16.0). Descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the responses. Results of the study indicated that different competitive strategies were used in different magnitudes by the Il'Cs, Low cost leadership and product differentiation were the least used competitive strategies. On the other hand, the use of market segmentation and convenience retailing strategies was very high. The study found a strong correlation (0.7) between the competitive strategies employed by Il'Cs and market share. The study majorly recommends that local independent petroleum companies should identify and capitalize on their strengths which they enjoy over their multinational competitors to compete effectively in the Kenyan market. The study also found out that apart from market segmentation and convenience retailing, other strategies like overnight parking of public service vehicles, car washing, tyre sales and vehicle servicing are also mostly used by independent petroleum companies to increase their market share in Kenya.

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