Counter Measures Used By Pastoralist in Arid Areas on Environmental Hazards. A Critical Literature Review
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Date
2022
Authors
Kariuki, Robert
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Cari Journals
Abstract
Purpose: Climate variability, population explosion, and poverty have lowered the adaptive
capacity to climate variability of pastoralists in arid and semi-arid areas. The overall objective of
this study was to examine counter measures used by pastoralist in arid areas on environmental
hazards. A critical literature review
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical
literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concluded that about 14.8% of the residents in arid and semi-arid areas
depend on relatives for economic support, while 3.3% depend on friends, 0.7% on loans for women
groups, and 1.3% on government projects for support. About 73.0% do not have other sources of
livelihood. Dependence on relatives and friends for economic support increases vulnerability to
climate variability because it does not provide a consistent income source. Moreover, a lack of
livelihood diversification increases vulnerability to climate variability. About 94.70% of the
residents do not benefit from cash transfer programs. The 5.30% who receive cash transfers receive
it from the government and NGOs. However, most residents do not benefit from cash transfers,
which is a sign of poor coordination between the government and NGOs.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the relevant
governments in arid and semi-arid areas should formulate and implement appropriate policies and
strategies to improve adaptive capacity of women to climate variability in arid and semi-arid areas
because most of the taboos in arid and semi-arid target women and reduce their ability to cope
with climate variability. Programs to strengthen their adaptation strategies should also be
introduced because most of their livelihood diversification methods such as charcoal burning
contribute to environmental degradation and consequently to global warming.
Description
Article
Keywords
Counter Measures, Pastoralist, Arid Areas, Environmental, Hazards
Citation
Kariuki, R. K. (2022). Counter Measures Used by Pastoralist in Arid Areas on Environmental Hazards. A Critical Literature Review. International Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development, 2(2), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijpid.1138