DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Sang, Paul"

Browsing by Author "Sang, Paul"

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Adaptability, Scalability and Sustainability of Mhealth Projects Performance in Low and Medium-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
(Global Press Hub, 2026-03) Mutula, Martin Wambua; Sang, Paul
Mobile health (mHealth) initiatives have immense potential to revolutionize healthcare service delivery in terms of accessibility, quality, and outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the progress of mHealth initiatives in LMICs is often marred by the challenge of "pilotitis," wherein successful pilots do not result in scalable or sustainable mHealth initiatives. This independent study paper is an attempt at conducting an in-depth systematic review of recent literature (2020-2025) to explore the various interrelated factors that affect the adaptability, scalability, and sustainability of mHealth initiatives in LMICs. The overall objective is to explore the various barriers and facilitators that affect the long-term performance and institutionalization of mHealth initiatives. For the systematic review, a desktop systematic review methodology was conducted by searching various prominent databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve relevant peer-reviewed articles and systematic reviews on mHealth initiatives, scalability, and sustainability in LMICs. The results have identified a number of key challenges that can affect the scalability and sustainability of mHealth projects. These include a lack of infrastructure such as a stable electricity supply and a lack of good internet connectivity, the cost of mobile data communication, a lack of digital literacy among healthcare professionals, and a lack of compatibility with existing healthcare information systems. The study thus underscores the need to move beyond technology-focused strategies to health systems strategies in the design and implementation of mHealth interventions. Flexibility in accommodating local contexts has thus been identified as a key factor that influences the sustainability of mHealth interventions. As a result, the study has made several recommendations, including the use of context-sensitive evaluation approaches, such as the HOT-FIT-BR model, to move beyond pilot interventions to sustainable mHealth in LMICs
Analysis of the challenges facing internet banking in Kenya ( a case of commercial bank of Africa Ltd)
(2012-06-21) Gaitungu, David N.; Sang, Paul; James M.Muturi
This project surveyed the Internet banking as a relatively new product that has been developed by commercial banks in Kenya. Businesses are being revolutionalized every day as a result of the influences of the Internet. In the world of banking, the development in information technology has enormous effect on development of more flexible payments method, more user friendly banking services resulting to a more efficient banking system. Despite the fact that internet banking make the transaction faster and more convenient, several commercial banks in Kenya are yet to adopt this new banking product. The banks that have adopted the product have been faced with various obstacles necessitating a need for a research project to ascertain the reasons for this phenomenal and determine how they can overcome them to facilitate a breakthrough. The research design was descriptive based on a case study of Commercial Bank of Africa Ltd. In order to gain a better understanding on these issues, the data was collected from the bank customers and from bank employees using questioners. Data analysis was done in accordance with the research questions. The study was representative because the sample was picked from 27.8% of the Internet banking customers as at the end of 31 st December 2008.The total number of bank customers and the employees as at December 31 st 2008 was 3,222. The study shows that Internet banking is fraught with teething problems ranging from security concerns by the users, lack of adequate legal framework, poor marketing strategies and issues regarding the connectivity of CBA internet banking site. The study concludes that banks need to promote Internet banking by offering more incentives to customers, enhance the security systems to ensure adequate security for their customers in an ever changing world of technology and ensure adequate training of the employees.
An analysis of the training and development methods and techniques : a case of the Kenya education staff institute KESI and Kenya institute of administration KIA, Nairobi
(2011-11-14) Omara, Garise B.; Sang, Paul
The aim of the study was to compare and analyse the training and development methods and techniques practiced by the Kenya Education Staff Institute (KESI) and Kenya Institute of Administration (KIA) in the planning, curriculum designing, delivery techniques, selection of trainees and the evaluation of their training programmes. The motivation to carry out the research was as a result of the growing need and debate among stakeholders to audit the programmes offered by such management training institutions with a view to finding out the effectiveness of the programmes and if there was any justification for their existence and the enormous resources voted by the government of Kenya towards them. Training and management development play a critical role in enhancing the capacity of management to deliver effective and efficient services to society. However, how effective and efficient a training programme can realise its objective, depends to a large extent on the methods and techniques adopted and systematically followed in line with contemporary thinking. This means that it is only if the right approaches, methods and techniques are followed in the planning, implementation and evaluation of the training programmes, can we say that the programmes can be effective in enhancing the capacity of the beneficiaries of the intervention. The focus of the research was on the two institutions - KESI and KIA, both public institutions mandated to undertake training and capacity building of staff of both the Ministry of Education and the Office of the President of Kenya among others. Looking at the financial estimates of both Ministries, quite some substantial funding is given to the institutions and therefore the internal organisation and programmes offered by them was the subject of inquiry. Specifically, the study looked at the organisation charts, the planning processes, the funding levels for the last few years, overview of the training programmes and their design, the methods of selecting trainees and the methods of evaluation of the training programmes. It also looked at literature that had been done generally in the area of training and development and any empirical studies done to find out if there were any gaps that need to be filled. Signed questionnaires were used to collect information relating to the case from the two categories of the scheduled research respondents - Directors of the two institutions and 41 (forty one) lecturers of the two institutions (Prospectus 2006). The research then provided a summary of the findings, made conclusions and recommendations thereof. The study was organised in five chapters, chapter one dealt with the introduction and background of the study while chapter two addressed the literature behind the study. Chapter three explained the research methodology highlighting the target group and data collection and analysis techniques. Chapter four presented the findings of the results, which were organised according to the objectives that guided the study. Suggestions, discussions, conclusions and recommendations for future research were outlined in chapter five. The findings showed no wide difference in the methods and techniques used in designing training programs at KESI and KIA.
