PT-School of Humanities and Social Sciences.

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A Sociolinguistic Study of the Structure and Use of an Emerging Sheng among Matatu Crew in Nakuru Town, Kenya
(2013-12-16) Nyong' a, C. A.; Kebaya, C.
This study looks at the morphological restructuring of Swahili words to a new emerging Sheng in Nakuru Town. The study looks at the speech repertoire of matatu crew and their interlocutors and analyzes how in-group and out-group correlate with the new emerging Sheng. It is difficult to follow a conversation in the emerging Sheng and thus it is against this background that an attempt will be made to unravel the new formations in the emerging Sheng and the changes they undertake morphologically. The study will thus look at the processes involved in changing the words from Swahili to the emerging Sheng The theoretical framework for this study will consist of Speech Accommodation Theory as explained by Coupland and Giles (1991) and The Lexical and Word Based Morphological Theories as propounded by Bauer (1983). Research instruments used for data collection include unstructured interviews, tape recording and observation notes.The data will be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Phonological Nativisation of Kipsigis Loanwords
(2013-12-16) Tanui, F. K. T.; Mwangi, P.; Njoroge, Martin C.
Nativization is the linguistic readjustment that a language experiences at the phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical levels due to the influence of local languages and various Socio-cultural factors. This study is on the nativization of loanwords in Kipsigis and the main objectives are to i) identify and categorise the loan words in Kipsigis language ii) describe the phonological processes involved in their nativization and iii) account for these changes using Distinctive Feature Theory and CV -Phonology theories. The Distinctive Feature Theory and CVPhonology Theory will guide the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. The methodology will involve a generation of Corpus of words (nouns) from respondents in a semistructured interview, but tape recording will also be used to back up the data. Data collection will be done in two villages in Bomet County namely; Chebirbelek village (an urban area) and Chesoton village (a rural setting). The number of respondents targeted will be forty half from Chesoton and half from Chebirbelek from the 20 in each village 10 will be men ant the other 10 will be women from the lOin each gender 5 will have at least a KCPE certificate and above while the other 5 will be those who have not stepped into the formal system of education or do not possess a KCPE cerficate. Whi Ie tenets of CV -Phonology notations wi II be used to analyse the resyllabification strategies, Distinctive Feature theory will be used in differentiating phonemes. The results of the research will hopefully assist in understanding the process of language transfer and also in identifying possible errors / substitutions that students make in learning a new language. Lastly, it is hoped that this study will stimulate further research in the areas of Kipsigis phonology and nativisation.
Sustainability of Women's Development Projects Funded by NGOS in Kisumu Central Constituency - Kisumu County, Kenya
(2013-12-16) Adhola, G. A.
The NGOs and other donor agencies playa crucial role in the development of a nation especially in the developing countries like Kenya. The women development projects contribute significantly to uplifting the standard of living of the projects' beneficiaries. However, some development projects are not sustained and mostly collapse shortly after the termination or withdrawal of donor support. Out of this concern, the proposed study will establish the determinants of sustainability of women development projects funded by NGOs in Kisumu Central Constituency, Kisumu County. Specific objectives will be to: investigate the nature ofwomen's development projects funded by NGOs in Kisumu Central Constituency, establish mechanisms for sustainability in women's development projects funded by NGOs in Kisumu Central Constituency; identify challenges faced by women development projects funded by NGOs in Kisumu Central Constituency, Kisumu County, identify strategies to ensure sustainability in women's development projects funded by NGOs in Kisumu Central Constituency, Kisumu County. The study will use the descriptive survey design approach. The target population of the study will be 13 financial managers, 23 project coordinators and 13 project managers from 13 NGO funded women's development projects in Kisumu Central Constituency. Research instruments for data collection will include questionnaires for project coordinators and financial managers from the NGOs, focus group discussion for the women beneficiaries from the projects and observational schedule. Quantitative data analysis will be performed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) whereby descriptive statistics such as frequency, means, standard deviation and percentages will be computed. Data will be presented using tables, bar graphs and pie charts. The study will be useful to women development projects as a source of knowledge for sustainable development; it may assist NGOs funding women projects to work on policy to ensure sustainability of projects.
Determinants of Employee Morale and Satisfaction among PUBLIC Servants in Kenya: The Case of Study of the Public Service Commission (PSC)
(2013-12-16) Ohando, E. O.; Minja, D.
