RP-Department of Health Management & Informatics

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repository.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/5370

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 83

Perceived Quality of Electronic Health Records Systems Among Health Workers in Public Health Facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2025-02) Mbuthia, Peter Mungai; Otieno, George O.; Rucha,Kenneth
Healthcare system is facing an unprecedented high number of patients across the world. Patients increase comes along with increased permanent surge of medical knowledge and techniques available for treatment and diagnosis. This study investigated health worker’s perceptions on quality of electronic health records systems in public hospitals within Kiambu Kenya. This research study employed descriptive cross-sectional study design using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Simple random sampling technique was used where an approximate sample size of 370 participants was used out of the entire population of health workers. Questionnaire self-administered to study participants were used for data collection. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25 (SPSS) was used to process the data. Data was then scrutinized using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study revealed that respondents with experience below 10 years (58.8%) perceived that the quality of EHRs was very good. Respondents also perceived that their facilities had good internet connectivity (52.2%,), proper ICT infrastructure (51.6%), proper power backup system (66.5%) and easiness to retrieve patient data at (74.3%). Moreover, the study revealed that managements have availed all resources for use in EHRs (50.6%), while (58.6%) agreed that workflow was not interrupted while using EHRs and there was positive organizational culture towards EHRs (66.8%). In conclusion more than half (54.3%) of the respondents were of the opinion that the overall quality of EHRs in their work station was very good. The study concludes that the perceived quality of EHRs in Kiambu County is generally positive, influenced by socio-demographic, technological, and organizational factors. The study recommends enhancing EHR quality through improved ICT infrastructure, staff training, resource allocation, and further research on private-sector perceptions and patient experiences.
Analysis of the Satisfaction of Women with the Qualityof Maternal Health Services at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2022-02) Tarkumbur, Philip Liamngee; Rucha, Kenneth; Kithuka,Peter
The study examined satisfaction of women with maternal health services at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 381 drawn from women attending ante-natal and postnatal clinic at the hospital using systematic sampling technique. Quantitative data was collected using a likert-type questionnaire and was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Data was summarized using descriptive and statistical analysis; the chi-square test was used to test the association between independent and dependent variables. Level of statistical significance was set at p< 0.05 (5%). Findings of the study showed that most (82.9%) of the women were satisfied with the quality of maternal health services. The age and marital status did not influence the satisfaction of women with maternal health care services, education and income influenced the satisfaction of the women with maternal health services. Staff adequacy, staff attitude and competence influenced the satisfaction of women with maternal health services at the facility. Availability, modernity and functionality of medical products and technology influenced the satisfaction of women with maternal health services at the facility. The study revealed that communication by the facility staff on the medical procedures and medication, communication of bookings, and timeliness of communication on treatment follow-up influenced the satisfaction of women with maternal health services at the facility. The study recommends the need for health staff to improve the empathy dimension in their work, improvement on the medical products and technology, from the availability, functionality and modernity, and improvement in service delivery with specific attention to women with higher incomes who reported lower satisfaction ratios compared to those with lower incomes.
Using Scorecard to Improve Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health Performance Indicators in Public Primary Health Facilities, Kenya
(science Publishing Group, 2025-06) Mboro, Gilbert Nzomo; Otieno, George Ochieng; Rucha,Kenneth Kibaara; Ogol, Japheth Ouma; Owino, Erick; Oganga, Clement
The study investigated factors associated with the use of scorecards to improve RMNCAH performance indicators in public primary care health facilities in Kwale and Kilifi counties. It employed a mixed-methods quasi-experimental research design and randomly sampled 119 participants. The investigators collected data through questionnaires, key informant interviews and FGD. Nurses employed scorecards more frequently than RCOs (p = 0.007), and the intervention group contained a higher percentage of healthcare workers between 30 and 39 years old (p = 0.004). Rural facilities had the highest scorecard usage (p = 0.034). Facility type, sex, and staff size were not significantly associated with scorecard use. At baseline, 74% of intervention facilities monitored RMNCAH indicators compared to 99% of control facilities (p = 0.134). However, by the endline, all intervention facilities (100%) monitored RMNCAH performance, while the control facilities decreased to 98%. In addition, at baseline majority of facilities in the intervention group (76%) monitored performance monthly, compared to 56% in the control group (p = 0.006). By the endline, 92% of intervention facilities monitored monthly, while only 53% of control facilities did so (p = 0.001). Regarding the analysis of RMNCAH data, at baseline, 85% of intervention facilities analyzed RMNCAH data compared to 93% in the control group. However, by the endline, 95% of facilities in both groups were analyzing data, hence data analysis is generally well-integrated in both settings (p = 0.000). The study revealed that at baseline, most HCWs in the intervention group (73%) had a low rating for behavioral factors, but this decreased significantly to just 5% at endline (Chi-Square = 21.68, p < 0.001). The study established that behavioral change interventions improved healthcare workers' (HCWs) engagement with performance monitoring tools, and high behavioral ratings rose from 27% to 95% in the intervention group. However, 63% of HCWs in the control group rated behavioral factors as low at endline. The intervention group experienced an increase in staff involvement in performance review meetings from baseline to the endline of the study period (Chi-Square = 16.00, p = 0.220). Involved representatives rose from 47% to 97% at endline. DDIU training coverage within the intervention group grew from 84% to 97% (Chi-Square = 21.01, p = 0.030) while the control group maintained its 84% rate. The adoption of scorecards for RMNCAH monitoring required education, experience, training, a positive assessment of facility performance and strong leadership combined with perceived facility competence.