Assessing the contributory role of training of women entrepreneurs and determine whether the training addressed the problem faced by operators in the sector. a case study of Kasarani location
(2011-12-07) Kagiri, Assumptah Wairimu; Sang, Paul
The study is concerned with the effects of training which was conducted by Women Entrepreneurs for Industrial Growth (WEFIG). The common fault by many trainers and managers is that people must have training if they do not perform correctly and efficiently This study aims at establishing whether all problems can be solved through training. Could motivational and Environmental problems be addressed? If so which means? The study looks at the role of the small and Jua Kali Enterprise sector and its contributions on the Kenyan economy as well as the rationale of policy initiatives to assist women in trying to identify some of the unique problems that affect women entrepreneurs. At the same, specific gender issues are discussed in order to explore the ones that are baised to women, in addition to problems regarding women. The sub-sector of study i.e. Kenyan textile industry has been put into focus and an in depth analysis of its contribution to the economy put into sharp focus. There are various authors who have underscored the role the small scale and ,jua kali enterprise sector play in the Kenyan economy such authors include sessional paper no. 1 of 1986 and Sixth Development Plan 1989-1993 as well as paper no.2 of 1992. Jackson K Maalu (1993) highlights the policy initiatives to assist women entrepreneurs which include laws that are not gender sensitive, domestic responsibilities, men's negative attitude among others. Sessional Paper No. 2 (1992) describes the specific gender issues which offer challenges to women hence putting them on non level playing ground with men. Such problems are such as unequality, lack of collateral to secure loans, lack of time due to their multiple roles e.t.c odeta (1983) adds his voice on the problems affecting women. They are such as socio-cultural, financial, legal as well as marketing orientation which does not seem to favour women. In the textile industry though it plays a very important role as it manufactures woolen and synthetic products, it is faced with a lot of challenges from the sale of "mitumba" which has led to the closure of some textile mills as well as an adverse effect on cotton growing. After carrying a survey, UNDP, UNIDO and GOK provides training of the operators in this sector in order to help them expand their business. Descriptive survey will be the research design to be used in this study. A questionnaire was developed to collect primary data. The population of the study will be entrepreneurs practicing in textile industry around the Kasarani Location. Probabilistic sampling will be used. The data will then be collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The data will then be interpreted and presented in pie charts, tables etc according to common characteristics. Responses will be grouped according recurring themes.
Assessing the factors influencing the adoption of internet as a marketing communication channel in Kenya (A Case of Selected Firms in Machakos Town)
(2013-03-01) Musyoki, Shadrack Ngila; Sang, Paul
The use of internet as a communication channel is a new phenomenon in Kenya which is being adopted by marketers and the consumers alike. As a new innovation it does not go without challenges that face any other new product or service being introduced into any market. This research project is concerned with the assessment of factors influencing the adoption of internet as marketing communication channel in the Kenyan market. The study was to establish the influence of social-cultural factors on the adoption of internet as marketing communication channel, to determine how government policy has influenced the adoption of internet as marketing communication channel, to find out the effect of demographic variables on the adoption of internet as a marketing communication channel and to determine the effect of Kenya's internet cost on the adoption of internet as marketing communication channel. The study was carried out in Machakos Town. Among some selected Firms which do a lot of selling and use various communication tools. The personnel of the firms were well placed to inform the researcher on the different factors which were hindering or enhancing internet penetration. The target population was 400 employees who were selected randomly to make a sample size of 80 respondents which is 20% of the total population. The research design used for the study was descriptive where an interview was conducted using a questionnaire with open ended and closed ended questions. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and presented inform of statistical tools. The study established that the various factors under investigation had some influence either positively or negatively where the government was found to be a key factor for the success of internet adoption in the Kenyan market. The researcher therefore recommends that the government should take initiatives to enhance internet usage so as to improve the well being and the standards of living of its citizens. The researcher in addition gave some suggestions on other areas where research can be carried out on this field of study so as to improve and increase knowledge on internet adoption. These suggestions include the significance of internet adoption on the growth of the economy, the effects of internet adoption on social development and uplifting the standard of living of a community and challenges facing the adoption of internet as a marketing communication channel.
Assessment of the Role of Continuous Training and Development of Secondary Schools' Teachers: a Case of Meru South District
(2014-03-18) Kinyua, Timothy Nyaga; Sang, Paul
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of continuous training and development of teachers in secondary schools' performance. Continuous training is the whole range of activities through which teachers can extend their personal education, develop their professional competence and improve their understanding of educational principle and techniques. The study explored the role of this continuous training and development. A total of ninety six (96) teachers teaching in public secondary schools were interviewed. This was about half of the total population of sciences and mathematics teachers in secondary schools in the district hence produced a good representation of the total population whose results were generalized in the entire country. The methods which were used to obtain the data were questionnaires comprised of closed-ended questions with minimal open-ended type of questions. Data was analyzed using frequency tables and presented using bar graphs, pie charts and line-graphs.
