PHD-Department of Management Science

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Business Intelligence Capability and Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2022) Wamai, Muiga John; Rosemary James; Joshua W. Tumuti
The banking sector in Kenya has continuously invested in business intelligence capability for growth, improved efficiency and financial performance. During the last seven years, returns on assets of commercial banks has been diminishing despite the adoption of business intelligence capability. In reference to this context, the study intended to evaluate the effect of business intelligence capability on the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated how infrastructure, data integration and organisational capabilities influence the performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study further assessed how competitive advantage mediates the association between business intelligence capability and performance of commercial banks. The main theory anchoring the study was resource-based view supported by DeLone and McLean‟s model and dynamic capability view theory. An explanatory non-experimental design was employed to conduct a census involving the 43 commercial banks in Kenya. The respondents were 129, made up of the heads of information technology, operations managers and credit managers drawn from the commercial banks. Both primary and secondary data were applied. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather primary data on business intelligence capability whereas secondary data on bank performance was gathered from audited financial statements using data collection sheet. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were affirmed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for analysis. Means, standard deviation and frequencies were used. Ordinary list squares model was also used in analysis. Diagnostic tests of normality, linearity, autocorrelation, homoscedasticity and multicollinearity were conducted to ascertain conformance with assumptions of linear regression. The main beneficiaries of the study were the commercial banks management, academia and policy makers. The main results of the study revealed that commercial banks in Kenya had various business intelligence capabilities such as infrastructure, data integration and organization capabilities which positively and significantly affect performance. The study also found that competitive advantage does not mediate the association between business intelligence capabilities and performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study concluded that commercial banks in Kenya had business intelligence capabilities which included infrastructure, data integration and organization capabilities which have an effect on commercial banks performance. It was recommended that the leadership of commercial banks and other stakeholders should embrace business intelligence capability as it is an effective performance management strategy.
Credit information sharing, bank characteristics and credit market performance in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2014) James, Rosemary Muthoni; Korir, J.K.
Efficient credit markets are essential for economic growth and development. However, asymmetric information between borrowers and lenders results in inefficient allocation of credit and credit rationing. In Kenya, information asymmetry has led to the high cost of credit that has constrained the expansion of businesses and deterred access to credit by a significant proportion of Kenyans. Further, this information asymmetry problem has also been a contributory factor to the high levels of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in the Kenyan banking sector. It is in this regard that the government licensed Credit Reference Bureaus (CRBs) to reduce problems of information asymmetry by facilitating credit information sharing. With the roll-out of credit information sharing effective 31st July 2010, it was envisaged that the benefits of credit information sharing would start accruing from the middle of the subsequent month after the initial submissions; banks would start accessing credit reports from mid August 2010 for loan appraisals and customers would start accessing their credit reports at the same time. Given the recent entrance of CBRs into the credit market in Kenya, the emerging question is whether or not the introduction of credit information sharing has contributed to credit market performance. This study therefore sought to provide an empirical investigation of the impact of credit information sharing on credit market performance in Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated whether credit information sharing has improved credit market performance through reduced default rate, increased availability of credit and reduced cost of credit. Both the explanatory and descriptive research designs were used. The target population were the 43 financial institutions that are licensed under the Kenyan Banking Act. A census of the 43 financial institutions was carried out where both primary and secondary data was collected. Semi-structured questionnaires administered to the credit managers at the headquarters of each of the commercial banks were used to collect primary data. Secondary data pertaining to default rates, credit availability and cost of credit were collected on the same banks for a period of five years between 2008 and 2012 recorded on a quarterly basis. CRBAfrica provided data on the intensity of use of the credit reports by different banks. Descriptive statistical analysis of frequencies, percentages, means and cross-tabulation analysis provided a summary of the variables while panel data regression models were used to establish whether introduction of credit information sharing in Kenya has had an impact on the credit market performance. Open-ended questions were analyzed by grouping the common themes together and drawing conclusions from the findings. The research findings showed that credit information sharing affected the performance of the credit market. The study also established that there was differential impact of credit information sharing by ownership structure, bank size and bank age. The study concludes that the presence of credit information sharing lead to a reduction in the default rates and an increase in credit availability. However, it failed to impact on the cost of credit as the interest rates increased even with the introduction of credit bureaus. The study therefore recommends that the government should extend credit information sharing beyond the banking sector and also facilitate sharing of both positive and negative information. There is also need to sensitize the financial institutions on the benefits of credit information sharing. Finally, there is need for the government and the financial institutions to find ways of reducing the cost of borrowing in the country.
E-government strategy implementation and performance of the public sector in Kenya
(2015) Mungai, Alfred Ngugi
The Kenya public sector has the vision to realize e-government strategy to reach the public and to promote performance by enhancing e-participation and e-consultation in the policy/ decision- making process. Notably a number of projects have commenced but have met serious challenges in the implementation stages. Yet few studies have attempted to carefully analyse e-government strategy implementation and performance of the public sector in Kenya. The general objective of the study was to investigat e e-government strategy implementation and performance of the public sector in Kenya. Specifically the study was narrowed: to establish the relationship between leT infrastructure (service oriented architecture) and public sector performance in Kenya, to determine the relationship between e-level applications and public sector performance in Kenya, to examine the relationship between e-government institutional framework and public sector performance in Kenya, to establish the relationship between e-government legal framework and public sector performance in Kenya and to assess the mediating influence between e-government platform and the public sector performance in Kenya.This study was anchored on Management Information Systems Theory while Resource Based View, Unified Theory of Acceptance of Technology and Stakeholders Theory acted as supporting theories as they relate well with study hypotheses. A positivism orientation was adopted in this study. The study employed descriptive and explanatory research design. The study population was 13,228 which comprised of Directors of administration, leT departmental heads, and customer care supervisors as the key informants in the government ministries and also the users (members of the public) who visited the current 18 Ministries with egovernment related issues. Multistage sampling was applied where larger clusters were subdivided into smaller samples for the purposes of surveying. The study used disproportionatestratificd sampling whereby the proportionate sample was adjusted to embrace a better sample size which was 384. The study collected primary data using both an interview guide and a semi structured questionnaire. The SPSS (version 17) computer software aided the analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, specifically regression analysis were used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The study established a significant relationship between egovernment performance and leT infrastructure. It was also confirmed that leT infrastructure has a significant relationship with public sector performance in Kenya. The study further established a significant relationship between e-government performance and e-level applications and that there was a significant relationship between e-government performance and e-government institutional framework. The study concludes that egovernment institutional framework has an influence on public sector performance in Kenya while there is a significant relationship between e-government performance and egovernment legal framework. This study further concludes that e-government platform has a mediating relationship with public sector performance in Kenya. The study concludes that e-government implementation by the government should be well regulated so as to ensure the process is effective in all the mini stries. The stud y also recommends that management teams responsible for implementation of e-government strategy at the ministries should ensure the process leads to promoting access to facilities by the users at the points of service delivery.
