RP-School of Applied Human Sciences

Permanent URI for this community

https://repository.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5402

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 546

Academic performance of kenyan secondary school athletes and non-athletes
(AFAHPER-SD, 1999) Rintaugu, E.G.; Akpata, D.O.
This study investigated the relationship between participation in competitive sports and academic performance of secondary school students in Kenya. It was hypothesized that athletes will have better academic performance than non-athletes. Gender, type of school, social economic status (SES), Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (K.C.P.E.) marks and participation in competitive sports were used as independent variables, while academic performance was regarded as the dependent variable. Data were collected from 490 subjects randomly selected from 15 secondary schools within Nairobi Province of Kenya. Questionnaires, interviews and school records were used for data collection. Data were analysed through MANOVA and Tukey H.SD. tests. Findings revealed that athletes consistently performed better than non-athletes. It was also found that SES, K.C.P.E. and type of school correlated positively with academic performance while sex did not. It was recommended that competitive sports be emphasized in secondary schools because it is not detrimental to academic performance.
Academic Status of the Coach and Team Performance in the Kenyan National Soccer and Volleyball Leagues
(EJHS, 2021) Mucheke, Charles Muthiaine; Bailasha, Nicholas; Waiganjo, Luka Boro
Purpose: The study sought to establish whether academic status of the coach predicted team performance in the Kenyan national soccer and volleyball leagues. Methodology: The Cross-Sectional survey used a population of the 53 head coaches handling team in the Kenyan soccer and volleyball leagues in the 2020-2021 season. Census sampling was used to pick the 53 coaches for the study. Data collection instrument was a self-administered questionnaire. The Leadership Scale for Sport questionnaire (LSS) was used to capture player’s perception on coach competence. The coaches’ questionnaire was divided into sections which captured demographics and academic background. The study used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22) for data analysis. Information was organized and presented using descriptive statistics and was analyzed at 0.05 significance level. Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact test was used to predict coach academic status on the team’s performance. Data was projected in figures and tables and relevant discussions were made. Findings: Chi square and Fisher’s Exact Test results showed that coaches academic status had a significant effect on team performance (χ2 =18.419, 0.031 ≤ p 0.05 9df). The fisher’s exact test had a p value of 0.016 which was also less than 0.05 confirming that there was a significant relationship between coaches’ academic status and team performance. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study concluded that coaches’ academic status had a significant effect on team performance. Team managers, owners and other stake holders in sports need to take up educated coaches. This is because educated coaches learn a diverse way of communication including humor, which in turns benefits communication between coaches and players which enhances team performance in the long run. In addition, coaches that are not educated need to go back to school and further their education. This will enable them to gain more skills that will be help in their teams’ performance.
Acidification, crushing and thermal treatments can influence the profile and stability of folate poly-γ-glutamates in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)
(Elsevier, 2009-12-01) Munyaka, A. W.; Oey, I.; Verlinde, P.; Loey, A. V.; Hendrickx, M.
The influence of different treatments, i.e., crushing, high temperature short time (90 °C/4 min) (HTST) and low temperature long time (60 °C/40 min) (LTLT) blanching, acidification (pH 4.3), and sequences of these treatments on the folate poly-γ-glutamate profile and stability were investigated. In this study, broccoli was used as a case study. Regarding the folate poly-γ-glutamate profile, endogenous folate poly-γ-glutamates in broccoli florets were found predominantly as hepta- and hexa-γ-glutamates. Crushing raw broccoli, acidification and LTLT blanching enhanced folate deconjugation resulting in monoglutamate, di- and tri-γ-glutamates. Compared to other treatments, HTST blanching preformed prior to crushing resulted in the highest concentration of long chain poly-γ-glutamates. Regarding folate poly-γ-glutamates stability, acidification combined with LTLT blanching decreased folate stability whereas HTST blanching combined with different sequences of blanching and crushing did not affect folate poly-γ-glutamates stability. It was concluded that crushing (prior to heating), acidification and blanching could be strategically applied to increase the folate monoglutamate content of broccoli.