The study is intended to investigate the determinant of staff morale and satisfaction among public servants in Kenya focusing case of study of the public service commission. The study will be based on samples that are representative of the population representing staff at PSC using descriptive and inferential statistics to provide information on estimations, association description, relationship' of data and prediction among others. The source of information shall be primary from the respondents and secondary data as explained from literature reviews and case studies by other researchers. The researcher will adopt the descriptive survey method with a target population of 209 respondents. The target population will be stratified into six departments existing at the PSC. The research adopted in this study will be descriptive survey aimed at collecting information from the respondents on nature of work, perception, work conditions, management style, policy, and attitude and seeks to describe and analyze the behavior of staff and their groups from the perspective of the study. The researcher shall examine what will have been collected in a survey classify, analyse compare data and interpret results of data collected. The data will then be coded to enable the responses to be grouped into categorical variables for analysis purposes using descriptive and inferential statistics to enable researcher draw reasonable conclusions or inferences about characteristics of populations based on sampled data. The analysis of collected and coded questionnaires will be done by using SPSS version 20.The result of data analysis will be presented in form of tables, charts and graphs as appropriate for clarity, ease of understanding and draw conclusions.
Status of Men and Women Saving in the Informal Finance Groups in Gachagi Informal Settlement Area - Thika Town Constituency, Kiambu County, Kenya.
(2013-12-17) Mwangi, J. W.
This study aims at establishing the status of men and women savings in the informal finance groups in Gachagi informal settlement in Thika town Constituency of Kiambu County. This study focuses on the informal finance groups that exist in the informal settlement. The study will seek to fulfill five objectives: to establish the types of informal finance groups that exist in the study area; to identify the factors for the preferred informal finance groups by men and women; to analyze the challenges facing slum men and women in the informal finance groups; and to identify the strategies to scale up saving for the slum men and women in the informal finance groups. The research will be based on Descriptive survey design. This design was purposively selected because it describes the situation the way it is. The site of the study is Gachagi slum in Thika Town Constituency, Kiambu County. This locale was chosen because there are different types of informal finance groups in which both men and women use to accumulate and manage their savings. The target population of this study will be 20 informal finance groups, the DSSO, the Chief and slum elders found in Gachagi slum. Out of the 20 informal finance groups, 10 are ROSCAs, 5 are Welfare/clan groups, 3 AS CAs and 2 investment groups. Out of the 20 informal finance groups 35% will be randomly sampled to get a sample size of 7 informal finance groups. Cluster random sampling will be used to select 3 ROSCAS, 2 welfare/clan groups, 1 AS CAs and 1 investment group. In addition, the DSSO, the Chief and two slum elders will also be included in the sample. Data collection methods will be interviews, observation and focus group discussions. The literature review has been done to establish what has been documented with respect to the status of men and women savings in informal finance groups and in particular the informal settlement dwellers. This study will be based on Behavioral Life Cycle Hypothesis. The data collected will be arranged according to the emerging themes that will be identified based on the research objectives of the study. Descriptions will be organized and complemented with tables and graphs. Verbatim information will be quoted and discussed using narratives.
Symbolism in David Mulwa's Drama: A Study of Glass Houses, Clean Hands and Inheritance
(2013-12-17) Ananda, H.; Mugubi, J.; Mutahi, J.
This study will focus on the symbolism in three plays by David Mulwa, critically analyzing and discussing them as dramatic texts. These plays, written and published in English are Clean Hands (2000),Glass Houses (2000) and Inheritance (2004). The symbolic approach will be used to evaluate sign systems and how they relate to the writer's societal perception of the world. The stylistics approach will help analyze and evaluate the plays against a background of form and content. This will help us to understand how symbolism as a technique applied by the playwright, conveys the content of the selected texts. The major task in the proposed study is to examine the vision of the playwright, as well as his technique of dramatic construction. Conducting this study is necessitated by the need to investigate and validate the assumption that Mulwa's drama uses symbolism to provide various dimensions of thought to expound on certain ideas and themes about his society. It is our key premise that social, historical and political realities in Africa and particularly East Africa form a creative reservoir for the playwright. The objectives of the study will be achieved through extensive library research, internet services and critical analyses of the plays. The data collected from all these sources will be synthesized for presentation as a project. The study is projected to reveal an understanding of symbolism in David Mulwa's drama and how it reflects the reality in the plays to the social-political and cultural context outside them.