Effective Implementation of Technology Innovations in Higher Education Institutions: A Survey of Selected Projects in Universities in Africa
(2014) Kandiri, John Mugo
The significance of technology in higher education institutions cannot be overstated. Research indicates that though there is a degree of application of technology in teaching and learning, its usage has been below par as compared to other industries. Many models have been developed in attempt to explain how to spur effective implementation of technology use with little success. One such model is the organizational theory model. However, the role of sponsors, the team leader and innovation efficacy plus the underlying issues that affect innovation implementation have not been clearly addressed. This study used the Partnership for Higher Education, Education Technology Initiative projects to investigate the determinants of technology innovation implementation effectiveness in higher education institutions. These projects were implemented between 2008 and 2012 and endeavored to stimulate technology uptake in African universities. The study was based on 26 technology implementation projects drawn from seven universities spread in six countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The descriptive study adopted a critical realism method so as to unearth the issues that affect technology implementation effectiveness. A total of 105 usable survey responses were received with 53 interviews conducted. Due to the dichotomous nature of determining implementation effectiveness (successful or failure), logistic regression was used to determine the factors that influence technology innovation implementation effectiveness. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 17 and R-statistical package while data from interviews were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis method. The items within the broader variables were subjected to exploratory factor analysis using principal component method. It was found that 30 percent of the projects were partially successful since they met only some of the objectives, 55 percent had techno-political failure, with 15 percent absolute failures. The results showed that project sponsors, top management, organizational culture, team leadership, financial motivation, organizational climate and innovation efficacy were important determinant to technology implementation effectiveness. Technology framing, innovation environment and innovation attributes were found to be underlying issues in technology implementation. The study recommended need to manage technology transfer problem, develop innovation adopting nature and absorptive capacity in universities so as to enhance technology innovation implementation effectiveness.
Effects of Government Policy on the Nexus between Project Management Practices and Sustainability of Agribusiness Projects in Kenya
(AJEST, 2024-05) Kabethi, Joseph Miano; Ngugi, Lucy; Maingi, James
The study sought to establish the effects of government policy on the relationship between known project management practices and sustainability of Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agribusiness Projects(KAPAP) in selected Counties in Kenya. The predictor variables were capacity building practices, stakeholder management practices, project design practices, and monitoring and evaluation practices, while project sustainability was the response variable. Descriptive and explanatory designs were utilized both in the study. The population comprised of 6,401 KAPAP projects implemented between years 2012 to 2015. A sample of 376 respondents was selected through multistage random sampling methods. A semi-structured questionnaire whose reliability was tested through Cronbach alpha coefficient at 0.7 threshold was used for data collection. Multiple linear regression models were applied in data analysis after testing for normality, linearity and multicollinearity. From the findings, each of the four project management practices had a statistically significant influence on the sustainability of KAPAP projects. There was 71.8% joint influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The proportion of joint explanation improved by 6.9% on inclusion of government policy as a moderating variable. This confirmed that government policy statistically and significantly moderated the relationship between project management practices and project sustainability. The study recommends that project management practices should be closely integrated with government policies to significantly enhance the sustainability of projects, particularly in the agribusiness sector. In addition, project managers and other stakeholders should proactively align their project strategies with current and emerging government policies to enhance sustainability. It is also recommended that policymakers should work collaboratively with project management teams to develop and nature a supportive policy environment for projects. The collaborative approach would lead to development of policies that are both practical and beneficial, ultimately contributing to the achievement of sustainable project objectives.
