RP-School of Applied Human Sciences

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Status and In-Service Training Needs of the 2000- 2009 Tailoring and Dressmaking Graduates of Outreach Skills Training Centre at Kenyatta University
(1987) Tumuti, D.W.; Nguku, E.K.; Oigo, B.; Kimemia, M.
Service to humanity is one of the major core values and an important component of Kenyatta University's mission statement. To accomplish this mission, the university initiated the Directorate of Community Outreach and Extension Programs (COEP) in 2007. The directorate is charged with the responsibility of organizing Kenyatta University community to give services to the Kenyan communities based on their needs by equipping them with knowledge, skills, information and other resources in order to improve their quality of life. The Directorate operates under four (4) major programs, one of which is training the underprivileged youth from the surrounding communities in employable trade skills. Currently, this program is training the youth in Tailoring and Dressmaking. The programme was initiated in 1999 to train youth from the neighbouring Kiwanja Village. Since then, the Directorate has expanded its catchment area to include youth from other neighbouring communities. The target population is the underprivileged youth who are either primary or secondary school leavers/drop outs majority of them being household workers, teenage mothers and others who could not continue with their formal education. This paper outlines the findings of a study done in 2011 to determine the status and in-service training needs of the program graduates from the first ten years since inception. The major findings indicated that 76 percent of those who registered for the training completed it. The trainees who completed the program either became self employed, got jobs in related and unrelated areas while others did not work at all. Those working in dress making related areas were not fully able to cope with market demand since they had never upgraded their skills after the initial training. Those who were not working at all and those working in unrelated areas could not retain their skills after leaving the centre due to lack of practice. Most of the problems experienced by program graduates revolved around lack of adequate skills, lack of initial capital to start personal business, lack of interest, and low self confidence especially in context of the current apparel and fashion industry which is technologically developing very fast both locally and internationally. It is evident that most of the program graduates require further training to close the gap between their skills and the skill requirements in the job market. This paper highlights the status and training needs of the program graduates as indicated in the research findings.
Home Computers: Implications of Computerized Living on Families and Home Economics Education
(1988) Ngige, L.W.
This paper examines the home computer as a resource of the information age, its applications, implications for families and the home economics profession, and its relevance to Kenya at a time when developing economies and universities had not embraced information communication technology. Computers have been the greatest milestone in the history of mankind’s invention of equipment. Computers have made space, travel, and advanced telecommunications possible. Society has changed more rapidly since its invention than any other time in history. Futurists tell us that the electronic pacemaker will impact every aspect of human life. The applications are now available in the home, school and the business world. In the developed countries, home computers are common household equipment. Some pointers on evaluating computers dealers and factors to consider before purchasing computers are offered.
The Nature of Work and Problems of Rural Women in Kenya: Implication for Home Economics
(Education Resources Information Centre, 1990) Tumuti, D.W.
Home Economics is a profession which helps families and individuals to improve their quality of life. The majority of families in Kenya live and work in rural areas where facilities and resources are limited. Women provide 60-80% of the farm labor. Despite the hard working conditions, rural women have a major responsibility in promoting the standard of living in rural areas. They need professional help in order to utilize the available resources wisely. Home Economics curriculum at all levels of education should include some subsistence farming, food storage, and utilization and should incorporate family and population concepts in all Home Economics related subjects. There is a need to carry out research and to develop appropriate labor and time saving tools and equipment for the tasks performed by rural women both in their homes and on their farms. Training institutions offering Home Economics should develop outreach programs as an extra-curricular activity to visit and educate the rural community around the institutions. When dealing with an area that is as comprehensive as rural families' welfare, a proper coordination and integration within all the government and non-government agencies working for rural development is needed in order to avoid wasting of resources and to minimize duplication and confusion that would be created in the field. (ABL)
Nutrition and Cancer: A Review.
(PubMed, 1990-03) Oniang'o, R. K.; Rogo, K. O.
The issue about the aetiology of malignancies on the whole remains mysterious. There have been strong suggestion that, amongst other things, certain forms of cancer may be diet related. This has led to drastic changes in food consumption patterns in some parts of the Western world. The world over, certain types of cancers have been shown to be on the increase and the changing patterns of food consumption have occasionally been blamed. This paper reviews current thoughts in the relationship between cancer and nutrition.
Effects of Working Mothers on Child Development in Kenya
(Education Resources Information Centre, 1991) Tumuti, D.W.