Psychological Challenges and Coping Strategies of Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability in Selected Special Units in Embakasi Division of Nairobi County, Kenya.
(2013-12-17) Marigi, M. C.; Kathungu, B.; Kangethe, R .K. W.
The Kenya Society for Mentally Handicapped estimates that in Kenya 3.6 million people are living with intellectual disability. Intellectual disability is often a challenge to both the individual and the parents. In Kenya, the concern for persons with intellectual disability has increased since independence. Though much focus has been given to provision of servipes and education to children with intellectual disability, little has been invested in understanding the psychological well being of parents of children with intellectual disability in Kenya, and particularly identifying the psychological challenges they face and what can be done to reduce or mitigate their effect. This is despite the crucial role such parents can play in ensuring that children with intellectual disability are nurtured to fully actively and productively live in society. Therefore, the current study seeks to address this gap by investigating the psychological challenges and coping strategies of parents of children with intellectual disability in selected Special Units in Embakasi Division of Nairobi County, Kenya. The study will be guided by the theory of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Murry Parkes' theory of psychological Transitions. The study will use a descriptive survey design. The target population is parents of children with Intellectual disability in Embakasi Division of Nairobi county. Purposive sampling will be used to select two units, while stratified random sampling will be used to select respondents from the units. Data will be collected using questionnaires and structured interviews, and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative teclmiques. Data will be analyzed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using descriptive statistics such as means, frequencies, percentages, standard deviation and inferential statistics namely the chi-square. The study is expected to yield data on psychological challenges experienced by parents of children with intellectual disability and the coping strategies used by parents to deal with these challenges. The study findings will provide crucial information which could guide policy makers to include parents' needs in formulation and implementation of policies concerning children with intellectual disability.
Determinants of Negative Perceptions towards Narok County Council by the Resident Communities.
(2013-12-17) Lemita, L.; Kisombei, G.; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
The Narok County Council offers a range of services for the community living in its area of jurisdiction - Narok North and South Districts. Some of these services include provision of bursaries to students from poor families in both secondary and tertiary institutions. Through LATF, which is a fund from the central Government to all local authorities, the council sponsors capital projects like construction of schools, road repairs, sinking boreholes and dispensaries. The council is also responsible for Early Childhood Education by employing teachers in these centers. It also mobilizes the community for disease awareness, like HIV/AIDS, markets cleaning and funding the disabled and other less fortunate members of society. Other services provided by the council include defraying medical bills, managing cattle dips and market planning. With this important role in the provision of services, the council still faces a big image problem. In the recent past the council experienced massive public demonstration against it, culminating in the destruction of council property. It's against this background that this study seeks to identify factors responsible for this negative perception towards the council by the public with a view to come up with suggestions or recommendations to boost the council's image/reputation. The location of this study is the County Council ofNarok area of jurisdiction - Narok North and South districts. The target population will include a sample of the people living in both Narok North and South districts, the council's senior, middle level and junior officers. Others include councilors, area members of parliament and key informants. Descriptive survey design will be used in the study. Both random and non-random sampling techniques will be employed in the study to select samples to be studied. The researcher will use questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and observations to conduct the study. The data will be collected by following systematic procedures. The data will be analyzed using statistical and graphical techniques which include measures of central tendency (the mean, median, and mode) and measures of dispersion (the variance, range). Graphical presentations will include histograms, bar-graphs, cumulative frequency curves and pie-charts. The literature reviewed covered countries in Europe, the Americas, Africa and the Middle East. The literature included books, journals, Academic papers, newspapers, official council and ministry records.
Lexical Variation and Change in Kiimenti Nouns as Spoken in Meru County, Kenya.
(2013-12-23) Gitonga, P. M.; Njoroge, Martin C.; kebeya, H.