Governance and Resilience of Project Networks among Agricultural Innovation Platforms in Central and South Western Uganda
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Mugarura, Yosamu; Paul Sang; James Maingi
Forming agricultural innovation platforms (AIPS) provides a key attempt at integrating stakeholders into project affairs in order to achieve resilient project networks. However, in majority of the AIPs, innovations have either collapsed or not moved beyond locality borders with reported incidents of corruption, resignation of leaders, and conflicts between key sets of actors. The study therefore investigated how governance affects project resilience networks for (AIPS) in the Central and the South western parts of Uganda. Specifically, the research assessed the effects of management practices, network composition, and cultural attributes. Further the study investigated the mediating effect of network interactions as well as how policy framework moderates the relationship between governance and resilience of project networks among AIPS. The study was underpinned by systems theory, stakeholder theory and social network theory. The study used positivism research philosophy with explanatory research design. The participants of the analysis were 220 individuals in 22 AIPs in Central and South Western Uganda. We surveyed 132 actors through stratified sampling techniques in the 22 AIPs in Central and South western Uganda. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection in each of the AIPs in the analysis. From the 132 actors visited, 103 were sampled making up a representative index of 78%. The analysis was performed using a mathematical statistical program SPSS. Both research variables were validated at a 95% degree of trust. The results revealed that management practices and network composition were moderately exhibited while cultural attributes, network interactions, and policy framework were more exhibited. The study concluded that cultural characteristics, network structure, and management activities have a strong impact on the sustainability of project networks in central and the South western Uganda. The study concludes that network interactions partially mediated the relation between governance and resilience of project networks. Policy system proved to have the most important impact on project networks' durability. Cantered on these findings’ conclusions, the study suggests the following recommendations: First, AIP leadership should emphasize coordination, accountability, as well as monitoring and evaluation framework. Secondly, management of AIPs should put mechanisms in place that encourage AIP members to embrace network composition. Thirdly, AIPs should put in place strategies that promote proper practice of network norms, values, and power distance. Fourthly, AIPs should embrace common understanding, cooperation, trust and capacity building and learning. Finally, AIPs should encourage involvement of government representatives and align AIP activities with government policies. The study recommends an empirically tested governance framework that articulates clear management pathways of governing AIPs and ensuring their resilience. The study also successfully introduced and validated project network concepts into AIP context. The study successfully tested a combined effect of different governance components on resilience of project networks. Finally, the study validated the application of systems, stakeholder and network theories in project networks that exist in agricultural sector (AIPs).
Influence of adoption factors in the implementation of e-learning amongst universities in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2014) Njoroge, Harrison
E-Iearning is the use of Information Communication and Technology in education and it includes media, technology applications & processes and computer-based or web-based learning. Adoption of e-learning by the. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) has transformed how teaching and learning takes place in the HEIs. Student's enrollment in the institutions has been on the upward trend despite reduced funding and support from relevant authorities. Therefore the challenges' facing these institutions is striking a balance between dwindling resources and delivering on quality education. Factors that inspire institutions to adopt and use technology have been studied by scholars in the developed countries, however no such studies have been done Kenyan context. This study will therefore,. examine the influence of technology adoption factors on the implementation of e-learning in the Higher Education Institutions in Kenya. The study shall utilize the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as it offers an explanation of the user's intentions to use an information system and subsequent usage behavior of the information system. The main objective of this research study shall be to determine the influence of. the adoption factors in the implementation of e-learning amongst the Higher Education Institutions in Kenya. The research study shall adopt a descriptive survey design approach. A self-completion questionnaire having both structured and semi structured questions shall be used to collect data. The population for the, study shall be the 68 universities in Kenya which have invested in e-learning technology. The sample size for this research study sh~lI be 10 universities (7 public and 3 private), the reason for their choice being that all have been in existence for more than 10 years. This is to cater for universities with wellestablished administrative structures and experience in university teaching and learning. Seventy (70) respondents will be sampled using stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Primary data will be collected using a structured questionnaire and an interview guide. A multiple regression model will be used to predict the potential effects of the influence of the adoption factors in the implementation of e-learning amongst the Kenyan universities. Both descriptive and inferential statistics shall be used in the analysis of data
Influence of socio-demographic, behavioral and economic determinants on credit cards default risk in commercial banks in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2014-09-25) Kiarie, Francis Kanyi
Commercial banks playa major role in economic growth and development through provision of credit to execute economic activities. Credit cards are financial payment instruments that are increasingly accepted and used in consumer credit market worldwide. However, credit card performance surveys shows that credit default is a major risk faced by commercial banks in Kenya. The risk attributable to credit card default leads to high effective borrowing rates and therefore increased cost of doing business. Mitigation against this risk is necessary for the safety and soundness of the banking sector. This study aims to investigate the influence of socio-demographic, behavioural and economic factors associated with credit card holders on credit card default risks among credit card issuing commercial banks in Kenya. The study proposes to use secondary data containing socio-demographic, behavioural and economic details about credit card holders obtained from bank records. The target population of the study will be all the credit card holders of the eighteen credit cards issuing banks in Kenya. The study proposes to use a combination of cross-sectional and descriptive research designs. Commercial banks issuing credit cards will be stratified as national and multinational. From each stratum, simple random sampling will be applied to select sample elements. Forward stepwise selection will be applied to obtain optimal set of explanatory variables for the response variable. A Logistic regression model will then be fitted to determine factors with high predictive power of default in credit card loans
Information Technology Capability and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2022) Gitau, Lucy Muthoni; Felix Musau; David M. Nzuki
Although manufacturing firms support economic development, wealth creation and poverty alleviation, a dismal performance has been reported. In Kenya, the share of gross domestic product (GDP) to manufacturing sector has remained below 10 per cent while its growth rate remained at about 5 percent in the last 10 years. This has been attributed to low innovation and technology diffusion. This study examined the effects of IT infrastructure, personnel, management and reconfiguration capabilities on firm performance. Further, the moderating effect of firm size and the mediating effect of competitive advantage, were explored. The study was anchored on Resource Based View, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, knowledge based and Dynamic Capability Theory and the balanced scorecard. Positivism philosophical approach, descriptive and explanatory research design were adopted. Using stratified and random sampling techniques, a sample of 222 manufacturing firms from Nairobi City County, was obtained from a target population of 526 firms. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and used for data collection. The internal consistency test on the data collection tool yielded a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient >0.7 affirming the reliability of the study instrument. Research experts confirmed validity of the study instrument. The data was analysed through descriptive statistics to condense the survey data. To test hypotheses, inferential statistics was used. The results showed a positive significant effect of IT infrastructure capability (β=0.231, p=0.005 < 0.05), IT personnel capability (β=0.165, p=0.044 < 0.05), IT management capability (β=0.183, p=0.018 < 0.05) and IT reconfiguration capability (β=0.288, p=0.001 < 0.05) on performance. The study findings also exhibited a 49.2 per cent explanatory power of IT capability on firm performance. From the study findings, the interaction between IT capability and firm performance was partially mediated by competitive advantage. Firm size did not moderate the relation between IT capability and firm performance. Study findings provide knowledge in IT investment and configuration of IT capability. Subsequently, firms’ IT managers and personnel should proactively build relationships with business functions and promote effective use of information technology through shared insights on business-related knowledge. Firm managers should also invest in building IT capability through planning, organizing, coordinating and control of IT use. Such interventions will lead to enhanced firm competitiveness and performance.
