Antinociceptive Potential of Methanol Leaf Extracts of Cissampelos Parreira (Linn), Lantana Camara (Linn) and Ocimum Gratissimum (African Basil)

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Date
2021Author
Kimuni, Susan Nyawira
Gitahi, Stephen Maina
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The effects of Cissampelos pareira (Linn), Lantana camara (Linn) and Ocimum gratissimum
(African basil) leaf extracts on pain have not been biologically determined despite their
frequent traditional use in pain management. The present study evaluated the effects of
methanol leaf extracts of these three plants on formalin-induced pain in Swiss albino
mice. Leaves of C. pareira, L. camara, and O. gratissimum were harvested, cleaned, shade
dried, crushed, extracted in absolute methanol and concentrated to dryness. The
quantitative phytochemical screening of the three plant extracts was first carried out.
Then, the pain assay tests constituted eight groups of five mice each: normal control
group, positive control group, negative control group and experimental groups of 50,
100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg bw extracts. The animals were administered with various
treatments thirty minutes before induction of pain through injection of 0.01 ml of 2.5%
formalin solution into the sub-plantar region of the left hind paw. Paracetamol at the
dose of 50 mg/kg bw and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide were used as the positive and negative
controls respectively. The plant extracts were administered intraperitoneally and orally.
Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and unpaired t-test.
Phytochemical screening on separate extracts of C. pareira, L. camara, and O. gratissimum
revealed fatty acids, phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids. The different dosages of
methanol leave extracts of C. pareira, L. camara, and O. gratissimum reduced pain
significantly (p˃0.05) in mice. The significant reduction of pain was associated with fatty
acids, phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids revealed in the plant extracts.