More women have entered the job market than ever before. With the current socioeconomic changes and with more women attaining education, the number of working women is going to increase rapidly. Most of the working women are of childbearing age and have both preschool and school-age children. While women have to work, it is becoming rather difficult for them to get good substitutes for child rearing. Poor child rearing has been associated with poor child development. The effect of the current child rearing practices has not been questioned in Kenyan society. Its effects should be of major concern not only to parents but also to employers, educators, and the society at large if children are expected to grow normally. Erikson's stages of psychological and cognitive development have been used as a yardstick to illustrate the effect of the current child rearing in Kenya. Kenyan women are being encouraged to enter the job market by current socioeconomic changes and by the education system and this is not expected to change. The role of housemaids, day care centers, and other forms of child rearing will remain dominant. It is important therefore to explore all possible compensatory measures that would limit the possible ill effects associated with current upbringing of children to ensure advantageous and purposed child rearing. (Author/ABL)
A Family Perspective on Everyday Life
(1992) Ngige, L.W.; Vaines, E.
Shelter is a universal basic need for all families, yet the means of supplying this need are as diverse as the environments in which people live. Rather than construct a universal building code, the authors believe that it is more productive to study the meaning of the existing forms of shelter to the everyday life of families. This paper focuses on the assessment of a traditional Kenyan family using the floor plan as a tool to understand the significance of shelter to the wellbeing of family members. The paper concludes with the implications for reflective practice on the meaning and uses of space in family housing.
Administration of first-aid and prevention of injuries in Kenyan soccer
(African Forum for Health Sciences, 1994) Njororai, W.W.S.
Appropriate scientific training demands the cooperation of the coach, player, doctor and physiotherapist. The training process involves the medical examination before a competitive season, the diagnosis and treatment of injuries when they occur, the prevention of injuries and the rehabilitation of the injured back into competitive play. It is in these respects that a coach requires the services of a doctor and/or a physiotherapist on the technical bench. This study therefore attempted to establish whether the soccer coaches were benefiting from the professional support of the doctors. The study sought the views of the Kenyan soccer coaches on the administration of first-aid and the preventive measures against injuries. Specifically, the study attempted to find out whether the Kenyan soccer clubs employed team doctors, whether the coaches had adequate knowledge in first-aid, the injury prevention measures that the coaches enforced, etc. A questionnaire was administered to 42 individual soccer coaches who were attending an advanced Confederation Africaine de Football (CAF) coaching course in Nairobi. Thirty-three (78.57%) were used in the study. The participants were drawn from all the provinces of Kenya except North Eastern. The findings were that 13 (39.4%) of the clubs represented did not have a qualified medical attendant; that in the absence of a team doctor, it is the coach who mostly administered first-aid (42.4%); that out of all the coaches only 15 (45.5%) were well versed in first-aid procedures, among others
The asthma six-minute provocation test and mountain climbing in children
(Kenya Medical Association, 1994) Wekesa, M.; Langhof, H.; Sack, P.
We investigated the intensity of exercise in the asthma six-minute provocation test (ASMT) for asthmatic patients and mountain climbing. Six asthmatic boys with mean age 11.7 +/- 2.1 years and mean weight 44.5 +/- 13.2 kg participated in this study. HR, FEV1 and RR values were recorded. In both forms of exercise, the participants achieved intensities of over 160 beats/min. EIA was diagnosed in five of them after the SSMT. There was not much variability in the PEFR values observed during mountain climbing. The rise in systolic pressure was within normal. The echocardiogram (ECG) was not pathologic. Further investigations are required to establish the suitability of mountain climbing as an appropriate form of sport for asthmatics.
A study of the pattern of injuries during the Rugby World Cup pre-qualifying tournament held in Nairobi
(African Forum for Health Sciences, 1994) Wekesa, M.; Asembo, J.M.; Njororai, W.W.
Rugby, like other contact sports, is associated with injuries. We set out to investigate all injuries that led either to a temporary stoppage of the game and/or substitution of a player during the Rugby World Cup pre-qualifying tournament. A total of six matches were played involving the Arabian Gulf, Kenya, Namibia and Zimbabwe. We recorded a total of 47 injuries, giving an injury rate of eight per match. The number of injuries decreased from 38.3% in the first matches to 23.4% in the final ones. The majority of the injuries affected soft tissues, the most serious of them being a concussion. Anatomically, the lower limbs suffered the majority of injuries (46.81%) followed by the head, trunk and upper limbs with 21.29%, 17.03% and 12.78% respectively. Slightly more injuries occurred during the defensive actions (53.19%) than offensive (46.81%) ones. More injuries occurred in thee second half (61.70%) than the first (38.3%). Some of our findings are in agreement with those of earlier studies. However, further investigations are necessary to establish a clear cut pattern of injuries in this sport.
Intra-Household Resource Allocation, Decision Making and Child Nutritional Status in Rural Thika, Kenya
(1995) Ngige, L.W.
