RP-Department of Sociology

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The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in East and West African athletes.
(Medicine and amp Science in Sports and amp Excersice, 2007-12) Yang, Nan; MacArthur, Daniel G; Wolde, Bezabhe; Onywera, V.O.; Boit, Michael K.; Lau, Sau Yin Mary-Ann; Wilson, Richard H; Scott, Robert A; Yannis, P
To determine the frequency of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (functional R allele and nonfunctional X allele) in a variety of African populations and to examine its influence on the success of elite East African endurance runners and West African sprinters. The R577X polymorphism was genotyped in 198 Ethiopian controls and 76 elite Ethiopian endurance athletes, 158 Kenyan controls and 284 elite Kenyan endurance runners, and 60 Nigerian controls and 62 elite Nigerian power athletes. Statistical analyses were performed by exact tests of population differentiation, using Arlequin, version 3. Analyses were carried out using 1 x 10(6) Markov chain steps, and 1 x 10(5) dememorization steps. The frequency of the X allele was extremely low among Kenyans and Nigerians (approximately 1% homozygosity) and higher in Ethiopians (approximately 11% homozygosity). The low baseline frequencies of the three populations tested mean that any associations with sprint performance would likely be obscured. In Ethiopians, where baseline levels of 577XX were about 11%, there was no increased frequency in the endurance athletes. Our data suggest that alpha-actinin-3 deficiency is not a major influence on performance in African athletes.
Addressing the Practical Gender Needs of Refugee Women for their Economic Empowerment: Perspectives from the Ampain and Egyeikrom Camps in Ghana
(International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2022) Ofosu-Koranteng, Monica; Mwatha, Regina; Okemwa, Pacificah
This paper looked at how the practical gender needs of refugee women are addressed to promote their economic empowerment. The study focused on the Ampain and Egyeikrom refugee camps in Ghana's Western and Central regions. A case study design was used to conduct the study, and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 104 refugee women. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide, focus group discussions guide and key informants interview guide. Data was analyzed and presented in descriptive statistics and verbatim quotations. The results revealed that refugee women’s practical gender roles had the potential to limit their full participation in the economic empowerment interventions. These included food provision, childcare, and other household chores such as cleaning and washing. However, planners identified these roles and duly addressed them to reduce the negative impact of refugee women's practical gender roles on their economic empowerment. Planners addressed these practical gender roles by working with relevant stakeholders to ensure that complementary and support services were provided. The education directorate provided a school and crèche where women could keep their children and attend to their businesses. The study recommends continuous close collaboration with existing stakeholders and robbing more agencies for collaboration, including the private sector.
Adolescent Sexuality and Fertility in Kenya: A Survey of Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices
(Population Council, 1991-08) Ajayi, Ayo A.; Leah, T.; Janice, Miller; Paxman, John M.
This article presents findings from a survey conducted in Kenya in 1985 of the reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among more than 3,000 unmarried Kenyan youth, students and nonstudents, between the ages of 12 and 19. The survey was designed to elicit information that would be useful in gauging the kinds of problems Kenyan adolescents face in order to design programs that meet their needs. The study shows that although a solid majority of adolescents appear to have received information on reproductive health, the quality of the infor- mation is generally low. Fewer than 8 percent could correctly identify the fertile period in a woman's menstrual cycle. A substantial proportion of the population surveyed, more than 50 percent, is sexually active, having initiated intercourse some time between 13 and 14 years of age, on average. In spite of a general disapproval of premarital sex (but approval of the use of contraceptives among the sexually active), most of the sexually active population-89 percent-have never used contraceptives. The many contradictions between attitudes and practices pose serious questions and demonstrate the need to reexamine the programs (and policies) that provide access to reproductive health services to adolescents in Kenya. (STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING 1991; 22,4: 205-216)
Anthropometric characteristics, dietary patterns and the risk of Glucose Intolerance among rural populations in the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya
(2011-11-02) Kiplamai, Festus Kaino; Mike, K. Boit; Waudo, Judith N.