The proposed study will seek to investigate lexical variation and change in Kimeru language. In particular, it will focus on lexical variation and change in the Imenti dialect of the Kimeru language. It will seek to establish the nature of lexical variation and change both regionally and in correlation with the social aspects of age, gender and rural-urban-dichotomy. It is the assumption of many a sociolinguist, that lexical variation is significant in marking regional but not social differences. Due to this, most social variation studies have ignored the lexical aspect and this study seeks to fill this gap. A sample of 48 informants will be selected from the study area which comprises of Imenti North, Imenti South, Meru Central and Buuri Districts in Meru County, Eastern Kenya. The informants will be tape-recorded as they respond to interview questions and name some given pictures. The data collected will be correlated with the social variables of age, gender and education, and the observations used to explain lexical variation and change. The study will adopt a descriptive research design. Selection of respondents will be done through the social network approach. The study will be guided by The Variation Theory which will be used to explain, the analysis of the study. Data will be analysed quantitatively using ANOV A and the findings presented in tables. Conclusions will be drawn and necessary recommendations made based on the findings, The information gathered will be helpful to those studying language variation especially in Kenyan languages. Lexicographers will also benefit from the study in future publications
Status of Men and Women Saving in the Informal Finance Groups in Gachagi Informal Settlement area - Thika Town Constituency, Kiambu County, Kenya
(2013-12-28) Mwangi, J. W.
This study aims at establishing the status of men and women savings in the informal finance groups in Gachagi informal settlement in Thika town Constituency of Kiambu County. This study focuses on the informal finance groups that exist in the informal settlement. The study will seek to fulfill five objectives: to establish the types of informal finance groups that exist in the study area; to identify the factors for the preferred informal finance groups by men and women; to analyze the challenges facing slum men and women in the informal finance groups; and to identify the strategies to scale up saving for the slum men and women in the informal finance groups. The research will be based on Descriptive survey design. This design was purposively selected because it describes the situation the way it is. The site of the study is Gachagi slum in Thika Town Constituency, Kiambu County. This locale was chosen because there are different types of informal finance groups in which both men and women use to accumulate and manage their savings. The target population of this study will be 20 informal finance groups, the DSSO, the Chief and slum elders found in Gachagi slum. Out of the 20 informal finance groups, 10 are ROSCAs, 5 are Welfare/clan groups, 3 AS CAs and 2 investment groups. Out of the 20 informal finance groups 35% will be randomly sampled to get a sample size of 7 informal finance groups. Cluster random sampling will be used to select 3 ROSCAS, 2 welfare/clan groups, 1 AS CAs and 1 investment group. In addition, the DSSO, the Chief and two slum elders will also be included in the sample. Data collection methods will be interviews, observation and focus group discussions. The literature review has been done to establish what has been documented with respect to the status of men and women savings in informal finance groups and in particular the informal settlement dwellers. This study will be based on Behavioral Life Cycle Hypothesis. The data collected will be arranged according to the emerging themes that will be identified based on the research objectives of the study. Descriptions will be organized and complemented with tables and graphs. Verbatim information will be quoted and discussed using narratives.
Analyse semio-linguistique des Emballages et Etiquettes de Medicaments en Vente Llbre Vendus a Nairobi
(2013-12-28) Abong'o, D. C.; Nzunga, P. K.
Over the counter drugs have become part and parcel of urban lifestyle. They are easily available and affordable. The internet has made it possible to access information on health issues. This has resulted into more and more people turning to self medication as a form of treatment of common ailments. Because of the ready market for over the counter drugs, more pharmaceutical companies have come up to get a share of the lucrative trade. This has led to competition. Marketing plays a big 'role in the competition for the market. We would like to study the advertising structures put in play by the pharmaceutical companies at the packaging level to commercialize their products. We are interested in the semio-linguistic analysis of packaging of painkillers and cough and cold medicines manufactured and sold in Nairobi.
Mwingilio wa kileksia wa kikuyu katika uandishi wa insha za Kiswahili katika shule za msingi.
(Kenyatta University, 2014) Mwangi, Lazarus Gathuma
This research intends; to..' analyze the nature of lexical interference of Kikuyu language on the written -" Kiswahili composition by Kikuyu learners of Kiswahili as a second language. The goal of the research is to analyze and examine how and to what extent the phenomenon of Kikuyu lexical interference is manifested in the written production of Kiswahili learners. In this research we shall consider lexical interference and specifically dwell on lexical transfer by looking at; transfer of meaning as is manifested through: loan translation and semantic extension and transfer of form as manifested through: calques, lexical borrowing, coinages, cognates, avoidance and overextension of analogies. The research will use the tenets of the cognitive theory which regards language learning as the gradual automatization of skills through stages of reconstructing and linking new information to the old. The study focuses on primary school pupils from Mukurwe ini Sub-County in Nyeri County Kenya. The study will involve the use of composition writing. We shall apply qualitative analysis method to analyze the lexical interferences in pupils' composition and quantitative method to account for the number of interferences. The study will consist of five chapters: Chapter one focuses on the introductory elements of the study which include the background, statement of the problem, research questions among others. Chapter two will focus on the analysis of the lexical interferences in pupils' writings. Chapter three will deal with the factors that are responsible for this phenomenon. Chapter four looks into the effects that the interferences analyzed have on the message intended. Chapter five will conclude the study and give recommendation for further research. It is expected that the findings of this research will be of much help to students, teachers, researchers and syllabus developers.