Challenges facing e-government projects in Kenya
(2012-06-20) Mungai, Alfred Ngugi; Sang, Paul; James Owuor
Electronic government (E-government) is the utilization of Information Communication Technologies (lCTs) to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of exchanges within government, between government and citizens and businesses locally and abroad; and to empower citizens through access and use of information. The broad objective of the study was to identify the challenges facing the E- government project in Kenya. In addition, the study sought to achieve the following specific objectives: to establish the effect of government's information sharing policies on implementation of E-government project; to determine the effect of levels of technical knowledge and skills amongst staff on implementation of E-government project; to determine the ICT infrastructure-related factors that hinder successful implementation of E-government project; and, to establish the extent or readiness of staff to change occasioned by computerization of government services. The study adapted a descriptive research design which involved a field survey in the selected government ministries. The ministries included the Ministry of Vice-President and the Ministry of Home affairs; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Ministry of. Finance; Ministry of State for Public Service; Ministry of Planning & Vision 2030; Office of the Attorney General; Ministry of State for Immigration & Registration of Persons; Ministry of Lands; Office of the Deputy Prime Minister & Ministry of Local Government; and Ministry of Information & Communication (Head office). Primary data was collected from the staff in the head offices of these ministries using questionnaires. The data from the study was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies were used to analyze the data. The findings were presented using tables and charts. First, the findings established that information sharing policy-related barriers to advancement of the E-government project include: legalistic obstruction to the flow of information; unauthorized access by a section of the employees; prohibited access by members of the general public; fear of breach of confidentiality; and lack of innovativeness in secure information-sharing within the Government agencies. These policy guidelines were identified as drawbacks to implementation of the E-government project in Kenya. Secondly, the findings showed that the main skills-related challenge to implementation of E-government is the shortage of highly trained ICT professionals and not the approaches used to training, perceived benefits, or extent of government's commitment. Thirdly, The findings showed that high cost of investment in ICTs; high cost of support services by ICT software and equipment vendors; and lack of government's commitment towards development of an ICT policy to guide the Ministries in developing their ICT infrastructure; lengthy procurement procedures; low prioritization of ICT development in the Ministries; and lack of innovativeness in ICT development in the Ministries are the main ICT infrastructure-related factors hindering success of E-government project in the sampled Government ministries. Finally, the findings indicated that selection of staff to participate in change management programmes was selectively done since it is only a portion of employees that were prepared for change before roll-out of E-government. This affected the success of E- government project in several ways. For instance, some employees felt that it was done unfairly hence they developed an attitude of resistance to change. The study recommended improvements in four thematic areas. First, the government should look into ways of reducing the cost of K'Ts equipment through measures such as duty waiver or outsourcing equipment and leT services form private proprietors. Secondly, the government should look into ways of enhancing the skills of staff in regard to usage of a multiplicity of new ICTs. Thirdly, all the staff should be taken through change management programmes to enable them accept the roll-out of e-government in their respective ministries. Finally, the existing policies on information access should be streamlined as necessitated by the sensitivity of the information but should not be used in all situations or circumstances. The Government should make the policies more supportive and also enhance the stakeholders' participation.
Determinants of effective monitoring and evaluation systems for non profit projects: a case of international Non Governmental Organizations projects in Nairobi
(2013-01-25) Meri, Jino Bornd; Kimutai, G.; Sang, Paul
The study focused on examining the key determinants of effective monitoring and evaluation systems for non-profit projects in Nairobi. The study in particular explored how the project plan, project technical capacity, project enabling environment and stakeholder's participation in monitoring and evaluation influence the effectiveness of project monitoring and evaluation systems for non-profit projects. Before the study was commissioned, the only material that was available and relating to monitoring and evaluation was in the form of manuals, guidelines, policies and discussion or working papers that were written by either individuals or organisations with the view of guiding monitoring and evaluation activities, but not specific to the topic of this study. There were no formally documented studies on the topic and thus, this study intended to contribute and fill that gap. The target population for the is study were respondents comprising of either project managers or project monitoring and evaluation officers randomly drawn from non-profit projects from International NGOs based in Nairobi. Simple random sampling method was employed for selecting respondents into a sample size of 73 non-profit projects drawn from the target population of 146 non-profit projects implemented by international NGOs in Nairobi. Data was collected using a closed structured questionnaire that was filled by either a project manager or project monitoring and evaluation officer randomly selected from each international organisation. The questionnaire was pretested for validity and reliability, and adjustments made before it was adopted for this study. Data gathered was then analysed using computer statistical software called SPSS and results presented using tables and charts based on the objectives and questions of the study. The study concluded that determinants of effective project monitoring and evaluation system for non-profit projects include project enabling environment, stakeholders' participation in project monitoring and evaluation activities, project capacity to supply project monitoring and evaluation information, and the project plan. The effectiveness of these determinants is manifested through easy assessment of projects, accountability in projects, capacity of staff to undertake project monitoring and evaluation work among others. The study recommended that human resources, finance resources, early planning for project monitoring and evaluation activities, information communication technology and involvement of all stakeholders in project monitoring and evaluation work as some of the considerations to be put in place for an effective project monitoring and evaluation system for a non-profit project. The study is beneficial to NGOs, development community and agencies for designing and implementing project monitoring and evaluation systems; and to scholars who may find the study valuable to add to the existing body of knowledge.