Introduction: The primary cause of increase in the prevalence of glucose intolerance in Africa is the lifestyle changes commonly known as the “nutrition transition”. Objective: To determine the effects of dietary intake and anthropometric characteristics on the glucose intolerance of two rural communities of the Lake Victoria Basin in Kenya. Methods: Data from 304 subjects (8/24, M/F with glucose intolerance; 126/146, M/F control subjects) were analyzed in a case control study. Their height, weight, hip circumference (HC), Waist Circumference (WC) Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), calf circumference (CC) and % Body Fat (BF) were measured. Diet intake was assessed using 24 hour recall and the food frequency questionnaire. Glucose intolerance (IGT + Diabetes) was assessed using the fasting blood glucose level followed by the OGTT test using 75grams of glucose. Results: The BMI (p=0.003), %BF (p=0.002), and HC (p=0.004), differed significantly among glucose intolerant and the controls. Glucose intolerant (GI) subjects were found to have a significantly (p=0.017) lower percentage of protein (12%) intake in their diets than the control (14%). The intake of Poly unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) also differed significantly (p=0.042) with the glucose intolerant group consuming less than the controls. There was significant differences (p=0.015) in the vegetable intake among the two groups with the controls having reported increased intake of the vegetables. Conclusions: Increasing BMI, % BF and HC independent of age and sex are risk factors for glucose intolerance. A high overall protein percent intake in the diet and an elevated PUFA intake have desirable effects in the management of blood sugar metabolism. Increased intake of vegetables was found to have protective effects against glucose intolerance. Recommendations: Individuals are strongly advised to have non-elevated BMI, %BF and HC for purposes of managing the body tolerance to glucose. Increasing the protein percentage, PUFA and vegetable intake in the diet is recommended for all age groups and in both males and females
The Arts and the Sciences and the shaping of political orientations in Kenya: evidence from university undergraduates.
(2013-04) Ombaka, Dick M.
Assessment of Implementation of the Community Policing Programme in Nakuru Police Division, Nakuru County, Kenya
(2013-12-18) Njiri, N. M.; Ngari, L. K.; Maina, L.
The concept of community policing has become popular in recent times. Burdened with high crime rates and low public trust in the police, community policing has been embraced in a number of countries. In Kenya the security situation has deteriorated, and this has necessitated the introduction of community policing in various police stations. The purpose of this study is to assess the implementation of community policing programme in Nakuru Police Division. The objectives of the study are to assess the nature of community policing and establish the institutional arrangements of community policing. It will also identify the successes and challenges facing community policing and suggest recommendations to community policing in Nakuru Police Division. The study will employ a descriptive survey design. The study will target 330 police officers and community members involved in the community policing programme. Stratified simple random sampling techniques will be used to select a sample size of 141 respondents. Data will be collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics namely frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation will be used to analyze the data. Qualitative data analysis will include the interactive processes of data description and classification for the purpose of coding and reducing data to themes. The findings of the study will provide useful information for evaluating and monitoring community policing programme. It will also form a basis for further research by scholars and students. The findings may also be used by the government in making decisions pertaining to ways of strengthening community policing programmes.
Changing intergenerational relationships and their implications on family structure and functioning in Africa
(2013) Daniel, M.M.; Lucy, W. M.; Samuel, M. M.
Intergenerational relationships have been changing the world over, with greater implications on the family structure, health and stability. The key changes in Africa are often associated with colonial intrusion and the attendant infiltration of Western cultures. The process has in recent times been further exacerbated by the process of globalization. In the past, relationships between generations were stipulated in culture and preserved by norms, folklore and even taboos. These relationships were based on mutual respect, cooperation, obedience and benefit across generations. The honor, respect and reverence of the old by the young were supposed to be passed down the generations. With modern changes, these values have changed and in some cases, are completely eroded and replaced with modern ideals often leading to dysfunctioning of the family. Some of the dysfunctions include lack of care for older persons within the family, child delinquency, lack of internal regulation of the family, lack of external mitigation in times of dispute, resulting to frequent breakdown of the family. As a result, family relationships and roles are changing and so are the intergenerational relationships. The patterns of change also create implications warranting interventions beyond the capacity of the family
China Economic Relations with Developing Countries in Africa. A Critical Literature Review
(CARI Journals, 2022) Kariuki, Robert
Purpose: Although not yet a superpower, China has propelled itself to both challenges and the existing status quo that has brought it into direct competition with other superpowers. The overall objective of this study was to examine china economic relations with developing countries in Africa. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: This study concluded that hat the changes in China Africa relations were informed by the shifting of bilateral relations from 1989-2003. The shifts of bilateral relations were informed by the change of regimes. Economic engagement between China and Africa during the period 1977-1990, accounted for these foreign aid, economic and technical cooperation between both countries. During this period, the Tolbert and Doe’s administrations accounted for China Africa economic engagement. From the findings, the Doe and Taylor regimes severed bilateral relations with China which accounted for low economic interaction between China and Africa developing countries from 1989 to 2003. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that it would be necessary for the African government to create a comprehensive strategy that would effectively balance its relations with China and the West. In addition, the African government needs to unleash its full potential and establish a policy for long-term development that corresponds with the interests of its citizens.