Study of Utilization of Electronic Medical Records in Health Service Provision at the HIV Comprehensive Care Centers in Kiambu County, Kenya
(International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), 2024-08) Mwangi, Caroline Gathoni; Otieno, George; Oyore, John Paul
An electronic medical record system (EMR) is a digital record of health-related data for individual patients, maintained by authorized providers. Complete and timely information is crucial for informing public health decisions and improving health service delivery, particularly for HIV/AIDS. This study assessed the utilization of EMR systems in HIV comprehensive care centers in Kiambu County, Kenya. Specifically, it examined the association and predictive influence of infrastructure, technical factors, and perceived usefulness on EMR utilization. The research adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design and applied stratified random sampling to categorize 38 health facilities based on their level of care. A sample size of 186 participants was proportionally allocated to the various strata, and data was collected through questionnaires. Analysis using SPSS version 25.0 involved Chi-square tests to examine associations between variables and logistic regression analysis to assess predictive influences. The results revealed that infrastructure (χ²=24.23, p<0.05), technical factors (χ²=62.93, p<0.05), and perceived usefulness (χ²=38.55, p<0.05) had significant associations with EMR utilization and had positive predictive influences. The study concluded that upscaling EMR utilization in HIV care clinics requires a multifaceted approach. It recommended that the County Government of Kiambu implement comprehensive training programs for EMR users, increase funding for EMR infrastructure, strengthen routine maintenance of ICT equipment, and engage ICT staff at the facility level to provide on-site support and troubleshoot the systems
Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services among Women Aged 18 to 59 Years in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya
(African Journal of Health Sciences, 2024-01) Njoroge,Lily N.; Mudhune, Godfrey H.; Otieno,George; Wanjau, Grace; Yoos,Alison
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer, a preventable disease, continues to be the leading cause of death resulting from cancers in Kenya. Despite free cervical cancer screening services in all government hospitals in Laikipia County, the screening uptake remains low at 19% compared to the WHO target of 70%. Hence, understanding the barriers and facilitators is important in informing targeted interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixed-method cross-sectional study was done in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya, between July and August 2022. The participants were women aged between 18 to 59 years. Data was collected on demographic factors and cervical cancer screening utilization. Also, qualitative data was collected using 5 FGDs and 6 KIIs to get more insights. Chi-square tests and odds ratios were calculated using STATA version 15 to assess associations and determine the level of significance. RESULTS Out of the 272 participants, 32.4% (n=88) had ever screened for cervical cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicates that as women age, their likelihood of undergoing screening increases, particularly for those aged 50-59, who show a tenfold higher likelihood of screening [ OR 10.40 (3.20-33.82), p-value <0.001]. Conversely, unemployment is associated with a reduced likelihood of screening [OR 0.42 (0.18-0.99), p-value 0.047] while individuals earning 50-200 USD per month exhibit an increased likelihood [OR 2.25 (1.30-3.87) p-value 0.004]. However, religion, marital status, and education level factors do not show a significant association with the utilization of cervical cancer screening as indicated by p-values of 0.735, 0.069, and 0.765, respectively. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Laikipia county government offers free cervical cancer screening in all government-run facilities but many, especially those aged 25-49, lack awareness. It is vital to boost awareness through community education on cervical cancer causes and prevention, emphasizing screening as preventive. Affordable treatment is also crucial for community reassurance post-diagnosis.