Active school transport and weekday physical activity in 9–11-year-old children from 12 countries
(Nature Publishing Group, 2015) Denstel, K.D.; Broyles, S.T.; Larouche, R.; Sarmiento, O.L.; Barreira, T.V.; Chaput, J-P.; Church, T.S.; Fogelholm, M.; Hu, G.; Kuriyan, R.; Kurpad, A.; Lambert, E.V.; Maher, C.; Maia, J.; Matsudo, V.; Olds, T.; Onywera, V.O.; Standage, M.; Tremblay, M.S.; Tudor-Locke, C.; Zhao, P.; Katzmarzyk, P.T.
OBJECTIVES: Active school transport (AST) may increase the time that children spend in physical activity (PA). This study examined relationships between AST and weekday moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time (SED) and total activity during naturally organized time periods (daily, before school, during school and after school) in a sample of children from 12 countries. METHODS: The sample included 6224 children aged 9–11 years. PA and sedentary time were objectively measured using Actigraph accelerometers. AST was self-reported by participants. Multilevel generalized linear and logistic regression statistical models were used to determine associations between PA, SED and AST across and within study sites. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, highest parental educational attainment, BMI z-score and accelerometer wear time, children who engaged in AST accumulated significantly more weekday MVPA during all studied time periods and significantly less time in LPA before school compared with children who used motorized transport to school. AST was unrelated to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Across all study sites, AST was associated with 6.0 min (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7–7.3; Po0.0001) more of weekday MVPA; however, there was some evidence that this differed across study sites (P for interaction = 0.06). Significant positive associations were identified within 7 of 12 study sites, with differences ranging from 4.6 min (95% CI: 0.3–8.9; P = 0.04, in Canada) to 10.2 min (95% CI: 5.9–14.4; Po0.0001, in Brazil) more of daily MVPA among children who engaged in AST compared with motorized transport. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that AST was associated with children spending more time engaged in MVPA throughout the day and less time in LPA before school. AST represents a good behavioral target to increase levels of PA in children.
The adiposity of children is associated with their lifestyle behaviors: a cluster analysis of school-aged children from 12 nations
(World Obesity Federation, 2016) Dumuid, D.; Olds, T.; Lewis, L. K.; Martin-Fernández, J. A.; Barreira, T.; Broyles, S.; Chaput, J-P.; Fogelholm, M.; Hu, G.; Kuriyan, R.; Kurpad, A.; Lambert, E. V.; Maia, J.; Matsudo, V.; Onywera, V.O.; Sarmiento, O.L.; Standage, M.; Tremblay, M.S.; Tudor-Locke, C.; Zhao, P.; Katzmarzyk, P.; Gillison, F.; Maher, C.
Background: The relationship between children’s adiposity and lifestyle behaviour patterns is an area of growing interest. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to identify clusters of children based on lifestyle behaviours and compare children’s adiposity among clusters. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment were used. Participants: the participants were children (9–11 years) from 12 nations (n = 5710). Measures: 24-h accelerometry and self-reported diet and screen time were clustering input variables. Objectively measured adiposity indicators were waist-to-height ratio, percent body fat and body mass index z-scores. Analysis: sex-stratified analyses were performed on the global sample and repeated on a site-wise basis. Cluster analysis (using isometric log ratios for compositional data) was used to identify common lifestyle behaviour patterns. Site representation and adiposity were compared across clusters using linear models. Results: Four clusters emerged: (1) Junk Food Screenies, (2) Actives, (3) Sitters and (4) All-Rounders. Countries were represented differently among clusters. Chinese children were over-represented in Sitters and Colombian children in Actives. Adiposity varied across clusters, being highest in Sitters and lowest in Actives. Conclusions: Children from different sites clustered into groups of similar lifestyle behaviours. Cluster membership was linked with differing adiposity. Findings support the implementation of activity interventions in all countries, targeting both physical activity and sedentary time.