Determinants of effective performance of contact centres in Commercial Banks in Kenya: case study of selected banks in Kenya
(2013-01-24) Makale, Jane K.; Sang, Paul; Kimutai, G.
Contact Centres are growing in use as more financial institutions are using them in their operations to differentiate their services in the competitive Banking Industry. This is because of the need to offer customers good customer service and to also attract and retain their customers. Contact Centres offers flexibility in the operations of customer service and can help the bank tailor their products and services to the needs of the customer. In developing countries such as Kenya in particular, Contact Centres have not been fully adopted by Banks. This research focused on Determinants of Effective Performance of Contact Centres in Kenya. The research was guided by the following research objectives; to find out how training determines the effective performance of Contact Centres, to investigate how infrastructure determines the effective performance of Contact Centres, to establish how monitoring and evaluation determines the effective performance of Contact Centres, to analyze how initiation determines the effective performance of Contact Centres and lastly to find out how planning determines the effective performance of Contact Centres. The target population was 13 commercial Banks whereby it specifically targeted the Customer service Managers, Quality Assurance Managers, Training managers, Customer service Agents and the Team Leaders. In this study the researcher used stratified random sampling. Data collection used both primary sources of data such as questionnaires and secondary data to conduct the study. Data Analysis was through use of SPSS software and Microsoft excel program. Data was done using descriptive statistics. Data presentation was done using frequency tables, bar charts, and pie charts. The findings from this study would enhance the understanding of how the effective performance of Contact Centres can be realized taking into account all the determinants mentioned and how to address issues that may impede effective performance of Contact Centres in Kenya. The study found that training is carried out in contact centres though there is a challenge in conforming to the training modules to the dynamic operations of contact centres. Funding of these training sessions are also a challenge. Infrastructure needs are catered for in the contact centres although new technological advancements are making provision of infrastructure a challenge. Monitoring and evaluation of contact centres are carried out but there are no guidelines that have been drawn by the regulating authority. Project initiation of contact centres are carried out in a well organized manner in most Banks but some banks are yet to initiate contact centre projects. There are plans in place for contact centre projects but for some banks they are not yet incorporated in their strategic plans but are haphazardly planned for due to competitor fears within the banking industry.
Determinants of government human resource information system adoption in ministries in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2013) Ogoti, Ruth Bitutu; Sang, Paul; Kimutai, Gladys
There have been 42 Ministries in the Kenyan coalition government during the years . 2008-2013. The Government Human Resource Information System is one of the major egovernment projects that have been implemented as part of Kenya's e-Government and Vision 2030 strategy. The study identifies the most salient determinants influencing the adoption and diffusion of the GHRIS in government ministries in Kenya as perceived by the civil servants. Different information systems adoption frameworks are explored in the literature review and compared to in the discussion section against the findings observed. The researcher used questionnaires as the data collection tool and carried out purposive sampling of all the 42 Government Ministries in Kenya by interviewing a human resource officer and an information technology officer from each. The researcher then carried out data analysis, whereas data presentation was in descriptive and inferential forms. The study reveals the various determinants that have played significantly in GHRIS adoption with keen analysis on perceived usefulness, security, documentation, computer anxiety, actual usage, perceived ease of learning how to use GHRIS, Ministry support, behavioural intention to use GHRIS, social influence and trust of GHRIS. There has also been a cross analysis on the moderating factors of gender, age and education in the adoption of GHRIS. 73.8% response is that GHRIS is receiving support from the respective Ministry administrators, Behavioural Intention to Use (BIU) was depicted positively as 88% intend to use GHRIS in their job and perceived ease of use is high 65%; a strong social influence cumulative of 71.4% and 81% of the respondents characterized GHRIS as trustworthy. These promote the adoption of GHRIS in Ministries in Kenya. On the other hand, GHRIS physical security is low as only 39.3% of the respondents indicate that it is sufficient proving that security risk is one of the major barriers to the adoption of leT while documentation has no effect on the adoption of GHRIS. It is recommended GHRIS to be used to access monthly pay slips as it is more efficient and saves paper thus preserving the environment. Furthermore, online pay slips can improve confidentiality and convenience. Presentation is essential in the enjoyment of any software, and a clear graphical interface should do the trick in promoting GHRIS enjoyment by civil servants and thus lead to more adoption of GHRIS in government ministries in Kenya. Trust in GHRIS can also be enhanced by better system programming and threat control against hackers and fraudulent access. Use of GHRIS will increase accountability, reducing fraudulence, fair accessibility to government job applications, a chance to apply for training courses or scholarships being offered by the government. In addition, adoption of GHRIS will increase citizen empowerment and offers the Kenyan government a unique opportunity to enhance not only its operational transparency, clarity of purpose and responsiveness to citizens but also its own internal efficiency and effectiveness.