Effectiveness of Training Hospital Management Teams on Utilization of Routine Health Information in Tier Three Hospitals in Kiambu County, Keny
(International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2025) Wambu, Bernard Maracha; Kibaara, Kenneth Rucha; Kithuka, Peter
Health information is essential for health decision-making at all levels of the health pyramid. This study investigated the effect of training HMTs in tier three hospitals in Kiambu County and utilization of routine health information. The study design was interventional, employing a quasi-experimental research design that guided the study in the 12 tier-three hospitals. There was an intervention cluster and a control cluster, each with six hospitals. The study adopted a census technique, and all 240 HMT members were included. The study used both qualitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Data was analysed using Fisher’s exact test for the bi-variate analysis, logistics regression to ascertain the statistical relationships, Mann-Whitney U-test to test the difference in means at baseline and end-line, Difference in Difference technique was used to establish the average treatment effect of the intervention. The study used thematic content analysis to analyse qualitative data. The County Health Management Teams and the Sub County Health Management Teams participated in the Key Informant interviews. The results revealed a significant association between the training and the odds of good utilization (A.O. R=9.01, p=0.0001). Those who received training are 9 times more likely to utilize RHI. The study concludes that, designing HIS should be based on the users’ desired needs and that the intervention was highly effective in promoting the use of the RHI among HMTs. The study recommends that Kiambu County Department of Health should provide strategies for sustaining effective utilization RHI and should provide guidelines to ensure all HMTs are trained to enable them manage hospitals better. The study recommends that; further research be conducted in the lower-level health facilities to generate recommendations appropriate for the different levels of health care systems, similar studies should be replicated in other countries to compare results and enable the drawing of triangulated policy recommendations and a follow-up study be done to determine whether the increase in utilization translates into improved health outcomes or efficiencies within the health system
Utilization of Data Visualization Tools to Inform Decision-Making Among Health Managers in Selected Counties in Kenya
(International Journal of Current Aspects, 2024-10) Mumo,Jeremiah Mwendwa; Kirui,Joyce; Kithuka,Peter
Socio-Demographic Determinants of Digital CQI Adoption among MNCH Health Workers in Kenya, a case of Kwale County
(WJRR, 2025-05) Maina,Charles Kimani; Kibaara,Kenneth Rucha; Gitonga,Eliphas; Kabeu, Emma Watetu
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is essential for enhancing maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services, yet its digital adoption varies widely among healthcare workers. This study investigated how socio-demographic characteristics influence comfort with and uptake of digital CQI tools among MNCH staff in eight public health facilities in Kwale County, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 64 clinical and technical health workers, capturing age, gender, education, years of experience, professional cadre, and prior digital exposure, alongside self-rated comfort using a 5-point scale. Chi-square tests of independence (α=0.05) assessed associations between these factors and comfort (ranging from 1 – least comfortable to 5 – most comfortable). Results showed that mid-career clinicians (age 30–39; χ²=13.2, p=0.002) and direct-care cadres (nurses, clinical officers; χ²=12.1, p=0.020) were significantly more comfortable with digital CQI compared to other staff and administrative roles. No significant associations were found for gender, education level, years of experience, or prior digital use (all p>0.05)
Influence of Spaced Repetition Intervention on Knowledge Retention among Community Health Promoters
(AJP, 2025-02) Njoroge,Haron Mukora; Kithuka,Peter Munyau; Kabeu,Emma Watetu
Purpose: To establish knowledge retention (KR) baseline levels from the entry training community health promoters (CHPs) received in diverse years since 2006 in Nyandarua County, Kenya. Moreover, to determine the influence of spaced repetition (SR) intervention on knowledge retention. Materials and Methods: Quasi experimental design through pre and post intervention tests were used and the sample (n=348) was calculated through Yamane (1967) formula at 95% confidence interval. Tests’ measured KR and the use of mobile phone short message service (SMS) happened to the respondents once per week in 12 weeks after the pre intervention and before the post intervention test. The 4 key messages from the CHP training manual were relayed interchangeably, each 3 times in total. Both tests used competence based curriculum (CBC) rubrics; exceeding expectation (EE), approaching expectation (AE), meeting expectation (ME) and below expectation (BE). Findings: With a response rate of 92% (n= 320), at pre intervention 82.2% (n=263) had BE KR which is 0-49% score and only 0.6% (n=2) had EE with a mean of 1.21 (30.25%) out of scale of 4. At post intervention the mean was 2.49 (62.25%), an improvement ratio of 2.1. The BE fell to 35.3% (n=113) and EE increased to 33.4% (n=107) at post intervention. SR was statistically significant on knowledge retention according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test results (Z = -11.919, p = 0.000). Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Results confirmed the multi-store memory theory that some knowledge ‘decays’ before entering the long term memory but on several reminders knowledge can resurface; a further confirmation of the forgetting curve that information is forgotten over time if not reviewed. Results mean that training CHPs once without subsequent knowledge reinforcement may have less significant effects. Going forward, county government of Nyandarua should organize periodical training refreshment programs for CHPs
Utilization of Electronic Medical Record System for the Managementof HIV/AIDS Information in Public Hospitals inHomaBay County, Kenya
(Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health, 2025-08) Ouru, Abrahams Collins; Kirui, Joyce Chepkirui; Otieno, George O.
The adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is increasing globally due to its potential to improve data accuracy and patient management.However, in Kenya's public health sector, especially in Homa Bay County, full EMR utilization remains limited, hindered by reliance on paper systems and frequent data loss. This study aimed to identify key socio-demographic, organizational, human, and technological factors influencing EMR use for managing HIV/AIDS information in public hospitals in Homa Bay County.Using a cross-sectional design, 198 healthcare professionals were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured and unstructured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 18 and thematic analysis. Chi-square tests revealed that education level (p < .001) and staff cadre (p < .001) significantly influenced EMR use, with diploma holders and clinical staff showing higher odds of full utilization. Human factors, including continuous use (OR = 5.75, p = .005), frequency, perceived usefulness, and provider demand,were significant predictors. Organizational factors identified capacity building and support (OR = 3.35, p = .026) as the only significant influence. Technological factors, including user-friendliness, access speed, internet bandwidth, and system orientation, showed strong associations with full utilization (p < .05), while age, gender, and other structural variables were not significant. Findings highlight the critical roles of training, usability, and support systems in promoting EMR adoption in public healthcare. The study concludes that targeted capacity-building for support and data staff, addressing technological barriers through system upgrades, fostering positive attitudes via mentorship and supervision, and enforcing organizational policies and governance areessential to sustain meaningful EMR use.The study recommends targeted capacity-building for support and data staff, addressing technological barriers through system upgrades, fostering positive attitudes via mentorship and supervision, and enforcing organizational policies and governance to sustain meaningful EMR use.
Influence of Patient Characteristics and Health System Factors on Performance of Electronic Queue Management Systems Among Outpatients in Radiant Group of Hospitals, Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health, 2025-08) Chepkemoi, Naomi; Kithuka, Peter; Kabeu, Emma
The purpose of this study was to examine how patient characteristics and health system factors influence the performance of the electronic queue management system among outpatients in radiant group of hospitals, Nairobi City County, Kenya.There is a rise in the number of hospitals adopting a queue management system in order to improve the movement of patients within the facility. Employing a cross-sectional design with stratified sampling, the study collected data from 335 outpatients and conducted key informant interviews with hospital staff. The research was theoretically grounded in Queue Management Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model. Regarding patient characteristics, the analysis revealed significant associations between EQMS performance and age (OR=1.963, p=0.027), with patients aged 60+ reporting 96% higher satisfaction due to reduced physical queuing demands. Education level showed an inverse relationship with system challenges (OR=0.805, p=0.041), indicating that patients with higher education experienced fewer difficulties navigating the system. Employment status also demonstrated significance (OR=1.104, p=0.019), with employed patients reporting better experiences, likely due to greater technology familiarity. For health system factors, staff communication emerged as the strongest predictor (OR=2.220, p=0.025), where clear queue status updates reduced perceived wait times by 122%. Staff engagement (OR=1.633, p=0.046) and responsiveness (OR=0.983, p=0.003) were equally vital, explaining 63% and 98% of variance in satisfaction scores respectively. Environmental factors proved equally crucial, with clear signage (OR=3.145, p=0.041) and cleanliness (OR=3.271, p=0.001) increasing the likelihood of positive experiences by 214% and 227% respectively. Qualitative data highlighted specific challenges for non-English speakers and patients with disabilities. The study concludes that patient characteristics including age, education level, employment status, and trust levels significantly influence Electronic Queue Management System performance among outpatients at Radiant Group of Hospitals, with health system factors such as staff communication, environmental conditions, and organizational support playing equally critical roles in determining system effectiveness. The study recommends that healthcare facilities implement multilingual interface enhancements, staff training programs focused on communication and patient engagement, environmental modifications including improved signage and seating, and accessibility features for special needs populations to ensure comprehensive and equitable electronic queue management system performance.