Information Technology Integration and Performance of Selected Public Hospitals in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2019-12) Iloka, Kenneth Malongo
Kenya’s health sector is faced by inefficiencies and ineffectiveness that deters the achievement of its citizens goals of universal health, faireness, cost effectiveness, acceptance and sustainable development. Kenya’s Vision 2030 outlines provision of healthcare as key to improving the quality of life for all Kenyans while public hospitals guarantee improved citizens’ wellbeing. Universal health coverage is one of the pillars in the Big Four Agenda to be achieved by the Government of Kenya by the year 2022. The Ministry of Health has underlined Information Technology Integration as one of its reform strategies to ensure public health institutions perform better. Despite the increasing demand and need for healthcare, performance of public hospitals has been crippling. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of information technology integration on performance of selected public hospitals in Kenya. The specific objectives were to: establish the effect of humaninformation technology integration on performance of selected public hospitals; determine the effect of organizational information technology integration on performance of selected public hospitals; analyze the effect of information technology infrastructure integration on performance of public hospitals; analyze the moderating effect of organizational characteristics on the relationship between information technological integration and performance of selected public hospitals; analyze the mediating effect of user perception on the relationship between information technological integration and performance of selected public hospitals in Kenya. This study was anchored on Technology-Organization- Environment Model, Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovations Theory as well as Dynamic Capabilities Theory. The study was guided by positivism research. An explanatory and cross-sectional survey research design were utilized. The target population of the study included ninety-eight, public hospitals in Kenya which have integrated managed equipment services, comprising ninety-four from the forty-seven counties and four national referral hospitals. A sample size of 294 respondents was drawn using proportionate stratified random sampling. The study used primary data collected using self-administered structured questionnaire. To analyze the features of the surveyed public hospitals and the respondents, descriptive statistics were used. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine the effect of information technology integration, organizational characteristics and user perception on performance. Results from the study showed that integration of human-information technology, organizational information technology integration and infrastructure flexibility had a significant positive impact on the performance of public hospitals in Kenya. The study further found that the characteristics of the organization and the perception of the users respectively moderated and mediated the relationship between the integration of information technology and the performance of public hospitals in Kenya. The study concluded that the integration of information technology in public hospitals plays an important role in increasing hospital efficiency, relevance, effectiveness and financial viability. The study recommends enhanced use of integrated information technology by public hospitals in Kenya for improved performance hence better service delivery.
Knowledge Transfer Strategy and Performance of Medium Size Family Owned Businesses in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2022) Kaibung’a, Joseph Mworia
Family owned medium businesses contribute significantly to Kenyan economic development. Despite this vital contribution, family owned medium enterprises have been performing poorly. Profits, sales growth, intergenerational transition and family members’ satisfaction has been proved to be low. Extant literature shows that knowledge transfer strategy may influence performance of businesses. This study therefore sought to establish the effect of knowledge transfer strategy on performance of medium size family owned businesses in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to assess the effect of organizational learning strategy, codification strategy, personalization strategy and mentorship strategy on performance of medium size family owned businesses in Kenya. The study further sought to establish the mediating effect of human resource competences and the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between knowledge transfer strategy and performance of medium size family owned businesses in Kenya. The study was premised on social exchange theory, learning organization theory, knowledge based view theory, institutional theory, balanced scorecard theory and resource1based1view1theory. The philosophy used was positivism while the research design was descriptive and explanatory approaches. The study targeted four senior managers of 320 mid-size family businesses in Kenya. Proportionate stratified sampling of the manufacturing, service and trade sectors were used to establish a representative sample of 560 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data, and a document review guide was used to obtain secondary data. Face, construct, and content validity were all ensured with the help of experts and supervisors, as well as confirmatory factor analysis with factor loadings of 0.4 or above. Cronbach's Alpha was used to measure reliability, and a coefficient of 0.7 was found to be satisfactory. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Inferential analysis examined knowledge transfer strategy effect on medium family1owned1businesses performance in Kenya through the use of multivariate analysis and hypothesis testing. Results were presented using charts and tables. Content analysis was used in analysing qualitative data. The study concluded that organizational learning strategy, codification strategy, personalization strategy and mentorship strategy positively and significantly affects performance of medium size family owned businesses in Kenya. The study also established that human resource competences have a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between knowledge transfer strategy and performance of medium size family owned businesses in Kenya. In addition, it was established that firm culture has positive and significant moderating effect on the relationship between knowledge transfer strategy and medium size family owned businesses performance in Kenya. The study recommends management of family owned businesses to initiate reforms aimed at achieving better performance though adoption of effective knowledge transfer strategies in this modern era. The study is significance since it provides insights to family business owners, management and the government on how to improve performance of family owned medium size businesses.