Administration of first-aid and prevention of injuries in Kenyan soccer
(African Forum for Health Sciences, 1994) Njororai, W.W.S.
Appropriate scientific training demands the cooperation of the coach, player, doctor and physiotherapist. The training process involves the medical examination before a competitive season, the diagnosis and treatment of injuries when they occur, the prevention of injuries and the rehabilitation of the injured back into competitive play. It is in these respects that a coach requires the services of a doctor and/or a physiotherapist on the technical bench. This study therefore attempted to establish whether the soccer coaches were benefiting from the professional support of the doctors. The study sought the views of the Kenyan soccer coaches on the administration of first-aid and the preventive measures against injuries. Specifically, the study attempted to find out whether the Kenyan soccer clubs employed team doctors, whether the coaches had adequate knowledge in first-aid, the injury prevention measures that the coaches enforced, etc. A questionnaire was administered to 42 individual soccer coaches who were attending an advanced Confederation Africaine de Football (CAF) coaching course in Nairobi. Thirty-three (78.57%) were used in the study. The participants were drawn from all the provinces of Kenya except North Eastern. The findings were that 13 (39.4%) of the clubs represented did not have a qualified medical attendant; that in the absence of a team doctor, it is the coach who mostly administered first-aid (42.4%); that out of all the coaches only 15 (45.5%) were well versed in first-aid procedures, among others
Adolescent elite Kenyan runners are at risk for energy deficiency, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating
(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2015) Muia, Esther Nduku; Hattie H. Wright; Onywera, V.O.; Kuria, E. N.
Limited data are available on the female athlete triad (Triad) in athletes from minority groups. We explored subclinical and clinical Triad components amongst adolescent elite Kenyan athletes (n = 61) and non-athletes (n = 49). Participants completed demographic, health, sport and menstrual history questionnaires as well as a 5-day weighed dietary record and exercise log to calculate energy availability (EA). Ultrasound assessed calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD). Eating Disorder Inventory subscales and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire’s cognitive dietary restraint subscale measured disordered eating (DE). EA was lower in athletes than non-athletes (36.5 ± 4.5 vs. 39.5 ± 5.7 kcal ∙ kg FFM−1 ∙ d−1 , P = 0.003). More athletes were identified with clinical low EA (17.9% vs. 2.2%, OR = 9.5, 95% CI 1.17–77, P = 0.021) and clinical menstrual dysfunction (32.7% vs. 18.3%, χ 2 = 7.1, P = 0.02). Subclinical (75.4% vs. 71.4%) and clinical DE (4.9% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.56) as well as BMD were similar between athletes and non-athletes. More athletes had two Triad components than non-athletes (8.9% vs. 0%, OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–6.9, P = 0.05). Kenyan adolescent participants presented with one or more subclinical and/or clinical Triad component. It is essential that athletes and their entourage be educated on their energy needs including health and performance consequences of an energy deficiency.
Aerobic capacity among the rugby players in 2005 Kenya cup League
(Kenyatta University, 2009) Kamenju, J.W.; Mwangi, P. W.; Njororai, W.W.S.
One of the most common measurements of endurance fitness in exercise physiology is maximal oxygen uptake (V02max), which is an individual s capability for the uptake, transport and utilization of oxygen. The V02max determines an individual s capacity for work in a whole body activity such as rugby. This study investigated the aerobic capacity of Kenyan rugby players in 2005 Kenya cup league by their positions. The multi stage shuttle run test was used to predict individual players V02max of 90 players randomly selected from Impala, Harlequin and Nakuru rugby clubs at the beginning of the Kenya cup league competition and after eight weeks of training and competition. The study findings indicated that the backs had significantly higher V02max (44.4ml/kg/min at pretest and 43.9ml/kg/mi at posttest) than the forwards (40.8ml/kg/min at pretest and 40.9ml/kg/min at posttest). It is concluded that players in the two playing positions need training programme activities that are relevant to the specific role they play during the match.