Routine Health Information Systems Performance in Management of Diabetes and Hypertension in Selected Health Centers in Nairobi, Kenya
(Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health, 2025-08) Njoroge, Nduta; Rucha, Kenneth; Kabeu, Emma
Globally, there has been a strong emphasis on enhancing decision-making through the improvement of routine health information systems (RHIS). Numerous studies have explored methods to enhance the quality of RHIS data to achieve this goal. Similarly, at the regional level, several countries have prioritized enhancing their RHIS performance. However, the Ministry of Health's 2019 policy brief has identified challenges related to health organizations' capacity to effectively analyze and utilize DHIS2 information. In light of these challenges, this study sought to investigate the factors influencing RHIS performance in managing diabetes and hypertension within selected health centers in Nairobi. The study's objectives were to examine the impact of technical determinants, organizational determinants, and behavioral determinants on RHIS performance. To guide thestudy, Delone and McLean's information system success framework will be employed as a theoretical framework. A cross-sectional research design was utilized, and data was collected from a randomly selected sample of 123 healthcare professionals across seven health centers in Nairobi. Data was gathered through the administration of semi-structured questionnaires using the drop-and-pick method. Collected data was scrutinized using SPSS, employing descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression to understand the nature and significance of the effects of technical, organizational, and behavioral determinants on RHIS performance. The findings revealed that technical determinants, such as user-friendliness and the availabilityof adequate reporting tools, significantly influenced RHIS performance (p=0.020, OR=0.316). Behavioral determinants, including staff confidence and data quality assurance skills, had a strong and significant positive relationship with RHIS performance (p=0.050, OR=0.377). However, organizational determinants, such as funding and staffing, showed no significant relationship with RHIS performance (p=0.526). Thus, the study recommends prioritizing the acquisition of user-friendly RHIS systems and ensuring theavailability of adequate reporting tools to improve technical aspects. Additionally, targeted training programs should be implemented to enhance staff confidence, proficiency, and data quality assurance skills. Finally, strengthening the implementation ofnational policies, such as the Kenya National e-Health Policy and the Kenya Health Information System Policy, will ensure alignment with RHIS goals and improve performance across health centers.
Influence of Technological Factors on Performance of Electronic Queue Management Systems among Outpatients in Radiant Group of Hospitals, Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journal of Medicine, Nursing & Public Health, 2025-08) Chepkemoi, Naomi; Kithuka, Peter; Kabeu, Emma
Long waiting times and congested queues in healthcare facilities worldwide have led to the adoption of Electronic Queue Management Systems (EQMS) to streamline service delivery, but their effectiveness depends critically on the performance of underlying technological components.Thus, this study sought to examine the influence of perceived technological factors on the performance of EQMS among outpatients at the Radiant Group of Hospitals in Nairobi City County. The study employed a cross-sectional design anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Queue Management Theory (QMT), targeting patients in the outpatient department. Astratified proportionate sampling approach was used to select 335 respondents from a population of 1,460 patients, while key informants were identified purposively.Data were collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews and analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods, with findings presented in tables, charts, and narratives. The results revealed that technological factors significantly influenced EQMS performance. Key positive determinants included system capacity (OR=1.589, p=0.002), adherence to queue discipline (OR=0.923, p=0.043), and reduced waiting time delays (OR=1.129, p=0.021). Conversely, technical challenges such as system malfunctions (OR=1.509, p=0.052) and unreliable internet connectivity (OR=0.826, p=0.001) emerged as notable barriers to effective system use. The study concludes that the success of EQMS is highly dependent on its technological robustness, reliability, and user-friendliness. The study recommends the integration of a mobile application for real-time queue updates, the introduction of multilingual interfaces to improve accessibility for diverse patient demographics and the incorporation of voice-guided instructions and braille signage to support patients with special needs.