This article examines the relationship between intra-household resource allocation, decision making patterns and pre-school children’s nutritional status in rural Thika, Kenya. The study utilized the family resource management perspective. A random sample of 283 respondents comprising of 92 fathers, 94 mothers and 97 children participated in the study. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with fathers and mothers, and anthropometric measurements of pre-school children aged 3 to 6 years. Results showed that 34.4% of the children were severely malnourished, 26.0% were classified as moderately malnourished, and 39.6% were categorized as well nourished. Maternal factors that had significant relationships with children’s nutritional status included mothers’ level of education (p=0.007), participation in decision making (p=0.029), and time use (p=0.008). Paternal factor that was significant included fathers’ occupations (p=0.003). Other significant factors were cooking facility (p=0.49), food variety (p=0.004), and food distribution at the household level (p=0.025). The paper concludes with implications for community resource management and nutrition intervention.
A one year prospective study of soccer injuries in the 1992-1993 Kenyan national team
(African Forum for Health Sciences, 1995) Wekesa, M.
Injuries are common in all sports, including soccer. Most of these injuries can be prevented if their aetiology, mechanisms and predisposing actions are analyzed. There were a total of 32 injuries in the study period. The incidence of lesions was 1.78 per match or 1.1 per player. 43.75% were contusions, 31.25% overuse and 25% sprains. 34.38% of the injuries affected the groin/thigh, 28.13% the knee and 25% the ankle. The right side of the body (65.63%) suffered more injuries. The opponent (60%), ball (12%) and the ground (10%) were the major causes. The activities during injury were running/dribbling (43.8%), tackling (18.8%) and heading (9.4%). A similar study of longer duration is recommended
The effect of the offside rule abolition on selected offensive actions, fouls and injuries in field hockey
(1998) Asembo, J.M.; Mwisukha, A.; Njororai, W.W.S.
The offside rule in Field Hockey was abolished recently by the International Hockey Federation Rule Board (FIHRB). It was assumed that this would shift the balance of power from the defenders to the strikers. Thus, the present study aimed at assessing the effect of this rule change on the technical - tactical factors infield hockey. Twenty eight (28) matches (25%) of the total 112 matches played during the 1995/96 Kenya National Hockey league were randomly sampled (14 before and 14 after offside rule abolition) for this study. The matches were independently observed by two experienced observers who viewed un-edited-pre-recorded video tapes and recorded fouls, crosses, penalty corners, corners, penalty flicks, injuries, attempts at goal and goals scored. Only the actions between the opponents' goal line and the 25-yard line were observed. In relation to injuries, only those that led to temporary stoppage of the game or to substitution of the injured player were registered. The data was analysed descriptively. Among other findings, it was observed that there were more fouls (50.78%), penalty flicks (61.90%), corners (55.09%), injuries (60.90%), attempts at goal (55.17%), goals (57.52%), but crosses (46.91%) and penalty corners (49.07%) decreased with the abolition of the offside rule. The winners had a higher number of all match actions observed compared to losers both before and after the rule abolition. Similarly, more actions were observed in the second half as compared to the first half of matches both before and after the abolition of the offside rule. The findings of this study showed that the abolition of the offside rule made the game more offensive, hence more goals were scored in the matches observed.
Sport Education: Ideology, Evidence and Implications for Physical Education in Africa
(Taylor & Francis, 1998) Shehu, Jimoh
In recent years a neo-liberal sport education paradigm has sought to refurbish traditional physical education frameworks and operative rules. This paper subjects the sport education model to critical scrutiny and deconstruction. It is argued that this model deserves attention because it places the ethics and logic of secondary school physical education on shifting sands. More importantly, it has hegemonic implications for physical education praxis in African schools.
Predictors of financial satisfaction: Differences between retirees and non-retirees
(Association for Financial Counseling and Planning Education, 1998) Mugenda, Olive M.; Hira, T. K.
The main purpose of this study was to identify differences in factors that predict financial satisfaction among retirees and non-retirees and to ascertain how retirees and non-retirees differ in financial beliefs and behavior. Non-retirees were more likely than otherwise similar retirees to report worrying about finances. A higher proportion of non-retirees reported dissatisfaction with various aspects of their financial situation. However, non-retirees were more likely to perceive themselves as financially better off in comparison to others, or in relation to the past, than the retired respondents. Non-retirees were more optimistic about their future financial situation.
Academic performance of kenyan secondary school athletes and non-athletes
(AFAHPER-SD, 1999) Rintaugu, E.G.; Akpata, D.O.