Determinants of market choices for tea leaf produce: ( a case study of small scale tea growers in Nyamira county)
(2012-03-27) Nyanchieng'a, Evans Toto; Charles Ombuki; Sang, Paul
This study assess the impact of tea leaf hawking and the challenges that small scale tea growers are facing on identifying markets for their tea leaf produce. The need for this research therefore arose from the realization that marketing of small scale tea leaf produce is currently faced with various challenges; key among them green tea leaf hawking between the small scale tea growers and the tea out growers/ agents on selling of tea leaf. The research focuses on the role of small scale tea growers under the management of Kenya Tea Development Agency Limited and agents /tea out growers for Multinational tea growing companies engaged in the buying and selling of tea leaf produce in Nyamira County, Kenya in the last ten years. The main objective of this research was to investigate the factors which influence small scale tea growers on the choice of market for their green tea produce. The researcher used descriptive method of research design to collect primary and secondary data from the small scale tea growers and agents of multinational tea companies and both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The study found out that the small scale tea growers are influenced by government policies, tea collection services, tea leaf prices and mode of payments, access to the tea buying centers and the quality of tea leaf produce to determine the choice of market for their tea leaf produce, It is therefore recommended that the government should constantly review policies and regulations in the small scale tea sub sector to sustain their market share, remain competitive and improve the standard of living of the small scale tea growers.
Determinants of power projects performance in the Kenya Power and Lighting Company limited
(2014-07-08) Ndirangu, Samuel; Sang, Paul
Electricity is a primary factor of development and should therefore be harnessed, and developed in an efficient manner. It should also be available in adequate quantity, quality and affordable prices. The level and intensity of commercial energy use in a country is a key indicator of the degree of economic growth and development. The challenges facing the power sector in Kenya include weak transmission and distribution infrastructure, high cost of power, low per capita power consumption, and low countrywide electricity access. Many projects have been initiated to address these challenges by KPLC with the support of the government and development partners. However in most cases the benefits from these projects are not realized due to poor performance during implementation. Research has found that, there are many factors that impede on project successful completion. Four independent variables namely; project management skills, politics, socio economic and government bureaucracy were identified as significant in contributing to project performance. This study sought to investigate how these variables affect performance on power projects implemented by KPLC, evaluate their relative ranking, and to quantify their impacts. The research employed an Ex Post Facto Survey design, which is deemed appropriate because it handles situations or events that have already occurred, investigates variables with the same characteristics and does not manipulate the variables. A questionnaire was used in data collection where respondents were drawn from contractors, consultants and KPLC staff, involved in the implementation of projects. Purposive sampling technique was used in identifying the departments for the study. The target population for the study was 168 persons in various department of the organization which included IT & Telecommunications, distribution, energy transmission, customer service, co-operate planning research and development and the energy sector recovery project unit from which a sample of 58 persons was selected. The response was very successful with a rate of 48 out of 58. The highest response was from IT & Telecommunications which demonstrates that the projects being undertaken by KPLC are technologically based. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively facilitated by SPSS (Statistic Package for Social Science) Computer package and presented in tables, graphs pie charts and frequency tables. The study lead to a conclusion that, project management skills, political interference, socio economic factors and government bureaucracy play a major role in project success realization in the KPLC. On ranking, project management skills had the highest effect on project performance while government bureaucracy had the least impact. These factors will continue affecting KPLC future projects under similar implementation environment thus the need for the organization to embrace mitigating actions that will enhance project success. The researcher recommends that KPLC invests in capacity building by equipping staff with required skills, to effectively manage projects. Recruitment of top management should be done through a competitive process to avoid being influenced by politicians so as to disengage its operation from politically affiliated decisions in choice of projects, contracts and management of projects in general. The organization should enjoin the community in areas it initiates projects through corporate social responsibility and partake lobbing for government support during the project roll out process.
The determinants of the logical framework adoption among non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya
(2013-01-03) Muthuri, Wallace L. K.; Kimutai, G.; Sang, Paul
Project management has previously been a preserve of the building and construction industry. However, with time the discipline has been adopted by other sectors ranging from the government sector, the not-for-profit sector and the private sector. In the planning and execution of projects, project managers make use of various project management tools such as Work breakdown structure (WBS), Gantt chart, Logical framework, Run chart and PERT chart among many others. Among these tools, logical framework commonly referred to as logframe has attracted a lot of attention as well as controversy. This is because despite the tool's effectiveness, the level of its adoption among organizations remains low raising the fundamental question on what determines its adoption among these institutions. This study sought to find out the various factors that determine logframe adoption among project managers in NGOs operating in Nairobi County in order to provide the necessary facts on the use of this important tool. The researcher endeavoured to achieve the following research objective: to find out the economic factors that influence the adoption of logframe among the NGOs; to establish the policy factors that influence adoption of logframe; to determine the technical factors that influence the adoption of logframe; and to investigate the socio-cultural factors that influence the adoption of logframe. To achieve the above objectives, the researcher sought to find answers the question on how each of the above factors influences the adoption of logframe among the participating NGOs. This was based on the assumption that the information collected was correct, up to date, accessible and timely. The researcher adopted a descriptive research design in carrying out the study so as to present facts as they were. Due to time and financial constraints, the researcher used stratified sampling technique so as to study a subset of the population while at the same time ensuring that the research findings were generalizable to the entire population. In addition to collection of primary data through the use of a questionnaire, the researcher had conducted a thorough literature review of the existing secondary materials so as to supplement his research as well as identify knowledge gaps in order to eliminate unnecessary duplications. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the aid of statistical package in social sciences. The data was presented using frequency distribution tables, pie charts and bar graphs so as to provide a visual and pictorial presentation of the research findings for ease in understanding, comparison and interpretation of the research findings. After data analysis, it was found that economic factors have the highest influence on the adoption on logframe followed by policy and technical factors. Socio-cultural factors were the least influential. In conclusion, it is worth noting that logframe is far from being fully mainstreamed in project management though organizations are using it.