Aerobic capacity and need for its assessment amongst athletes: the case Of Kenyatta University soccer players
(Kenyatta University & KAHPER-SD, 2003) Njororai, W. W. S.; Kamau, J. W.; Wanderi, P. M.
This paper is based on a study conducted with the aim of assessing the aerobic capacity levels of the soccer players in Kenyatta University using the Multistage Shuttle Run Test. The sample comprised eighteen soccer male players who were aged between 20- 25 years. The subjects were grouped into defenders (9), midfielders (5), strikers (2) and goalkeepers (2) and then put on the graded exercises using the shuttle run. The predicted aerobic capacity value was read against the number of shuttles a subject completed at a particular level which signified his endurance capacity. Data collected were statistically analysed by use of the dependent 't'-test and results presented with use of tables. The results indicated increased aerobic capacity values of all players between the pre-test and post-test. The results were also a good indicator of how aerobic capacity varies with players' positional roles in the game of soccer justifying the need to departmentalise the training in order for the players to get role specific aerobic capacity in line with their positional roles and functions on the field of play.
Alcohol consumption patterns of student athletes in a kenyan public university
(The Special Issue on Business and Social Science, 2011) Mwisukha, A.; Rintaugu, E.G.; Mundia, Francis M.
Alcohol use and abuse among university students is a rapidly growing concern in universities in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol consumption among university student athletes and data was collected through self administered questionnaire from (n=207) student athletes. Findings indicated that student athletes consume alcohol due to social and psychological reasons. There were no gender differences in alcohol consumption and student athletes face numerous and diverse problems associated with alcohol consumption. Educational and intervention programmers need to be put in place by sport psychologists and other help providers to student athletes who are consuming alcohol. Future studies should focus on alcohol consumption among student athletes in specific sports, high school athletes and elite athletes.
Analysis of acute injuries incurred by players in the preliminary phase of the 2001 Moi golden cup soccer tournament in Kenya
(2001) Onywera, V.O.; Njororai, W. W. S.; Mwisukha, A.
Irrespective of the nature, cause and mechanism, injuries are a serious hazard in many sports. Injuries hamper the players' performance both in training and competition, disrupt the ,. conditioning process arid) thus preventthem from realizing their playing potential. However, with surveillance of injuries, preventive, treatment and rehabilitation measures can be formulated. This study investigated injuries that led either to a temporary stoppage of the game and/or substitution of a player during the preliminary phase of the 2001 Moi Golden Cup Soccer Tournament in Kenya A total of 15 matches were played in the preliminary phase, Three independent research assistants who recorded the injuries in a protocol sheet observed each match. Forty-three (43) injuries were registered during this phase. The majority of the injuries affected soft tissues (67.8%). The most serious injuries were dislocations and fractures. The lower part of the body suffered more injuries occurred in the offensive part of the field (44.2%). The majority of injuries affected attackers (44.2%) as compared t defenders and mid fielders. The home team suffered more injuries (61.4%) compared to the away team. The loosing team recorded more injuries (51%) than the winning team. Given that most of the injuries were caused by opponents, it is recommended that team officials emphasize the use of protective gear as well as effective physical conditioning of their respective team players. There is also need to replicate the study on more comprehensive scales at international levels.
Analysis of Doctoral research at the Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University (1988-2011): Implications for health and sports development in Kenya
(2013) Rintaugu, E.G.; Amusa, L.O.; Toriola, A.L.
This article analyses studies which were conducted for doctor of philosophy degrees in the department of Physical and Health education and Exercise Science at the Kenyatta University with a view of appraising their impact and possible contribution towards sports development in Kenya. Twelve (12) studies were reviewed over the 25-year period which cut across a broad spectrum of areas of study in Physical Education and Sport ranging from Anthropology and Sports History, Didactics, Sports Administration, Outdoor Education, Social-Psychology of Sports, fitness and health-related aspects. Soccer, athletics and volleyball were predominantly investigated in the studies. In most of the studies the findings were descriptive in nature and have limited applications needed to address strategic priorities of sports development in Kenya. The department need to encourage studies which are relevant to the numerous and diverse areas in sports in Kenya and most aptly relevance to the Kenya population. Implications of the findings for post-graduate Physical Education curriculum review are discussed.