Macro Environment and Performance of Donor Funded Health Projects in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2020-05) Mobegi, Jones Ong’era
Projects have become an integral part of organizations’ strategy. Health projects in particular, have been found to carry out a critical function in enhancing the well-being of society. In Kenya, many health projects are funded by donors. Although the amounts of funding from donors have been rising over the years, most donor funded health projects in Kenya are not performing well. According to the World Health Organization, almost 50 percent of health projects in Kenya do not achieve the performance measures of cost, time and quality. Recent studies have demonstrated that the macro environment comprising of the economic, social-cultural, political, technological, legal and the physical environment has a significant effect on the performance of government funded projects. However, there is scanty information on the effect of the macro environment on the performance of donor financed health projects in Kenya. This study specifically sought to determine the effect of social- cultural, economic, technological and political environments on the performance of donor funded health projects in Kenya. The moderating effect of top management support and the mediating effect of project risk management on the relationship between the macro environment, and the performance of donor funded health projects in Kenya were also investigated. The research was anchored on The Theory of Constraints and supported by Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory and The Goal Setting Theory. The study was guided by the positivism philosophy and it adopted an explanatory and descriptive research designs. A census of all the sixty-nine donor funded health projects initiated between 2008 and 2018, and were ongoing was conducted. Six section heads for the donor financed health projects at the Ministry of Health were also included in the study. Primary data was gathered by administering semi-structured questionnaires to identified respondents after seeking official authorization from relevant entities. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in the analysis and presentation of data. Quantifiable data was examined using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software while qualitative data was examined by content analysis based on patterns and themes. A multiple regression model was used to explain how the macro environment affects the performance of donor funded health projects in Kenya and to test hypothesis.The study found out that social-cultural, economic and political environment had a significant effect on the performance of donor funded health projects. The study further established that top management support moderated the relation between the macro environment and the performance of donor funded health projects. The research also determined that project risk management had a partial mediation on the relationship between the macro xix environment and the performance of donor funded health projects. Consequently, the study recommended that the government of Kenya should develop policies and frameworks that will minimize the negative effects of the economic environment and maximize the positive effects of the social-cultural and political environments on the performance of donor funded health projects. The study also recommended that all decision makers and other donor funded health project stakeholders should devise strategies for enhancing the performance of their projects within their macro environment.It is also imperative for the government and other stakeholders in the donor funded health projects to embrace project risk management practices to ensure the projects are successful. Furthermore, the donor funded health projects top management should provide the needed support in the initiation, planning, and execution of the projects to enhance the performance of the projects.
Macro environment and performance of roads construction projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Kamarkor, Akuto Musaeh BP
Despite being critical for Kenya's economic development, road construction projects in Nairobi City County frequently experience significant performance issues. These challenges are largely due to a variety of environmental factors that disrupt project success. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the macro environment and the performance of roads construction projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives included establishing the connections between socio-cultural factors, economic factors, technological aspects and political factors with the performance of roads construction projects in Nairobi City County. Additionally, the research aimed to assess the moderating impact of government policies on the relationship between macro environment factors and project performance. Furthermore, it aimed to evaluate the mediating influence of project stakeholders’ involvement on the connection between macro environment factors and project performance. The theoretical foundations guiding this study encompassed Systems Theory, stakeholder theory, upper echelons’ theory, and contingency theory. Utilizing a positive research philosophy, the study adopted a descriptive and explanatory research design. Nairobi City County, in this context, referred to the five counties in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area: Nairobi County, Kiambu County, Kajiado County, Machakos County, and Murang’a County. The target audience comprised the 176 completed roads construction projects in Nairobi City County executed by the Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KERRA). The unit of observation encompassed road engineers, project planners, and directors (KERRA), road supervisors, road inspectors, road surveyors, contractors, and members of project implementation teams (KERRA). The unit of analysis focused on the completed roads construction projects in Nairobi City County. Proportional stratified sampling was employed to determine a sample size of 253 respondents. Data collection involved the use of a structured questionnaire, with reliability tested through the split-half method and content validity employed for validity. Descriptive statistics1 were produced, including frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and1 standard1 deviation. The study carried out diagnostic tests, including normality test, heteroscedasticity test, linearity test, and1 multicollinearity test. Multiple linear regression, an inferential statistical technique, was1 utilized1. The results were displayed through tables. The study unveiled a positive and significant relationship between socio-cultural factors, economic factors, technological factors, and political factors with project performance. Furthermore, it identified that government policies exerted a moderating effect on project performance and project stakeholder involvement played a partial mediating role in project performance. In conclusion, the study establishes a discernible relationship between socio-cultural, economic, technological, and political factors and project performance. The research recommends that project managers and policymakers collaborate with local communities to integrate their cultural practices and lifestyle patterns into project planning and execution. The research recommends that project planners and financial institutions implement robust mechanisms for interest rate management to minimize financing risks. Project managers are urged to embrace digitization and automation, leveraging on technology to address complex technicalities before and during construction. To maintain adequate government funding, the study advocates for continued advocacy efforts to highlight the positive impact of infrastructure projects on local development. Furthermore, ongoing efforts to streamline procurement processes and eliminate corruption are encouraged to ensure a conducive environment for successful project outcomes. The outcome of the study would be useful to scholars, policy makers, and project management experts and stakeholders. The study suggests1 that macro environment factors1 not considered1 in the current study can be studied in other studies
Macro environment and performance of roads construction projects in nairobi city county, kenya Akuto Musaeh Bp Kamarkor
(Kenyatta University, 2024-08) Kamarkor, Akuto Musaeh Bp