Christians and the 2010 constitution referendum in Kenya: A search for explanations from a retrospective study
(International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2013) Ombaka, D. M.
Religion has co-existed with the politics since times immemorial and the issue of how they influence one another is of perennial interest. Kenya is indeed no exception in this regard and in the politically repressive 1980s, it was only the voices of the mostly Christian clergy that could be heard in the fearful silence. Thus the Christian church came to be closely associated with the fight for political freedom and democratization. However, all that came into serious question in 2010 when a referendum that was held to approve a new constitution was conducted. During that year the most notable opposition to the proposed constitution came from the Christian clergy. What caused this turn-around? It is this question that prompted this retrospective search for explanations from the data gathered from a study of some 870 undergraduate students in universities in Kenya that was conducted in 1999. How could the change in political standpoint of the clergy be explained? Did it have something to do with the political attitudes engendered by membership in these churches? The findings suggest that although Christianity influences political attitudes to some extent, such influence is not overwhelming and what was witnessed in the referendum may therefore be due to influences emanating from other than the attitudes and orientations nurtured by professing Christianity as a faith.
Community Health Workers Volunteerism and Task-Shifting: Lessons from Malaria Control and Prevention Implementation Research in Malindi, Kenya
(American Journal of Sociological Research, 2019) Muia, Daniel; Kamau, Anne; Kibe, Lydiah
Community health workers (CHWs) operating as volunteers are vital front-line health care workers. They are critical actors in enhancing access to universal health care. The 2006 WHO Report which focuses on human resources for health sees task-shifting as a key response to staff shortage. CHWs thus undertake delegated health care system service delivery at the community level and in most cases for no pay. This paper is drawn from a two years (2015 - 2017) TDR/WHO supported implementation research project which sought to enhance the role of CHWs in malaria prevention and control. The CHWs use community development methodologies to promote work which is otherwise bio-medical. Community engagement is employed not only as a method of passing on critical information on malaria prevention but also as a process of empowering the community to make decisions and to implement and manage change. The CHWs drawing from the Paulo Freire conscientisation process also leads communities to reflect and act on ways of controlling and preventing malaria. The paper also discusses the dilemma of working with CHWs as volunteers whom under task shifting provide services for which compensation could be offered. The study, using a descriptive survey design, collected data from twenty purposively selected CHWs who participated in the project. It found that CHWs are of relatively low socioeconomic status, with only 36.4% having completed primary school education. CHWS are involved in promoting general community health, immunization and sanitation; referring the sick to hospital; and malaria control activities. CHWs perceived their strength as lying in their training and the community recognition and appreciation of their work. CHWs were also aware of the empowerment process that took place in communities out of the community engagement process. While CHWs work as volunteers, they appeared to be keen on getting compensation (Mnyafulo) out of the project. The suggestion was that for sustainability and after the project phase out they could be motivated through some regular stipend as well as uniforms and certification for recognition purposes. This paper concludes that to the extent that task shifting is a reality given the shortage of health staff, policy measures need to be put in place to institutionalize CHWs and their work. This would also entail (and on ethical basis) ensuring some form of compensation for the crucial work done by CHWs in their community units. Continuing capacity building of CHWs also needs to be inbuilt in the county health system
Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Organization Development interventions on Organizational leadership and management practice. A Case of Green Earth (GEP).
(2011) Minja, D.M.