An investigation into women participation in elective politics among the Meru- a case of Nkuene division. (1963- 2010)
(Kenyatta University, 2014) Mworia, Stella Kananu
Women in Kenya constitute more than half of the population having a better voter turn-out compared to that of men. Women in Kenya have also been recognized for their key contribution in both the economic and social sectors. However despite their great contribution in the development of this country, they have been kept marginalized in the political realm. The representation of women particularly in elective politics can ensure their contribution to and participation in directing the political process and shaping policy, to address and protect women's interests in the society. Even after the new constitution was introduced, which helped in creating more elective seats at various levels women in Kenya and more specifically in Nkuene Division continues to shy off from competing for elective seats with their male counterparts. This study therefore will seek to investigate the place of women in Kenya's politics generally and more specifically in Nkuene Division. The study will also attempt analyze the trends and trajectories of women involvement in legislative politics from 1963-2010. This will also include establishing factors that have continued to hinder women in this Division from taking active part in competing for elective seats. The sociological patriarchal ideology and gender ideology will be used in trying to establish why women in Nkuene Division may not have been able to compete equally with men for elective seats. The target population for the study will be both men and women of 18 and above who will be obtained through purposive sampling procedures. For data collection both primary and secondary sources will be used. Qualitative technique shall be used for data analysis.
Socio-economic effects of 2007-2008 post-electionviolence on migrant women labourers in Naivasha Subcounty, Nakuru County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2014) Kinuthia, Rose
Post election violence was experienced in Kenya after 2007 general elections. This resulted in myriad and endless social and economic effects on individuals and the society. Most affected persons are the minority migrant groups of the warring communities. Their defenselessness is attributed to attitudes, socialization and animosity that characterize the poll outcome. During times of conflict, social and economic consequences are the most severe with long term devastating effects. However, unlike the physical and psychological vulnerability, socioeconomic effects are more often than not given little thought and even ignored by those concerned. This study seeks to evaluate the socio-economic effects of post election violence on migrant women laborers in conflict prone areas in Kenya using a case study of Naivasha subcounty. The study will use the survey research design and hinged on Antonio Gramsci's subalternity feminism theoretical concept. The concept of subalternity applies to those groups in society who are lacking autonomous political power. The target population will be all the nonkikuyu members of the society in Naivasha Sub-County. According to the 2009 Population and Housing Census, the District had a total population of 400,000 persons which includes 60,000 flower farms workers. Purposive sampling will be used and 103 women will be selected purposefully as the sample from four most lucrative flower farms in the environs of Naivasha town. The sample will also include 1 government officer and 1 Red Cross officer totaling to 105 respondents. Data will be collected through administration of sets of questionnaires and interviews targeting female workers of those flower farms. Piloting of the research instruments will be undertaken first to establish the validity of the instruments. The split-half method will be used to test the reliability of the research instruments. The researcher will obtain an introductory letter from Kenyatta University, and then obtain a permit from the National Council for Science and Technology in order to be able to collect data. The collected data will be analyzed qualitatively and presented in form of pie charts, graphs and tables in order to evaluate the socioeconomic effects of post election violence on migrant women laborers in conflict prone areas specifically in Naivasha Sub-County. The results of the study are hoped to be of use to the government, policy makers, victims of conflicts and their families, civil society organizations and the entire society in understanding the social and economic effects of conflicts and how to address them.
