RP-Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Browsing RP-Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology by Subject "Acetylcholinesterase"

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    In Vitro Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Crude Fruits Sap Extract of Solanum incanum in Green Peach Aphids
    (OMICS International, 2015) Umar, A.; Mgutu, A.J.; Piero, N.M.; Njoroge, A.W.; Njoroge, G.S.; Maina, M.B.; Muriithi, N.J.; Kiambi, M.J.; Mutero, N.G.; Mwonjoria, J.K.
    Acetylcholinesterase is a key enzyme that terminates nerve impulses by catalyzing the hydrolysis of neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, in the nervous system in various organisms. Irreversible inhibitors have been developed as insecticides such as organophosphates and carbamates. Aqueous crude fruit sap extract of S. incanum was evaluated for acetylcholinesterase activity in green peach aphids using Ellman’s method and is found active in inhibiting the ACHe of green peach aphids. All tested concentrations of crude fruits sap extract of S. incanum possessed the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase of green peach aphids at dose dependent manner and IC50 of 49.9 was calculated. This study suggest that aqueous crude fruit sap extract of S. incanum inhibit the acetylcholinesterase of the green peach aphids and it is possible the extract has compounds that increase both the level and duration of the neurotransmitter action.
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    Population Dynamics and Insecticide Resistance in Tuta Absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), an Invasive Pest on Tomato in Kenya
    (CellPress, 2023) Ong’onge, Maureen Adhiambo; Ajene, Inusa Jacob; Runo, Steven; Sokame, Bonoukpo´e Mawuko; Khamis, Fathiya Mbarak
    Tuta absoluta feeds on solanaceous plants with preference on tomato. Management of the pest is mostly with chemical insecticides. This study identified insecticide resistant populations and predicted resistance to insecticides. Insecticide resistance development was modelled using system thinking, and system dynamics approaches. The model showed the pest resistance development is alarming with an exponential increase of the resistance strength mostly in recent years. Furthermore, we used seven insecticide-resistance gene markers to resolve the population structure and genetic differentiation of insecticide-resistant populations in Kenya. The genes for resistance (knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and voltage gated sodium channel (para)) were detected in all populations. Population structure analyses separated T. absoluta populations into three genetic clusters with resistant genes that are interconnected. A better insight on the population dynamics and the genetic structure T. absoluta resistant genes in Kenya will help estimate resistance strength and determine the most effective pest control strategies.