This study was an analytical descriptive research done to assess the effects of organization development interventions on leadership and management practises of Green Earth Program. The theoretical framework was based on the models developed by Kotter and Lippit and the conceptual framework was based on the effects of organization development interventions framework of leading change. A pre- assessment of leadership and management practice at Green Earth was conducted which identified six problem areas or improvement issues. These were: absence of a strong compelling vision and an organization structure that encouraged an unhealthy competitive conflict, failure to involve staff at all levels in decision making especially in areas affecting their work, inadequate information flow (communication), a perceived unfair reward system and lack of human resources management policies and procedures, weak financial accountability practice and lack of financial management policies and procedures. The data from pre- assessment and post assessment were statistically treated using the means. A t-test was also used for the comparison of the pre and post interventions data, for improvements significance at 0.05 alpha levels. The results of the pre and post intervention assessments showed that the effects of the interventions was statistically significant. The study findings revealed that the overall mean for pre- assessment was 1.45 while the overall mean for post intervention assessment was 1.81. The overall p value was p=0.000. This was a clear indication that there was a very significant difference between data obtained during pre- assessment and data obtained after post intervention assessment. The above results led to the conclusion that the Organization Development Interventions offered were successful since there was a significant difference in the data before and after the interventions. These results therefore, led to the rejection of the hypothesis which stated that there were no significant differences in the obtained data on the six problems areas before and after the interventions. This hypothesis was to be accepted or rejected at the 0.05 alpha level.
Coping with Food Insecurity in Math are Valley Slum in Nairobi, Kenya
(American Research Institute for Policy Development, 2016-06) Masese, Stellah Mong’ina; Muia, Daniel Munyiala
The right to food is recognized in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights as part of the right to an adequate standard of living. The study while it aimed at establishing the nature of food insecurity in Math are Valley, it also sought to find out the coping strategies residents of the informal settlement employ to cope with food insecurity. This was a cross-sectional study that employed quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect and analyse data. The study established that food insecurity was prevalent as most people were engaged in casual jobs that pay less than Ksh. 5000/= per month, much less than official minimum wage. The residents use various coping mechanisms such as relying on cheap food, skipping of meals, borrowing and depending of food aids. The study recommends that community economic empowerment be undertaken as that is at the core of food insecurity.
Counter Measures Used By Pastoralist in Arid Areas on Environmental Hazards. A Critical Literature Review
(Cari Journals, 2022) Kariuki, Robert
Purpose: Climate variability, population explosion, and poverty have lowered the adaptive capacity to climate variability of pastoralists in arid and semi-arid areas. The overall objective of this study was to examine counter measures used by pastoralist in arid areas on environmental hazards. A critical literature review Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study concluded that about 14.8% of the residents in arid and semi-arid areas depend on relatives for economic support, while 3.3% depend on friends, 0.7% on loans for women groups, and 1.3% on government projects for support. About 73.0% do not have other sources of livelihood. Dependence on relatives and friends for economic support increases vulnerability to climate variability because it does not provide a consistent income source. Moreover, a lack of livelihood diversification increases vulnerability to climate variability. About 94.70% of the residents do not benefit from cash transfer programs. The 5.30% who receive cash transfers receive it from the government and NGOs. However, most residents do not benefit from cash transfers, which is a sign of poor coordination between the government and NGOs. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the relevant governments in arid and semi-arid areas should formulate and implement appropriate policies and strategies to improve adaptive capacity of women to climate variability in arid and semi-arid areas because most of the taboos in arid and semi-arid target women and reduce their ability to cope with climate variability. Programs to strengthen their adaptation strategies should also be introduced because most of their livelihood diversification methods such as charcoal burning contribute to environmental degradation and consequently to global warming.
Creating an Online Self: Developing Virtual Identity in Online Group Interaction Spaces
(IJCAB Publishing Group, 2021) King’ara, George N.; Omukoba, Deckillah
Online groups have pervasively become platforms for association and interaction. Hence, it is important to study how interactions on these virtual groups affect the selves of individual group members, and whether communication activities in these groups lead to formation of virtual identities of active members which is distinguishable from their non-mediated identity. To analyze the development of virtual identity, four focus group discussions of ten youthful participants each, who were members of various online groups, were conducted and eight social media experts were interviewed. Concepts of Communication Theory of Identity (CTI) and Uses and Gratification Theory were employed to analyze collected data in assessing how online group interactions that involve fashioning identity, impression management, anonymity and pro-social behavior lead to formation of online group members virtual identity. We first interrogate how these online groups shape behavior online by interrogating the individual group member’s conversations and actions online and paralleling them with their conversations and actions offline. Second, using the threedimensional identity formation model (Crocetti, Rubini, & Meeus, 2008), we crystalize how these online interactions and behavior cause individual group member’s to feel, think and understand themselves in ways that promote a unique online-self, which we refer to as the virtual identity.