The effect of beneficiary participation on project monitoring and evaluation; the case of Kenya Agricultural Productivity Project, Nyandarua district
(2012-03-28) Thuo, Agatha W.; Sang, Paul; James Owuor
This research sought to investigate the degree of beneficiaries' participation in projects, with reference to the Kenya Agricultural Productivity Project. Kenya has had many donor funded projects since independence, with specific objectives, and huge sums of money have been expended in their implementation. Regrettably, achieving of the projects' goals and objectives has been only a mirage despite the huge investments and the beneficiaries have unfortunately, continued to remain poor and vulnerable. In Kenya, for example, 50% of the Kenyans, majority of who rely on agriculture, live below the poverty line (CIA World Fact book) despite the huge investments in agriculture. The study sought to investigate the level of beneficiary participation in projects' monitoring and evaluation in four key areas; understanding the goals and objectives, participation in the identification of the activities of the project, involvement in identifying measurements to show the extent of progress achieved and finally, finding out the level of beneficiary participation in selecting formats and visual tools for presenting such information. The sample frame had 152 CWGs in the old Nyandarua district. 10% of Commodity working groups were drawn from the sample by use of stratified random sampling. At least five members of every CWG were selected at random for interview. Data collection was through a questionnaire, to allow for collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. Data analysis was done by both the content analysis method and descriptive statistics. On understanding the goals and objectives of the project, the beneficiaries seemed to understand only partially the expectations of the project. They did not understand well the amount of the investment made in the project, and neither did they understand the returns to the investments and the timeframes of the project. The variable that seemed to affect monitoring and evaluation in the project most was beneficiary participation in project activities, with beneficiaries demonstrating very poor participation in project activities, which are, sadly, the very building blocks, according to the KAPP extension process documents, of the KAPP monitoring and evaluation process. A great number of beneficiaries indicated that they understood their responsibility as KAPP CWG members; they were also involved in the election of their officials and were aware of the dates for trainings. However, in financial matters a greater majority indicated that they did not receive any financial reports form the group treasurers, and were not involved in decisions when projects follow up would take place. They also, according to the analysis, did not seem to quite understand the measurements for the project milestones. On selection of formats to show results, the beneficiaries actually submitted reports on their projects, but followed no particular formats, though the formats were provided. There is an indication that no guidelines were followed too by the beneficiaries. They were aware of the existence of the stakeholder forum and its roles, and they were also aware of their financing models in the different project locations and apparently interacted well with these models. On the effects of beneficiary participation in project monitoring and evaluation, the beneficiaries agreed that the KAPP project had many benefits, with all variables scoring above average. For example, they agreed that the project provided prompt extension service, good quality extension service providers, transparency and accountability in service delivery and increased production and incomes. The researcher recommends that the beneficiaries be trained to understand investments and returns to the investments, so that they can fully understand the project goals and objectives. On project activities, the research recommends that reasons be sought for such poor and low participation in project activities, yet the beneficiaries indicate that the project is beneficial to them. The group treasurers should, on regular basis, expose the beneficiaries to the financial reports for increased transparency and accountability.
The effect of project management processes on performance of secondary schools in Kenya (a case of Nyeri County)
(2013-01-24) Maina, Peter Kibocha; Kimutai, G.; Sang, Paul
The Kenyan Ministry of Education (MOE) has identified "management" as a major challenge to the achievement of national educational goals in secondary schools. Its management has been on the basis of education as a basic social service and in ignorance of an alternative view of education as a production function. The effective and efficient achievement of production functions has historically been through Project management which has continued to evolve creating the image of a universal solution to organisational problems; on the platform of specific techniques for initiating, planning, execution, control and closure processes. This study sought to explore the evolution of project management processes in the current secondary schools administrative practices and how this relates to the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination (KCSE) performance. To meet this general objective an experiential survey was carried out in 49 secondary schools of Nyeri County stratified on the basis of gender and financial ability. Data collected was cleaned, coded and analysed by SPSS version IO.The results identified application Initiating, planning, execution, control and closure group processes consistent with those generally accepted by the body of knowledge in project management. This was taken as an indication of the evolution of project management in the education area of application driven by the pressures of efficiency and effectiveness. An analysis of secondary school performance in their KCSE examinations was provided by the provincial educations office. Correlational analysis between the level of application and performance in KCSE showed a movement in the same direction suggesting that an increase in the application of project management processes would result in improved KCSE performance. It was therefore recommended that the secondary schools students programme be managed as a project thereby deliberately applying all the PM processes designed \0 achieve the educational objectives and not merely to prepare for the Ministry of Educations (MOE) audit exercises. To effectively and efficiently apply these processes, there is need for all teachers to be exposed to the knowledge, skills and techniques of project management and for the design of flexible templates in this application area. Finally, since correlation in this exploratory study is not evidence of causality, it is recommended that a further causal study be undertaken to test the hypothesis that education would be best managed through the application of initiating, planning, execution, control and closure project management processes.