Analysis of Doctoral research at the Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University (1988-2011): implications for health and sports development in Kenya
(AFAHPER-SD, 2013) Rintaugu, E.G.; Toriola, Abel L.; Amusa, Lateef O.
This article analyses studies which were conducted for doctor of philosophy degrees in the department of Physical and Health education and Exercise Science at the Kenyatta University with a view of appraising their impact and possible contribution towards sports development in Kenya. Twelve (12) studies were reviewed over the 25-year period which cut across a broad spectrum of areas of study in Physical Education and Sport ranging from Anthropology and Sports History, Didactics, Sports Administration, Outdoor Education, Social-Psychology of Sports, fitness and health-related aspects. Soccer, athletics and volleyball were predominantly investigated in the studies. In most of the studies the findings were descriptive in nature and have limited applications needed to address strategic priorities of sports development in Kenya. The department need to encourage studies which are relevant to the numerous and diverse areas in sports in Kenya and most aptly relevance to the Kenya population. Implications of the findings for post-graduate Physical Education curriculum review are discussed.
Analysis of factors that affect the standard of soccer in africa: the case of east african countries
(Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 2012-03-31) Rintaugu, E.G.; Mwisukha, A.; Onywera, V.O.
Analysis of Post-graduate Research in the Department of Physical Education, Kenyatta University, Kenya
(African Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Sport Facilitation, 2004) Mwisukha, A.; Gitonga, E. L.; Njorarai, W. W. S.
This paper analyses post-graduate studies conducted in the department of physical education of Kenyatta University with a view to establishing their contribution to sports growth and development in Kenya. A total of 19 research studies conducted in the department between 1990 and 2002 were subjected to content analysis. Findings indicated that majority 6 (31.57%) of the studies centred on match analysis, 7 (36.84%) of the studies had derived their subjects from sports clubs, and soccer is the most 3 (30%) researched aspect sport. Questionnaires were extensively used for data collection. It is recommended that the department needs to focus on performance-oriented research, diversify areas of research and increase the enrollment of post-graduate students and teaching staff.
Analysis of the Kenyan Distance Running Phenomenon.
(Human Kinetics, 2014) Tucker, R.; Onywera, V.O.; Santos-Concejero, J.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the ethnicity of Kenya's most successful international runners, tracking their evolution over the period of their international emergence and current dominance. METHODS: We analysed male track distance events from 800m upwards from all the major global athletics championships from 1964 to 2013, and the annual Top-25 world marathon performances since 1990. RESULTS: We found that the percentage of Top-25 marathon performances and medals won by Kenyan and Kalenjin runners have increased over time with Nandi sub-tribe outperforming the rest of the world outside Africa (r>0.70; large effect). However, Europe, North America, Oceania, Asia and South America decreased over time in Top marathon performances and track medals won by (r>0.70; large effect). The tribe and sub-tribe distribution was different in the marathon than in the track: Maasais were more likely to feature in medals won in shorter track events than in the Top-25 of the world marathon rankings (RR=9.67; very large effect). This was also the case for Marakwets (RR=6.44; very large effect) and Pokots (RR=4.83; large effect). On the other hand, Keiyos, Kikuyus, Kipsigis, Sabaots and Tugens were more likely to succeed in the marathon than in shorter track events (RR>2.0, moderate effect). CONCLUSION: These data emphasise that the previously documented emergence of African distance runners is primarily a Kenyan phenomenon, driven by the Kalenjin tribe and in particular the Nandi sub-tribe. This supports the complex interaction between genotype, phenotype and socio-economic factors driving the remarkable dominance of Kenyan distance runners.