This study investigated the relationship between participation in competitive sports and academic performance of secondary school students in Kenya. It was hypothesized that athletes will have better academic performance than non-athletes. Gender, type of school, social economic status (SES), Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (K.C.P.E.) marks and participation in competitive sports were used as independent variables, while academic performance was regarded as the dependent variable. Data were collected from 490 subjects randomly selected from 15 secondary schools within Nairobi Province of Kenya. Questionnaires, interviews and school records were used for data collection. Data were analysed through MANOVA and Tukey H.SD. tests. Findings revealed that athletes consistently performed better than non-athletes. It was also found that SES, K.C.P.E. and type of school correlated positively with academic performance while sex did not. It was recommended that competitive sports be emphasized in secondary schools because it is not detrimental to academic performance.
The role of garment sizing in creation of customer satisfaction: Indications from focus group responses
(Emerald, 2000) Otieno, R.
Meeting sizing needs in today's clothing is an important aspect of customer satisfaction. Based on the critical incident and grounded theory techniques, data from focus groups with parents are analysed to establish consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction with children's garment sizing. While results revealed that parents were dissatisfied with garment sizing, the study focuses on specific causes of dissatisfaction. The centrality of efficient sizing in creation of consumer satisfaction is underscored.
Development of a conceptual framework of the role of sizing in marketing strategy within clothing firms: Indications from in‐depth interviews with manufacturers
(Emerald, 2000) Otieno, R.
The aim of this research was to develop a conceptual framework of the role of garment sizing in the marketing strategy of clothing manufacturing firms in Kenya. From the review of literature, salient components of marketing principles and practices that had been analysed by preceding authors provided the theoretical basis for this qualitative study. The procedures for the in‐depth interviews with 13 clothing manufacturers and ten retailers are explained. Based on grounded theory techniques, the data from the interviews were analysed, resulting in a conceptual framework for determining marketing strategy in this clothing market. Results showed that these firms are still market production oriented, and may face severe competition from inward‐bound competitors who are marketing oriented. This exploratory study contextualised the role of size charts in the marketing strategy of clothing firms.
Gender Differences in Financial Perceptions, Behaviors and Satisfaction
(Institute of Certified Financial Planners, 2000-02-01) Mugenda, Olive M.; Hira, T. K.
Research has demonstrated that there are differences in the way men and women perceive financial issues. This article provides a summary of one such study, and presents several findings and conclusions in the hope of giving financial advisors insight into gender-influenced factors that may explain clients' spending behaviors.
Sport s as means of preventing conflicts in institutions of higher learning
(Kenyatta University, 2001) Onywera, Vincent; Mwisukha, A.; Njororai, W.W.S.
Conflicts in Institutions of Higher Learning have been a disturbing phenomenon for many years. Colleges and Universities in many parts of East Africa have experienced problems associated with student riots and demonstration. Conflicts are known not only to be expensive to institutions of learning in terms of time, money and inconvenience, but also to the learners, sponsors and other stakeholders in education. A lot of effort has been put in place to eradicate this menace in the education sector, yet student unrest continues to be on the rise. More concerted effort needs to be put in place to eradicate this problem. Sport has certain unique values that can help learners enjoy their leisure time. Sport is a human activity that involves specific administrative organisation and a historical background of rules, which define the objective and limit the pattern of human behaviour. It involves competition or challenge and a definite outcome primarily determined by physical skill. Through participation in sports; students release emotions, experience success, socialize, control behaviour and affirm identity. Therefore if institutions of learning took sport seriously, putting rules and regulations to ensure that all students engaged in sport as an agent for change and development, cases of student riots and demonstrations might be controlled.
Analysis of acute injuries incurred by players in the preliminary phase of the 2001 Moi golden cup soccer tournament in Kenya
(2001) Onywera, V.O.; Njororai, W. W. S.; Mwisukha, A.
Irrespective of the nature, cause and mechanism, injuries are a serious hazard in many sports. Injuries hamper the players' performance both in training and competition, disrupt the ,. conditioning process arid) thus preventthem from realizing their playing potential. However, with surveillance of injuries, preventive, treatment and rehabilitation measures can be formulated. This study investigated injuries that led either to a temporary stoppage of the game and/or substitution of a player during the preliminary phase of the 2001 Moi Golden Cup Soccer Tournament in Kenya A total of 15 matches were played in the preliminary phase, Three independent research assistants who recorded the injuries in a protocol sheet observed each match. Forty-three (43) injuries were registered during this phase. The majority of the injuries affected soft tissues (67.8%). The most serious injuries were dislocations and fractures. The lower part of the body suffered more injuries occurred in the offensive part of the field (44.2%). The majority of injuries affected attackers (44.2%) as compared t defenders and mid fielders. The home team suffered more injuries (61.4%) compared to the away team. The loosing team recorded more injuries (51%) than the winning team. Given that most of the injuries were caused by opponents, it is recommended that team officials emphasize the use of protective gear as well as effective physical conditioning of their respective team players. There is also need to replicate the study on more comprehensive scales at international levels.

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