Effect of Project Team Competence on the Performance of Projects of Non-Governmental Organizations in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Research Publish Journals, 2025-02) Wairia, Nyangaria David; Sang, Paul
Nairobi City County's Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are facing distinct and unforeseen challenges, which encompass a lack of financial resources and an inability to adapt innovatively to changing needs. Therefore, this study sought to effect of project team competence on the performance of projects of nongovernmental organizations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research employed a descriptive research design. The study population was identified with the help of non-profit organizations in Nairobi City County, resulting in a total of 210 participants, comprising 70 project managers and 140 project employees. Participants were selected using simple random sampling, while stratified random sampling was utilized to choose the NGOs. Out of the total, 138 individuals completed the survey. Primary data was gathered through a semi-structured questionnaire. Furthermore, a pilot study was carried out with four non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated based on criteria, construct, and content validity. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, were utilized to analyze the quantitative data. The study also employed inferential statistics such as multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicated that most projects were inefficient regarding quality, cost, and timely delivery, with completed projects only partially meeting client expectations. Furthermore, the findings revealed that many of these completed projects suffered from inadequate planning. This research highlights the positive impact of effective development on project performance and team efficiency. Additionally, it suggests that changes in project organizational structure may stem from various factors, including the recruitment of inexperienced key personnel. The study concluded that project managers could effectively allocate and manage resources when they are distributed appropriately.
Factors Affecting Monitoring and Evaluation of Microfinance Institutions' (MFI's) Projects in Kenya. A Case Study of Murang' a County.
(Kenyatta University, 2014-09-29) Maina, P. Gichuki.; Sang, Paul; James, Rosemary; Kimutai, Gladys
This study was motivated by the extensive interaction of the researcher and the rural folks who were the key target group by the ever increasing Microfinance Institutions (MFls). After making frantic efforts to make enquiries on why most of those given the loans either ended up closing down theirbusinesses or stagnating at the same economic status, considering that the poverty levels in Murang'a County was at 29% (internet), it was discovered that most of the financiers rarely followed up the intended projects with their clients. Through observation and oral interviews, it was discovered that most of those projects failed within the first one year due to lack of business and entrepreneurial skills. Lack of practical, step-by-step' business and technology-enablement programs inhibited sustainable SME competitiveness and growth. This research therefore studied the factors that affected Monitoring and Evaluation of MFIs projects. The researcher sampled out eleven (11) out of all the financial Institutions with branches in the urban and rural areas, all based in Murang'a County Headquarters. Those eleven were purely MFls. The researcher carried out a census to gather data from the top level management numbering fifty- five (55), of the selected MFIs. However, only thirty three responded, making 60% of the intended 100%. The research design used in this study was descriptive survey. Descriptive survey is the investigation in which quantity and quality data is collected and analyzed in order to describe certain phenomenon (Reid, 1998). According to Long, N. (1996), Qualitative research allows the subjects being studied to give much 'richer' answers to questions put to them by the researcher, and may give valuable insights which might have been missed by any other method. Not only does it provide valuable information to certain research questions in its own right but there is a strong case for using it to complement quantitative research methods.
Factors affecting the performance of projects in Hargeisa Somaliland: a case study of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(2014-08-27) Hussein, Fowzia Ibrahim; Kimutai, Gladys; Sang, Paul
The United Nations development Programme, (UNDP) is the UN's global development network working in 177 countries, advocating for change and connecting countries to share knowledge, experience and resources to help their citizens build a better life. In Somaliland, UNDP supports three main thematic programs - The Itule of Law and Democratic Governance, Poverty reduction and Environmental Protection, HIV and Aids. Under each programme there are a number of projects. The UNDP is among the various international and humanitarian actors that have expressed interest of venturing into Somaliland, a breakaway region from Somalia that is not recognized by the international community as a sovereign nation. The UNDP has been carrying out various projects to ameliorate the livelihoods of the people in Somaliland. Despite the voluminous articles, studies and publications written about the war torn and hunger-stricken region of horn of Africa, none of them has focused on this "relatively peaceful part of Somalia. More significantly, no study has investigated the factors affecting the performance of UNDP projects in Sornaliland creating a knowled~e gap. The general objective of the study was to investigate the factors affecting the performance of projects in Hargeisa, Somaliland: a case study of the United _Nations Development Program (UNDP) projects. This study used a descriptive research design. The target respondents included the 65 staff members working in the UNDP offices in Somaliland as well as the 55 management team in the Ministry of Planning of Somaliland. Others respondents included the 100 stakeholders and beneficiaries of the UNDP projects in the Hargeisa Region of Somaliland. A sample of 20% (44 respondents) was selected using stratified random sampling. The study used a survey questionnaire administered to each member of the sampled respondent 'The researcher administered the questionnaire individually of all the respondents of the study. Quantitative data collected was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics and presented through pie charts, graphs and table. The information was displayed by use of tables, bar charts, graphs and pie charts and in prose-form. Tables and other graphical presentations as appropriate were used to present the data collected for ease of understanding and analysis. The study recommends that the concerned stakeholders should ensure that the various aspects of bud Y~g are well focused to enhance project success in Somaliland. This would involve looking at various aspects of budgeting such as prices and costs due to inflation, availability of resources within the area or within the time, cost constraints in project implementation, disbursement of cost forecast, work packages such as labor rates and indirect costs. The study also recommends that for the UNDP projects to realize their intended benefits to the citizens there are need to lay down proper strategies with regard to timing of the UNDP projects. Proper staff and stakeholder training, time forecasting and various other factors should be considered to enhance success. The study further recommends that for UNDP projects to meet user requirements there is need for implementing proper guidelines with regard to process for deciding on formulating a project, final objectives should be documented and approved, how the beneficiary needs addressed in order of priority and involvement of the relevant Somaliland authorities or beneficiary. The study finally recommends that there is need to equip the relevant stakeholders with the relevant skills and knowledge on the importance and sustain ability of UNDP projects in order to enhance their performance.