Despite being critical for Kenya's economic development, road construction projects in Nairobi City County frequently experience significant performance issues. These challenges are largely due to a variety of environmental factors that disrupt project success. Consequently, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the macro environment and the performance of roads construction projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives included establishing the connections between socio-cultural factors, economic factors, technological aspects and political factors with the performance of roads construction projects in Nairobi City County. Additionally, the research aimed to assess the moderating impact of government policies on the relationship between macro environment factors and project performance. Furthermore, it aimed to evaluate the mediating influence of project stakeholders’ involvement on the connection between macro environment factors and project performance. The theoretical foundations guiding this study encompassed Systems Theory, stakeholder theory, upper echelons’ theory, and contingency theory. Utilizing a positive research philosophy, the study adopted a descriptive and explanatory research design. Nairobi City County, in this context, referred to the five counties in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area: Nairobi County, Kiambu County, Kajiado County, Machakos County, and Murang’a County. The target audience comprised the 176 completed roads construction projects in Nairobi City County executed by the Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KERRA). The unit of observation encompassed road engineers, project planners, and directors (KERRA), road supervisors, road inspectors, road surveyors, contractors, and members of project implementation teams (KERRA). The unit of analysis focused on the completed roads construction projects in Nairobi City County. Proportional stratified sampling was employed to determine a sample size of 253 respondents. Data collection involved the use of a structured questionnaire, with reliability tested through the split-half method and content validity employed for validity. Descriptive statistics1 were produced, including frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and1 standard1 deviation. The study carried out diagnostic tests, including normality test, heteroscedasticity test, linearity test, and1 multicollinearity test. Multiple linear regression, an inferential statistical technique, was1 utilized1. The results were displayed through tables. The study unveiled a positive and significant relationship between socio-cultural factors, economic factors, technological factors, and political factors with project performance. Furthermore, it identified that government policies exerted a moderating effect on project performance and project stakeholder involvement played a partial mediating role in project performance. In conclusion, the study establishes a discernible relationship between socio-cultural, economic, technological, and political factors and project performance. The research recommends that project managers and policymakers collaborate with local communities to integrate their cultural practices and lifestyle patterns into project planning and execution. The research recommends that project planners and financial institutions implement robust mechanisms for interest rate management to minimize financing risks. Project managers are urged to embrace digitization and automation, leveraging on technology to address complex technicalities before and during construction. To maintain adequate government funding, the study advocates for continued advocacy efforts to highlight the positive impact of infrastructure projects on local development. Furthermore, ongoing efforts to streamline procurement processes and eliminate corruption are encouraged to ensure a conducive environment for successful project outcomes. The outcome of the study would be useful to scholars, policy makers, and project management experts and stakeholders. The study suggests1 that macro environment factors1 not considered1 in the current study can be studied in other studies
Managerial Processes and Performance of Rural Electrification Projects in Kitui County, Kenya.
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Mueni, Kathongo Stellah; Mary Ragui; Caleb Kirui
government invests in rural electrification projects to boost the country's socioeeconomic development and growth. However, despite the efforts put by the government, performance of the projects remains to be poor in terms of projects efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction of the customer‟s needs. The study sought to establish the effect of managerial processes on performance of rural electrification project in Kitui County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the influence of monitoring and evaluation, risk management, stakeholder management and resource mobilization on the performance of rural electrification projects. In addition, the study sought to establish the moderating effect of regulatory framework and mediating effect of organization structure on relationship between managerial processes and performance of projects. The study was underpinned by resource based view theory and supported by stakeholder theory and management competency theory. The study was guided by positivism as a philosophical foundation. To achieve the study‟s objectives, descriptive and explanatory research design was used. The study target population was 125 rural electrification projects in Kitui County. The study targeted 75 respondents and census approach was used. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed by the use of descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data by use of content analysis. The diagnostic tests undertaken by the study were multicollinearity, homoscedasticity, linearity and normality test. Multiple regression analysis established the effects of managerial processes on performance of RE projects. SPSS software was in analysis of quantitative data. The study findings showed that monitoring and evaluation, risk management, and resource mobilization had positive significant effect on the performance of projects while stakeholder management had insignificant effect on performance. Further, the study results indicated that regulatory framework and organization structure had moderating and partial mediating effects on the relationship between managerial processes and performance of the rural electrification projects. The study recommended that the government to get more organizations to help in implementing rural electrification projects, ensure compliance of polices and electricity regulation and finally ensure frequent review of policies to be in line with vision 2030. Further, the study recommended organization to get other independent bodies to conduct monitoring and evaluation of the projects.
Mobile technology services and performance of deposit taking savings and credit cooperative societies in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2016-11) Mugo, David Muchangi
Kenya's Vision 2030 requires a vibrant and a stable financial system. Deposit-Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) are expected to playa key role towards the realization of this vision by spreading the financial services among Kenyans especially those not served by commercial banks. Despite their role in the economy, Deposit-Taking SACCOs continue to face a number of challenges including stiff competition for.membership from other deposit taking institutions, efficiency challenges characterized by poor information delivery channels and high operational costs, high demands for loans which they are unable to meet due to liquidity shortages and capital inadequacy among other challenges. To enhance their performance, Deposit-Taking SACCOs like other financial institutions have adopted 'and are using mobile technology services. However, the effect of these mobile technology services on performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs has not been well studied. Even though some studies have indicated the potential of mobile technology services towards improving organizational performance, other studies indicate that they have no effect on organizational performance. Given these contradictions, this study sought to investigate the effect of these mobile technology services on performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study addressed five objectives. The first four objectives were to determine the effect of mobile banking services, mobile communication services, mobile web services, and Saccolink debit card services on performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs respectively. The fifth objective was to determine the moderating effect of government policies on the relationship between mobile technology services and performance of Deposit-Taking . SACCOs in Kenya. This study adopted positivism philosophy as it aimed at testing hypotheses derived from a predetermined conceptual framework. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were adopted using quantitative and qualitative approach to data collection, analysis and reporting. Using simple random sampling, the study was based on a sample of 86 Deposit-Taking SACCOs drawn from a target population of 110 Deposit-Taking SACCOs that were licensed by SACCO Societies Regulatory Authority as at 31 st December 2011. A structured questionnaire administered to two managers (from information technology and finance departments) in each Deposit-Taking SACCO was used to collect primary data. Additionally, secondary data covering five years on performance (membership and return on assets) of Deposit-Taking SACCOs was· collected. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the patterns in the collected data. While multiple linear regression model was applied on the quantitative data to generate coefficients and their corresponding t-statistics and p-values used to test hypotheses, qualitative data from the questionnaires was analyzed using content analysis. Inferential analysis revealed the existence of statistically significant positive effect of mobile banking services, mobile communication services and Saccolink debit card services on all the three performance indicators (efficiency, membership and return on assets) of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in Kenya. Additionally, the results indicated a positive moderating effect of government policies on the relationship between mobile technology services and performance of Deposit-Taking SACCOs in Kenya. The study therefore recommends more investments and increased utilization of mobile technology services within Deposit-Taking SACCOs. Additionally, the Government and other policy makers should formulate strategies aimed at encouraging increased innovation and utilization of mobile technology services within the Deposit-Taking SACCOs sub-sector.