Effectiveness of Socio-Economic-Demographic Factors on Utilization of Routine Health Information Among Hospital Management Teams in TierThree Hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya
(jahss, 2025) Wambu, Bernard Maracha; Kibaara, Kenneth Rucha; Kithuka, Peter
This study investigated the effectiveness of socio-economic-demographic factors on utilization of routine health information among HMTs in tier-three hospitals in Kiambu County. The study design was interventional, employing a quasi-experimental research design that guided the study in the 12 tier-three hospitals. There was an intervention cluster and a control cluster, each with six hospitals. The study adopted a census technique, and all 240 HMT members were included. The study used both qualitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Data was analysed using Fisher’s exact test for the bi-variate analysis, logistics regression to ascertain the statistical relationships, Mann-Whitney U-test to test the difference in means at baseline and end-line, Difference in Difference technique was used to establish the average treatment effect of the intervention. The study used thematic content analysis to analyse qualitative data. The County Health Management Teams and the Sub County Health Management Teams participated in the Key Informant interviews. The results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference regarding the socio-economic-demographic factors before and after the intervention, (Mann-Whitney U-test results, U = 28333, p = 0.7851). The study concludes that, designing HIS should be based on the users’ desired needs and that the intervention was highly effective in promoting the use of the RHI among HMTs. The study recommends that Kiambu County Department of Health should provide strategies for sustaining effective utilization RHI and should provide guidelines to ensure all HMTs are trained to enable them manage hospitals better. The study recommends that; further research be conducted in the lower-level health facilities to generate recommendations appropriate for the different levels of health care systems, similar studies should be replicated in other countries to compare results and enable the drawing of triangulated policy recommendations and a follow-up study be done to determine whether the increase in utilization translates into improved health outcomes or efficiencies within the health system.
Household and Community - Based Factors Associated with Universal Coverage of Insecticide - Treated Nets (ITNs). Results from a Cross - Sectional Malaria Survey in Vihiga County, Kenya
(IJSR, 2024-09) Odipo, Jacob Owiti; Otieno, George; Yoos, Aliso; Wanjau, Grace
Background: Insecticide - treated nets (ITNs) are an essential tool for preventing the spread of malaria. An adequate number of ITNs in households increases the probability of its use. Unfortunately, it's still unclear what factors prevent households from achieving universal coverage of ITNs despite the free mass net distribution every three years. This paper explored the household and community - based factors associated with universal ITN coverage in Vihiga County, Kenya. Methods: A cross - sectional survey was conducted among households in Vihiga County. Households were enrolled through multistage sampling and data was collected through structured questionnaire. Universal coverage was defined as the proportion of households with at least one ITN for every two people. Bivariable analysis was conducted using the chi - square test while determinants of universal coverage of ITNs and usage were assessed using multivariable logistic regression at a statistical significance of P - value<0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: The study revealed that 262 (59.55%) had achieved universal coverage. Factors associated with universal coverage included household head marital status (P=0.04), ease in setting up the ITN (P=0.011). Household head married/ living with their partners also had a three times better likelihood of ITNs use (OR=3.46.95%CI= 1.47 - 8.17). Education level was not significant in the attainment of universal net coverage. Conclusion: Only 59.55% of households had attained universal ITN coverage against the global target of at least 80%. Free mass net campaigns should be encouraged with more focus on single household heads or those staying alone. Additionally, a replacement framework of destroyed ITNs should be considered in order to maintain universal ITN coverage
Analysis of Cost Associated with Treatment of Road Traffic Injuries among Victims at the Kenyatta National Hospital Nairobi City Kenya
(IJRISS, 2022) Lipule, Zablon.anyenda; Yitambe, Andre; Rucha, Kenneth
Background; Previous studies have pointed out that road traffic injuries (RTIs) as a leading cause to fatalities of over one million victims globally per year which bears negative impact on health, economy and development of the society as a whole. Furthermore, young men and women at their most economic age group have been identified as the most vulnerable group to road traffic injuries (RTIs) resulting to mortality and very severe morbidity due disability. However, there is little or no published evidence on healthcare resource allocations and utilization after RTIs, especially in developing countries that include those in Africa. Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the total hospital cost related to RTI (Road traffic injury) victims admitted for a period of 3 months. The study demonstrated effects of direct and indirect medical cost , productivity loss and hospital length of stay on total cost of road traffic injuries of RTI victims at KNH. Methods: This was a cross sectional study design done at the Kenyatta Hospital Nairobi, surgical wards and Accident & Emergency. A sample (n=124) consisted of new victims admitted to the Hospital due to RTI from January 25th 2019 to 24th April 2019., this was two thirds of the sample size at 74% respondent rate who gave consent and all ethical approvals granted. The data collection of direct and indirect medical cost was by data extraction tool, testing of the tools was done at the surgical ward. Productivity loss of the victims was calculated by use of Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAIQ). SPSS version 22 was applied and descriptive statistics to show frequencies and Percentages for categorical variables (victim’s unique individualized characteristics). Multi Linear Regression Model Test was used test the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Results: The study results indicated that direct cost factors (laboratory cost, A&E Charges and Diagnostic Cost) (X1: β1 =.199, P<. 