Factors affecting the use of Information and Communication Technology in Government Parastatals: A case of National Environment Management Authority
(2013-08-24) Ongaki, Beatrice; Sang, Paul; James, Rosemary
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, create, disseminate, store and manage information. The use of ICT is undertaken to meet goals and objectives of an organization so as to bring about beneficial and added value to beneficiaries. This study therefore sought to establish factors affecting the use of Information and Communication Technology in government parastatals with a focus on the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) offices within Kenya. Specific objectives that guided this study were; to establish the influence of training on the use of ICT, assess the effect of funding on the use of lCT and determine the effect of facilities on the use of lCT. The input variables were categorized into factors for success and output variable was categorized into organizational and technological benefit. This study presents literature review of case studies from both developed and developing countries and preliminary studies grounded in the Kenya e-Government reality. The key factors were identified and categorized under common broad categories. This resulted in a rich picture of experience in the use of lCT in government parastatals. The population for the study was 47 county offices and NEMA headquarters, Nairobi. The target population was 240 employees of NEMA offices in Kenya. Sampling design was considered in selecting respondents who participated in the study. Descriptive survey was used in collecting information by administering questionnaire. The research used primary sources to collect data, questionnaires were administered randomly to 120 employees of the authority. A total number of 104 responded and this constituted 86.6% of the targeted population. Stratified sampling technique was used to.sample the respondents for the study while simple random sampling technique was used to select employees from 47 country offices. The study targeted Top Management, Technical and operational staff members of the Authority. Collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), as well descriptive statistics such as correlation analysis, frequencies, and percentages were used in data analysis. The output was represented using frequency tables and charts based on the research objectives. The study came out with findings, summary, conclusion and recommendations. The findings of the study therefore, established that ICT has not been fully tapped in government parastatals to enable them realize maximum benefits. However, the study concluded that the organization management should thoroughly scrutinize an ICT product to establish its suitability in specific geo-cultural contexts and its effectiveness in enhancing job performance at a specific workplace. To this end, the study recommended that there is need to ensure that all workers are trained on how to use ICT facilities, lCT legislations and regulations should be formulated and integrated in the organization's laws and policies to give it a binding and more authoritative touch.
Factors influencing effective implementation of projects in public secondary schools in Nyamira District
(2012-07-05) Missiani, David Otundo; Sang, Paul; Kimutai, G.
According to the report on international conference on investment, many less industrialized countries depend excessively on imported project ideas. They do not develop an enduring technological base that can support the growth of their economies. This decisions lead to project failure despite gigantic investments in terms of money, for instance, in Kenya education related projects like: laboratories, The Kenya school equipment scheme, classroom construction, electricity installation, information communication technology, dinning halls, water supply Grants to African government schools, Church development educational funds, Government bursaries to vulnerable and needy students in schools and universities, Free secondary education, Food and nutrition scheme to students, Secondary school bursaries, Free university education among other projects have either been executed amid difficulties or worse never preceded beyond paperwork stage. Their disappearance from stage shortly before or after implementation speaks volumes of project imprudence that though widely talked of, have not been documented. Thus the purpose of study was to investigate the factors influencing implementation of projects in public secondary schools in Nyamira District. It was guided by the following specific objectives: how does management skills influence effective implementation of projects in public secondary schools , to establish the influence criteria used to allocate and utilize resources on effective implementation of projects in public secondary schools, establish to what extent management skills influence effective implementation of projects in public secondary schools ,determine to what extent stakeholders support influence the effective implementation of projects in public secondary schools in ,the target population was public schools and their management teams in the district. The study was conducted in a third of all the 46 public secondary that is 16 school with a target respondents of 5 from each school . The data was obtained from the respondents by use of questionnaires, and interviews. This study adopted a descriptive design using bar graph, pie charts and frequency tables in the analysis. The research design enabled the researcher to generalize the outcome to all projects carried out in public secondary schools in Nyamira district. For the purpose of this study, the survey will inform policy makers and researchers on steps to take. Result of the study showed that all the four factors influence the implementation of projects in schools Since the findings of the study have shown that management skills influences effective project implementation, then management should be trained on the financial management skills, also there should be regular auditing of the project funds. Even though selection of project has low influence towards project implementation in comparison to other factors, the study indicates that a project has to be completed before starting another project and with proper priority in project selection. If all these recommendations are implemented appropriately with other supporting tools like Annual Work Plan and Strategic Plan as well as setting of performance standards benchmarked against the best national standards, the effective project implementation will improve thereby contributing to the achievement of vision 2030.

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