Analysis of youth enterprise development fund repayment rates and disparities of repayment between Nyanza and Central provinces in Kenya
(ijac.org, 2014-09) Mburung’a, S.M.
As in most countries, unemployment rates in Kenya are highest among young people. Not only does it mean that they are economically unable to fend for themselves, it also leads to other risk factors such as depression, hopelessness and low self esteem. In response, the Kenyan Government initiated the Youth Enterprise Development Fund (YEDF). The objective of the fund was to provide loans for the youth to start income generating activities. However, according to the Youth Enterprise Fund Status Report (2011) out of Ksh 442,872,291.90 disbursed to the youth in as at November, 2011, the repayment was only. Ksh. 149,751,560.40 translating to 33.8 percent repayment rate. His study therefore, sought to investigate whether there is any relationship between repayment rates and number of groups, and the amount given. The limitation of the study was that, this study relied only on secondary data provided by Youth Enterprise Fund management and other secondary data. The methodology of the study was reviewed of related literature and quantitative data analyzed using correlation and sampling theory was used to test the hypotheses. From the findings of the study, it was concluded that, there is no significant relationship between the amount of money lent to the youths per constituency and the repayment rates of the loans. The correlation coefficient of 0.350569 at 95% level of significant depicted a positive but moderately weak relationship between the two hence insignificant. However, an increase in amount of money lent to youths seems to lead to higher repayment rates. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the number of youths accessing the YES loans in the constituencies and the repayment rates. A correlation coefficient of 0.30205 showed a positive but moderately weak relationship between number of youths and repayment rates. Lastly there was no statistical significant difference between Nyanza Province and Central Province repayment rates
Anemia in the Context of Pregnancy and HIV/AIDS: A Case of Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi Kenya
(African Scholarly Science Communication Trust, 2009) Waweru, J.; Mugenda, O.; Kuria, E.
Anemia is a major public health problem in Africa affecting over 80% of women in many countries. It is more common during pregnancy due to the increased demand for iron at different stages of pregnancy. In Kenya, one out of every two mothers is affected by some form of anemia. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among expectant women further increase risk of anemia prevalence and severity. This study was to determine the socio-economic characteristics, dietary pattern of pregnant women and investigate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and HIV/AIDS in pregnancy. A case-control study was conducted in Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi Kenya. The HIV status was ascertained through HIV-antibody tests using Determine, Uni- Gold and Tie-Breaker reagents. Cases of 57 seropositive and controls of 57 seronegative pregnant women were randomly and co-currently selected. Their hemoglobin (Hb), demographic, socio-economic characteristics were determined. A 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency were used to determine the food consumption pattern. Results showed that both cases and controls were from low socio-economic status and consumed monotonous diets of plant origin particularly Ugali, a paste made from maize flour and kales vegetables locally known as Sukumawiki. Fruits were rarely consumed. The meals were mainly consumed three times in a day with snacks consumed by an insignificant number of women. With exception of pre-eclampsia, other pregnant-related problems including headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, heartburn and vomiting were more predominant among the cases than in the controls. Iron deficiency anemia was more prevalent and severe among the cases (prevalence=68%, mean Hb=9.551g/dl) than the controls (prevalence=26.3 %, mean Hb=11.974g/dl). The relative risk of being anemic was about two times higher for HIV-infected as of the uninfected pregnant women, (Relative risk=2.33). It is concluded that pregnant women from low socio-economic status consume diets with iron of low biological value, have low Hb and are generally anemic. Moreover, HIV-infected pregnant women have lower Hb and are two times more likely to be anemic than the uninfected. The HIV/AIDS infection is therefore associated with low Hb and higher anemia prevalence and severity among pregnant women. There is, therefore, a need for pre-natal nutrition care system that emphasizes improved consumption of essential nutrients including iron of high biological value and implementation of interventions tailored to check anemia prevalence and severity among pregnant women within the context of HIV/AIDS pandemic and low socioeconomic settings.
Anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of older adults in the Lake Victoria Basin of East Africa: region, sex, and age differences
(MedPharm Publications, 2012) Cheserek, M.J.; Tuitoek, P.J.; Waudo, Judith N.; Msuya, J.M.; Kikafunda, J.K.
Background: Malnutrition, either as undernutrition or overnutrition, leads to detrimental alterations in body composition. The objective of this study was to investigate selected anthropometric measurements, and the nutritional status of older men and women living in the Lake Victoria Basin. This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: The setting was selected rural and urban areas of Kisumu, Jinja, and Mwanza, in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, respectively. Subjects: The subjects were older adults (227 men and 310 women) aged ≥ 60 years. Outcome measures: The outcome measures were weight, height, arm span, mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF). Body mass index (BMI) and arm muscle area (AMA) were computed using standard equations. Results: The results show that older adults in the three regions were significantly different (p-value < 0.05) in all anthropometric measurements, except MUAC. The women had significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) BMI, TSF, and MUAC, than the men. Negative slopes indicated a decline in all anthropometric measurements with age. Overall underweight (BMI < 0.05) than older women (24.2%), with overweight (12.5%) and obesity (6.8%) being significantly higher (p-value < 0.05) in older women. Conclusion: The findings suggest energy depletion and loss of muscle mass, with significant differences in the three regions, and in the sex and age groups. A small proportion was overweight and obese. The decline in anthropometric measurements with age indicates poor nutritional status with aging. Thus, nutrition and health interventions should be specific to regions
Anti-Doping Knowledge, Attitude, and Experience of General Practitioners in Kenya
(Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 2022) Rotich, Jonathan Kimtai; Rintaugu, Elijah Gitonga; Thangu, Edna
General practitioners are regarded as athletic support personnel as they are involved in delivering supportive services such as treating athletes participating in or preparing for sports competitions. General practitioners play a vital role in influencing athletes to fulfill their mandate to adhere to clean sports and therefore, their additional knowledge in sports is required to comprehensively address their health needs without affecting the integrity of rules that govern fair play. General practitioners require sufficient doping knowledge to provide athletes with health needs consistent with anti-doping regulations. In Kenya, no studies have investigated or reported the doping knowledge, attitude or experience of General Practitioners, thus leaving a knowledge gap on their ability to treat competitive athletes harmonious with WADA requirements. Therefore, the study sought to unearth General Practitioners' doping knowledge, attitude, and experience in Kenya. The study's findings have implications on doping knowledge, attitude, and experience of Kenya General Practitioners’ essential to inform the current status of the concept. A cross-sectional analytical study design was selected because of its robustness in describing general practitioners' current doping knowledge, attitude, and experiences. Data was collected using a self-reported and validated questionnaire where 250 General practitioners completed the survey. Findings revealed that Kenyan general practitioners are well aware of doping regulatory agencies of WADA and ADAK. The findings demonstrated that General Practitioners had an average doping knowledge (47.77 ± 14.03) punctuated with limited knowledge of prohibited substances, methods, and substances in certain sports. Work experience significantly influenced General Practitioners knowledge, F (4,245) = 10.852, p< .001. General Practitioners had a negative doping attitude of 45.23 ± 13.64. As many as 22% (55) General Practitioners received doping requests for the last 12 months, where 35.7% (89) of requests are about drugs to aid recovery. Anabolic steroids, corticosteroids, and peptide hormones were among the most sought-after PEDs. General Practitioners in Kenya have inadequate doping knowledge, which could limit their efficacy in treating professional athletes in line with WADA guidelines. Additional anti-doping training could benefit them address this limitation. Although General Practitioners demonstrated a negative attitude, expanding their involvement through active participation in doping seminars, and programs can enhance their understanding of the doping concept necessary to develop and maintain a strong negative attitude

Browse

Browsing RP-School of Applied Human Sciences by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options