Operations Strategy and Performance of Management Consultancy Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2019-05) Wandiga, Eunice Ngina,
Competition in the modern world requires consultancy firms to adopt operations strategies that will ensure superior performance. Previous studies have identified challenges facing consultancy firms which have led to their poor performance such as uncertainty of returns, poor reputation, development of sustainable strategies and inadequate resources. Strategic management literature has not addressed performance dimensions of these firms and the dimensions used by practising firms have not been tested empirically. Previous research on operations strategy has concentrated on manufacturing sector through conceptual reasoning and at aggregate levels only. There is lack of empirical investigation linking operations strategy with performance among management consultancy firms. Therefore, this research aimed at investigating the effect of operations strategy on performance of management consultancy firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. More specifically, it assessed the effect of resource management strategy, facility strategy, value proposition strategy and knowledge-based value chain strategy on performance of management consultancy firms in Nairobi City County. The study also sought to establish the mediating and moderating effect of organizational competences and regulatory framework respectively on the relationship between operations strategy and performance. This study was anchored on resource-based view theory, knowledge value chain model, social capital theory, Hayes and Wheelwright four stage model and the institutional theory. The study was founded on positivism philosophy and adopted a descriptive and explanatory research designs. Target population for the study was all the 227 management consultancy firms in human resource, marketing, accounting and finance and operations management in Nairobi City County out of which 144 were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Primary data was collected using semi structured questionnaire. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypotheses testing was carried out at 5% significance level and F-statistic was used to test the significance of the model and computed at 95% confidence level. Quantitative data was presented in form of tables and charts. Qualitative data collected through open ended questions was analysed using conceptual content analysis. The study found that resource management strategy, value proposition strategy and knowledge-based value chain strategy have a significant positive effect on performance of management consultancy firms in Nairobi City County while facility strategy has no significant effect. Organizational competences have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between operations strategy and performance of management consultancy firms in Nairobi City County while regulatory framework has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between operations strategy and performance. The study recommends that the management of management consultancy firms in Nairobi City County should focus on deploying resource management, value proposition and knowledge based value chain strategies in a more strategically aligned manner in order to gain value, rarity, inimitability, organization specificity and non- substitutability. They should focus on building competences such as allocated, administrative, transactional and technical competences to guarantee sustained performance through maintaining their staff for a longer period of time, organising training seminars, meetings and encouraging information sharing. They should also develop and implement strategies to minimize the effect of the regulatory framework on the performance of consultancy firms and the government should come up with policies that are not punitive to the consultancy firms so as not to negatively affect their performance. The study called on future research to investigate the effect of operations strategy on performance in other service oriented organisations.
Performance contracting and service delivery in selected Kenyan public universities
(2014-09-09) Wambua, Peter Philip
Performance contracting has largely been considered as the remedy to the quality of service delivery in public universities in Kenya. However this has not been the case and therefore, this study intended to analyze the disconnect between the implementation of performance contracting as a management tool in public universities in Kenya in 2012. It specifically sought to: (i) determine the extent to which employees' teaching workload affected the level of service delivery in selected public universities in Kenya; (ii) evaluate employee's administrative work systems contribution to service delivery; (iii) examine the effect of employees' participation in community service on the quality of service delivery; and (iv) establish the relationship between organizational factors and the level of service delivery in the study area. The study used a descriptive design to describe some aspects of performance contracting and make directional predictions on its effects on the quality of service delivery by university lecturers. Empirical evidence was collected from three (3) public universities comprising 848 lecturers among the 5,630 working in the seven (7) public universities in Kenya using questionnaires. In total 142 staff members were randomly selected as questionnaire respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple regression based on a General Linear Model (GLM). The descriptive findings showed that a majority of lecturers were aware of performance contracting in their universities but understood it in different versions and terminologies. The prediction of between-subjects effects of employees' teaching workload on the level of service delivery established a strong relationship between the two at least at 90% confidence interval (CI).Moreover, the F-test confirmed at least at 90% C1 that there was a strong relationship between administrative work systems and the level of service delivery, and that it was not due by mere chance. Results of objective three upholds the working hypothesis stating that employees' participation in community service was positively related to the level of service delivery at university level in Kenya. Other tests of between-subjects effects established at least at 90% C1 that the level of service delivery was also significantly reliable on an organizational environment that was conducive for academic work. The study concluded that the university tangibles, and reliability of the lecturers as well as their responsiveness, assurance and empathy significantly depend on their teaching workload, administrative work systems, participation in community service and involvement in organizational matters. Hence, the researcher recommends that there should be stakeholders' consultation and involvement, proper management by objectives practices and setting of challenging and attainable targets. The universities shall endeavor to engage academic teaching staff in designing the targets of performance contracting to create their awareness and train them on the same. They shall also provide some socio-economic incentives to motivate academic teaching members of staff improve the quality of their services. The management of universities shall establish a body to develop, sustain, monitor and evaluate the performance contracting practices across public universities. It shall also extend its resources towards establishing causes of weak administrative work systems and participation in community service, which were sometimes unable to significantly explain the quality of service delivery in the selected public universities of Kenya. The researcher was able to link performance contracting to outcomes in public universities.