047), (X3: β3 =.469, P< .037), and (X4: β4 =.029, P< .048) had a significant influence on the overall cost of treatment of RTI victims seeking treatment at the KNH, there was no significant relationship between Bed Charges (X2: β2 =.117, P>.689) and the cost of treatment of RTI victims seeking treatment at the KNH. The findings of the study also indicated that Y= 7.949+.001X1+0. 458X2+0. .239 X3+ 0. .305X4+e where a .199 change in direct cost, .117 changes in indirect cost, .469 change in total productivity cost and .029 changes in duration of stay in hospital influenced a unit change on the cost of treatment of RTI victims seeking treatment at the KNH. Most distribution of injuries was lower limbs at 51.6% Conclusion & Recommendation: The study concludes that Road traffic accident is an economic burden to individual, family and country at large. The study recommends, need for an awareness on importance of National Hospital insurance fund (NHIF) as a universal health coverage fund for people at an affordable cost, there is need to reduce the indirect cost of treatment associated indirect cost of treatment, support to from one person or two further increasing productivity time associated with the injury. Further motion study on cost analysis will give a detailed insight on these area of study.
Perceived Indigenous Perspectives of Maternal Health Care Services among Women of Marakwet, Kenya
(JAMMR, 2019) Cheboi, Solomon Kemoi; Kimeu, Anastasiah Nyamilu; Rucha, Kenneth Kibaara
Background: Recognition of the vulnerabilities and differentials in maternal indicator is a pressing concern throughout safe motherhood literature. Uptake of skilled delivery by women in Marakwet remain 44%, compared to the national rate of 68%. Accountability for improving maternal indicators calls for interrogation of indigenous practices to amend complex social causes. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in the thirteen patrilineal clans of Marakwet. Discussants were women of reproductive age while key informants included cultural anthropologist, traditionalist and gatekeepers. The data was analyzed manually through a process of data reduction, organization and emerging patterns interpretation then sub categories. Results: Pregnancy and delivery are not just biomedical process but culturally biosocial practice. Discipline and socialization are critical elements. Adequate self, family and community care lead tonoble pregnancy outcome. The community and midwife uses knowledge to jumpstart childbirth practices for expectant women for healthy prenatal period, delivery and postnatal running. Holiness and hygiene, controlled sex and sexual relationships, artefacts and dressing, food ways and diet, social interaction, livelihoods and lifestyle are key pregnancy and childbirth social aetiology. Conclusion: cultural stimuli and remedies inform maternal health seeking behaviour and practices of women. Continued care, hygiene, geophagy, controlled food ways and social interaction as well as avoiding heavy duties and events that trigger emotions and pressure are sound indigenous ways of improving maternal and child health. However, norms such as visiting a midwife for pregnancy confirmation and massage as well as folk activities such as the use of charms and repertoires for protection and cleansing ceremonies provide false protection. Recommendation: the results suggest the relative value for indigenous maternal health care services in enhancing client centered delivery health services. Review of policies and programs to integrate harmless indigenous practices into maternity care services may promote quality, satisfaction and uptake of facility based childbirth services
Factors Influencing Adherence to Data Protection Guidelines among Researchers at the Kenya Medical Research Institute
(tijst, 2019) Kebenei, Enock Kipchirchir; Otieno, George O.; Rucha, Kibaara Kenneth
Background A study conducted in Kenya between January and June 2014 showed that one of the important challenges facing researchers in public health data sharing is the risk to the interests of study participants. Exposure of participant’s data can lead to stigmatization, loss of privacy, and unfair competition. Data loss can be through the form of intentional and unintentional 'misuse' of data. This study sought to determine the factors influencing adherence to the data protection guidelines among the researchers at KEMRI, Kenya: the national body responsible for carrying out health research in Kenya. Objective The study sought to determine the individual and organizational factors influencing adherence to the data protection guidelines among health researchers in KEMRI, Kenya. Methods This study was conducted among health researchers at the Kenya Medical Research Institute in Nairobi, Kilifi, Kisumu, and Busia Counties, Kenya. This was a quantitative cross-sectional study design involving 141 health researchers. Stratified sampling method was used to obtain the representative sample of the whole population. Questionnaires were administered to the selected KEMRI researchers. A total of nine questions extracted from the NACOSTI guidelines were asked. A respondent was considered to have adhered if he/she has agreed to all the nine questions. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The significant individual factors that influences adherence to the national data protection guidelines among KEMRI researchers are common forms in which data may leak to unintended persons/places (p-value of 0.04) and research stages (p-value of 0.03). The availability of guidelines or policies on data protection within the institute is the organizational factor which highly influences adherence to data protection with a p-value of 0.01 (this shows that it is highly significant). Institutional Ethics Review Boards (IRB) and Data Safety & Monitoring Boards (DSMBs) clearly do not play a critical role in data protection in health research with a p-value of 0.77(this shows that it is highly insignificant). Conclusion These results imply that both the individual and organizational factors influence adherence to the data protection guidelines among health researchers.