Creating employment through transport; the Youth and Motorcycle ( Boda Boda ) in Kitengela, Kjiado County.
(Emerging Academy Resources, 2013) Gladys, Marie Nyachieo
It is widely recognized that young people have been among the most adversely affected by the current economic crisis in Africa and the world. The youths have reduced chances of getting jobs into the formal sector. Due to the above situation, the youths are engaging in a variety of activities for ‘survival’. In Kenya, the motorcycle (boda boda) transport is a form of employment that is giving job opportunities to many young people at a time when the world is facing global unemployment problems. Transport is an important component in both rural and urban development programs and an enabling element for the achievement of Millennium Development Goals. This is in terms of creating employment for the young people and facilitating movement of goods and services. Utilizing a sample of 50 motorcycle (boda boda) riders in Kitengela, the study examined motorcycle (boda boda) as a form of employment for the youth. The main objective was to determine the role of (boda boda) motorcycles in employment creation for the youth in Kitengela, the study looks at whether (boda boda) motorcycles have improved the financial wellbeing of youths in Kitengela. The study demonstrates that youths can create employment through their innovative initiatives. The significance of this study is in filling a gap in literature. In addition, it suggests what the government and other stakeholders can do to ensure that the transport sector that is creating employment for the youth is made more efficient and safe. Convenience sampling was used. Qualitative data was coded and summarized and categorized in themes. SPSS was be used to analyze quantitative data. Data was presented in pie charts, bar charts and frequency tables.
Culture as a Determinant to Gender Differentials in Adoption of Alternative Livelihoods among Pastoralists in West Pokot County, Kenya
(JAIS, 2023) Kondoltiony, Emmanuel P.; Okemwa, Pacificah; Wanjama, Leah
This study sought to investigate cultural determinants to gender differentials in adoption of Alternative Livelihoods (ALs) among pastoralists in West Pokot County, Kenya. Gender differentials have persisted in spite of concerted efforts to address them hence impeding adoption of ALs, a process considered by scholars and development experts to be the best pathway out of the community’s myriad developmental challenges. The study specifically endeavoured to explain gender differentials in adoption of ALs, from a cultural perspective. The study was guided by Structural Functionalism Theory, complemented by Capacities and Vulnerabilities Analysis (CVA) framework. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were applied. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design and the target population included adult household members, elders and opinion leaders. Whereas multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed to sample study respondents for the questionnaires, participants for Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), were purposively selected. Data were collected using questionnaires, KII schedule and FGD guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS Version 23. The analyzed data were presented in Tables and Charts. Content analysis was employed in analyzing qualitative data which were then presented in narrative and verbatim forms. It was established that the gender differentials in adoption of ALs among the pastoralists in West Pokot are determined by an array of cultural factors, which impacted men and women unequally. These included beliefs, values, customs and practices, most of which constrained adoption of ALs, more so by women. Thus, this study concludes that the community’s cultural structure greatly impacts adoption of ALs through its gender role plan, and the gendered access to and control over productive resources, thereby causing gender differentials in adoption of ALs. It is, therefore, recommended that development actors ought to consider initiatives that engage cultural aspects as this affects adoption of Alternative Livelihoods.
Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan endurance runners
(Journal of Sport Science, 2006-05) Onywera, V.O.; Scott, Robert A; Boit, Michael K.; Pitsiladis, Yannis P
Kenyan athletes have dominated international distance running in recent years. Explanations for their success include favourable physiological characteristics, which could include favourable genetic endowment, and advantageous environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners with those of the general Kenyan population. Questionnaires, administered to 404 elite Kenyan runners specializing in distances ranging from the 800 m to the marathon and 87 Kenyan controls, obtained information on place of birth, language, and distance and method of travel to school. Athletes were separated into two groups according to athletic success: those who competed in international competition and those who competed in national competition. The athletes differed from controls in regional distribution, language, and distance and method of travel to school; athletes also differed from each other with the exception of method of travel to school. Most national and international athletes came from the Rift Valley province (controls 20%, national athletes 65%, international athletes 81%), belonged to the Kalenjin ethnic group (controls 8%, national athletes 49%, international athletes 76%) and Nandi sub-tribe (controls 5%, national athletes 25%, international athletes 44%), and spoke languages of Nilotic origin (controls 21%, national athletes 60%, international athletes 79%). A higher proportion of all athletes ran to school each day (controls 22%, national athletes 73%, international athletes 81%) and covered greater distances. In conclusion, Kenyan runners are from a distinctive environmental background in terms of geographical distribution, ethnicity and travelled further to school, mostly by running. These findings highlight the importance of environmental and social factors in the success of Kenyan runners.