Project Governance and Sustainability of Youth Empowerment Projects in Makueni County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Kaumbulu, Ambrose Kyalo; Stephen Muathe; Rosemary James
The youth empowerment projects have been a strategic asset towards the growth of the economy as the youth constitute the most productive resource in the near future; Kenya has or will ever have. The Kenya vision 2030 recognizes the importance of youth empowerment in its socio- economic pillar through several implementations to empower the youths. However, in Makueni County concerns have been raised concerning the sustainability of youth empowerment projects as most of the projects fail to live up to their expectations. Hence, this study sought to examine the effect of project governance on sustainability of youth empowerment projects in Makueni County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of stakeholder management, governance structure, and project team diversity on sustainability of youth empowerment projects in Makueni County, Kenya. Further, the study set to examine the mediating effect of project quality and moderating effect of project operating environment on the relationship between project governance and sustainability of youth empowerment projects in Makueni County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Systems Theory, Resource Based View Theory, Dynamic Capabilities Theory, Agency Theory, Contingency Theory and Stakeholder Theory. The study was steered by Positivism Philosophy whereas both descriptive and explanatory research designs were employed. The target population was 28 youth empowerment projects in Makueni County. A sample size of 196 respondents was computed by use of Krejcie and Morgan Formula, a census and proportionate stratified random sampling techniques were employed to pick an appropriate and representative sample from each sector of the youth empowerment projects. To gather data from respondents, a self-administered questionnaire was utilized, which was then analysed through both descriptive and inferential analysis. The descriptive statistic was utilized to explain and outline the characteristics of the data from the survey, and inferential statistics through multiple regression analysis was employed to test the nature and magnitude of the hypothesized relationship between the project governance and project sustainability. The findings were summarized in figures and tables for clear comprehension and interpretation. The study findings indicated that stakeholder management; governance structure and project team diversity positively and significantly affected sustainability of youth empowerment projects in Makueni County. Project quality partially mediated the relationship between project governance and sustainability of youth empowerment projects in Makueni County, Kenya. Project operating environment was also found to moderate the relationship between project governance and sustainability of youth empowerment projects. The study concluded that effective project governance in regard to stakeholder management, well incorporated governance structures and effective project team diversity affects project quality positively and significantly thus, affecting project sustainability. The study recommends project management to consider involving all stakeholders throughout all the phases of project initiation and implementation. The study also recommends that to enhance project sustainability, need arises to put to place effective governance structures. Moreover, there is need for project management to strive to accommodate diversity within the project team. The project management should also enable a stable project operating environment for the youth projects to achieve the sustainability benefits of being economically, environmentally and socially stable.
Project Life Cycle Management and Performance of Selected Mega Dam Projects in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Bongei, Michael
Performance of large projects including mega dams is strongly correlated to strict adherence to project life cycle (PLC) phases, while considering the risks such as displacement of people and natural ecosystem disturbance. Understanding these risks helps project managers and stakeholders make informed decisions thus creating a positive legacy for the project in the long run. The main objective of the thesis was to determine theiinfluenceiofiprojectilifeicycleimanagementioniperformanceiofitheimega dam projects in Kenya, moderated by risk management practices and mediated by technological innovationicapabilities.iTheispecificiobjectivesiincluded:itoiassessihow project initiation management, project planning management, project implementation management and project monitoring influences performance of mega dam projects in Kenya. The study was was founded on Theory of Change, Resource-Based View Theory, Agency Theory, Risk Management Theory and Diffusion of Innovations Theory. This study wasiguided byipositivistiresearchiphilosophy.iAidescriptiveicross-sectional survey research design was adopted. In this study the unit of analysis was 18 mega dam projects launched and completed across Kenya as listed under the Ministry of Water, Sanitation, and Irrigation (MoWSI) as at September 2023while the unit of observation was three officials (project manager, project engineer, geospatial engineer) in the MoWSI. A Census of all mega dams completed in Kenya was conducted. In addition, the study purposively interviewed 5 key stakeholders including the cabinet secretary, permanent secretary from the MWSI, donor, contractor and one randomly selected beneficiary from the community with the target mega dam. This formed a total sample size of 180 respondents. Primary data was collected using semi structured questionnaires as well as Key Informant Interview (KII) guide. Combination of quantitative and qualitative data from multiple sources and perspectives provided a more comprehensive and robust understanding. Questionnaire pretesting was done by a way of pilot testing to ascertain the validity and reliability of the tools. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse, summarize and describe the key characteristics of the data, as well as draw conclusions and make inferences. Based on the findings, the study concluded that project initiation management positively and significantly influences performance of selected mega dam projects in Kenya. In addition, the study concluded that project planning managementipositivelyiandisignificantlyiinfluencesiperformanceiofiselected mega dam projects in Kenya. Further, the study concluded that project implementation management positively andisignificantlyiinfluencesiperformanceiofiselectedimegaidamiprojects in Kenya.iBasedionitheifindings,itheistudyiconcludedithatiprojectimonitoring positively and significantlyiinfluencesiperformanceiofiselectedimegaidamiprojects in Kenya. The study alsoiconcludesithatiriskimanagementipracticeihasisignificantimoderating effect on the relationshipibetweeniprojectilifeicycleimanagementiandiperformanceiof selected mega dam projects in Kenya. Further, the study concludes that technological innovation capabilities hasisignificantimediatingieffectionitheirelationshipibetweeniproject life cycle management and performance of selected mega dam projects in Kenya. This study therefore recommends that project managers should give priority to project initiation management, project planning management, project implementation management, project monitoring, risk management practice and technological innovation capabilities.

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