Determinants of Data Use for Decision Making in Health Facilities in Kitui County, Kenya
(QJMSS, 2021-06) Karijo, Eddah Kanini; Otieno, George Ochieng; Mogere, Stephen
Background: Effective management of today’s health systems depends on the critical use of data for the policy-making, planning, monitoring of services, and making decisions. The use of data has been limited and faced with inadequacy hence vital health decisions often relying on political opportunism, donor demand, and infrequently repeated national studies which are insensitive to changes occurring over a shorter timescale. Objective: This study was designed to identify determinants of utilization of routine data for decision making by health care providers in health facilities in Kitui County in Kenya. Method: The conceptual framework was constructed from the literature review. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study adopting quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. The district hospital was purposively selected. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to sample the health facilities in sub-counties and simple random sampling to select the respondents from different cadres in health facilities. The 110 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Key informant interviews, focused group discussions, observation, and analysis of documents in health facilities were applied. Recordings were transcribed and key concepts identified. Questionnaire results were edited, coded, tabulated, and analyzed using the SPSS 18. Result: Respondents interviewed were from different cadres of health care providers including doctors, clinical officers, nurses, and midwives from different levels of health facilities. Among the respondents, 70% were females, and 30% males. The majority, 64% had a diploma level of education. Nurses/ midwives were the majority, making up 81% of the workforce. The overall extent of data utilization was 66% not using data and 34% use the routine generated data. The following actors influence utilization of routine data: frequency of meetings held (x2=42.036, df=1, p=0.001), data storage and analyzing methods (x2= 30.582, df=1, p=0.001), and continuous professional training (x2= 49.782, df=1, p=0.0001). Organization of the district health system influenced routine data utilization through the frequency of support supervision (x2=30.000, df=1, p=0.001), issues assessed during supervision (x2=49.164, df=2, p=0.002) and feedback report from the supervisors (x2=5.236, df=1, p=0.022). Conclusion: The study demonstrated limited utilization of routine data for decisions in health facilities and recommended the need for capacity building for data utilization through on job training and strengthening the curriculum in health training institutions in data-related areas. The ministry of health can standardize the parallel reporting levels and unify the reporting tools and finally ensure the districts have structured meetings, support supervision, and feedback to the health care providers
Utilization of Focused Antenatal Care among Expectant Women in Murang'a County, Kenya
(ajol, 2021-05) Kiplangat, Titus Mutai; Otieno, George Ochieng
Focused Antenatal Care (FANC) is crucial to improving maternal and infant health. Despite the Government of Kenya' efforts to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidities and mortalities, these conditions prevail in Murunga. The current study examined how individual, organizational, and policy factors influence the utilization of focused antenatal care services amongst women in the Gatanga sub-county, Murang'a County, Kenya. The cross-sectional survey data was collected between June and July 2019 from three sampled wards. A structured questionnaire was administered to 334 women of reproductive age, aged 18 years and above, who delivered within the past one year or above 38 weeks of gestation. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests at a 5% level of significance were done using SPSS version 22. The findings indicated that 37.3% of respondents do not utilize FANC services. Level of education (X2 (3) = 16.05; p < 0.05), occupation (X2 (3) = 16.50; p < 0.05), level of income (X2 (4) = 15.53; p < 0.05), time taken to the facility (X2 (3) = 34.72; p < 0.05), and waiting time (X2 (3) = 14.17; p < 0.05) were found to significantly influence utilization of FANC services. Therefore, women should be empowered through education and economic activities to remain financially independent. The government should also improve access to health care, especially in rural areas, by building new health facilities to improve the utilization of FANC services. Besides, more health care providers should be employed to reduce the waiting time at the facility.

Browse

Recent Submissions