Determinants of Book Piracy in Nairobi County
(AJPO, 2016) Igesha, Peter M.; Muia, Daniel; Maina, Lucy W.
Purpose: This study aimed to find the determinants of book piracy in Nairobi County. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. This study was conducted in Nairobi County. The target population of the study consisted of local book publishing companies, book law enforcing agencies/book trade organizations and book users. The research consisted of twelve publishing companies, fourteen law enforcing organizations in which Senior Investigating Officers, Investigating Officers and Prosecutors were involved in the research, and one hundred and twenty four text book users as sets of units in my data analysis. A simple random sampling approach was used in the study to come up with the sample. This is because the researcher wanted to get information from large groups of people. The study used primary data which was collected using structured and unstructured questionnaires from the field. The questionnaires were administered through drop and pick method. The questionnaires format were standardized with a balanced mixture of both open ended and close ended questions and were guided where necessary. Results: The research findings showed that demand side, supply side and legal/legislation side have positive and significant effects on book piracy in Nairobi County. The study concluded that parental purchase books and course books are in large demand in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions of education but their high prices make them unaffordable for poor students. This situation provides room for book piracy. Book pirates are free to fulfill market needs. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that the law enforcement authorities like police needs to be imparted with proper training in copyright fields and copyright industry associations/copyright societies should launch an extensive campaign through print and electronic media highlighting the adversities associated with the piracy.
Determinants of Men’s Level of Participation in Family Planning in Bomet County, Kenya
(IJASS, 2023-11) Bii,Jackline C.; Okemwa,Pacificah F.; Samita,Zacharia W.
The Government of Kenya (GoK) has adopted strategic interventions to reduce fertility and address unmet Family Planning (FP) needs. This study sought to examine determinants of men’s level of participation in FP inBomet County, Kenya. The study was informed by the Social Dominance Theory (Sidanius&Pratto 1999). This research adopted descriptive survey research design. Multi-stage cluster sampling was utilized to sample 394 participants from the households. Further, twelve key informants who included: seven health practitioners, three religious leaders and two community elders were selected purposively to participate in the study. Data collection were questionnaires, Key informants interview (KIIs) and focus group discussion (FGD) guides. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse quantitative data. Thematic grouping was used to analyse qualitative data. The findings revealed that there was low level of men’s participation in FP in Bomet County. Men did not engage in FP issues since they were regarded as women’s roles. The research further established that men did not attend FP seminars since they were regarded as women’s meetings
Determinants Of Screening Patterns For Invasive Cervical Cancer Among Patients Attending Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
(Researchjournali, 2016) Maina, Lucy; Kigaru, Dorcus Mbithe D.; Korir-Rugutt, Anne; Agina, Okello
Background: Early diagnosis and improved therapeutic interventions are the two-fold most acclaimed management options for cervical cancer. Screening patterns are different from developing countries, Kenya included where limited access to oncology screening facilities and stigma associated with cancer influence disease reporting and management. Objective: To examine the determinants of screening and diagnosis among cervical cancer patients attending Kenyatta National Hospital, the largest referral health facility in Kenya with radiotherapy treatment clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional study design among 320 patients randomly selected from Cancer Registry records and purposively selected hospital staff. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Secondary data was sourced from medical records. Chi-square tests were used for significance at P<0.05. Results: Lack of knowledge on cervical cancer (75.3%) was significantly associated with late diagnosis (P=0.0023). Preponderance (83.1%) had no knowledge on screening tests prior to diagnosis while only 16.9% were aware of Pap smear test. Education level was significantly associated with late diagnosis (P<0.0001). Health system factors; delayed referral by local health facilities, delayed diagnosis at KNH, long waiting patient list and conditions for accessing treatment compounded the problem. Conclusion: Routinely coordinated mechanism for delivering cervical cancer information should be infused into screening and reproductive health programmes

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