The impacts of participatory budgeting process on resource allocation: the case of Kiambu County Government, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2014) Njeri, Naomi Wanjiru
The Local Authority Service Delivery Action Plan (LASDAP) and Constituencies Development Fund (CDF) have been the main vehicles of community participation at the local level. A major weakness in the CDF Act has been the lack of clear mechanisms for the community to participate in decision making. Whereas these mechanisms exist under the very elaborate LASDAP framework revised in 2009, empirical studies have established that there exists a gap between policy and practice. With the adoption of Kenya Constitution (2010) local authorities have been replaced by Counties and the Constitution further establishes concept of public participation in the County budget process. This requirement is further reinforced by the Public Financial management Act, 2012. Together, the two documents provide for civic participation in public financial affairs, however both documents are rather vague on the process of public participation thus entrusting counties to institutionalize process of public participation in the budget process. Given the previous failures of CDF and LASDAP to inform public participation at local level, this study therefore aims at assessing; the environmental design features, processes and mechanisms of participatory budgeting process in Kiambu County. The environmental design features considered in this study will include structure and form of government and population heterogeneity. Process features will entail timing of participation, type of budget allocation and gathering of input from citizen. In addition assessment of mechanisms will entail assessing various methodology of participation including voting and consensus building. The study further aims at developing predictive model of PB. The study will adopt a case study design and incorporate method of expert evaluation to assess the impacts of participatory budgeting on resource allocation. Data will be collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews and will be analyzed through use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Finally the study will estimate a logistic regression model to predict presence ofPB.
Youth peace building initiatives in Kamukunji constituency, Nairobi county: 2008-2013
(Kenyatta University, 2014) Kyany'a, Bernadette.
Youths the world over, are a big force to reckon with due to their sheer numbers. They have been known to bring change through peaceful organised groups like the YMCA as well through war and involvement in violence by organising themselves into political movements like the young Turks in Turkey. Of recent times, youths participation has become a fad and many organisations, government and donors want to see the youths involved in project and programmes as well as in governance. A call by the UN to involve the youths as a human right in 1989 is the impetus behind the clamour for youth participation. However, youths have been participating in peace building initiatives at a peripheral level and their efforts have not been documented and where they have, they show that the participation is not authentic but prescriptive, making it have no impact and bring change as intended. There are gaps showing how youth have been understudied as well as lack of clarity on their role in peace building. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of the youth in peace building from 2008 to 2013 in Kamukunji, Kenya. The study will be guided by four objectives, namely: to identify peace building initiatives targeting the youth in Kamukunji, establish the levels of participation of the youth in these initiatives, determine the challenges that hinder the full participation of the youth and lastly, establish the options that can be used to involve them fully. The study assumes that there are peace building initiatives targeting the youth in Kamukunji and that youth are seen as valuable participants in these initiatives. The study also assumes that youth involvement is inadequate at all the necessary levels and that youth experience block to participate in peace building initiatives. The research is guided by four questions specifically: What peace building initiatives are targeting the youth in Kamukunji? How are the youth involved in peace building since 2008? and What challenges do they experience while participating in peace building? The research design is descriptive survey. The study sample comprises of youths aged 15-24years. Data will be collected using structured and semi structured questionnaires while secondary data will be collected from existing literature .The study will use qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques to collect and present results. Ethical considerations will be held to protect respondents as relevant permission is sought from the concerned bodies.
Community mental health service provision among discharged mental patients in selected informal settlements, Nairobi county, Kenya
(2014-07-23) Chembeni, James Wabwile; Wasanga, C.M.; Ongecha-Owuor, F. A.
Integrating mental health into primary health care (PHC), a recommendation of the World Health Organization, involves diagnosis and treatment of people with mental illness alongside general health problems and provide comprehensive care to people with mental illness in the community. However, community mental health service provision in Kenya is largely still inadequate as most mental health care remain to be centrally located in mental hospitals among them national referral and County hospitals. The main objective of the study is to determine factors affecting community mental health service provision among discharged mental patients in selected informal settlements of Mathari and Kariobangi in Nairobi County, family and community participation in the promotion of mental health services. The study is a cross sectional descriptive study that will involve non-manipulation of variables in a natural setting and will involve questionnaires, Focus group discussions (FGP). In the study samples are sampled from the health workers i.e. about 20 mentalhealth workers, and patients attending outpatient clinic at Mathari and Kariobangi health centres of which 10% will be sampled, and the community leaders from informal settlements of Mathari Kariobangi. Data will be analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), Kruskal Wallis statistical tests of significance will be used to test significance between the variables.
Parental influence on cigarette smoking among secondary school students in Kilungu district, Makueni county Kenya
(2014-07-24) Muswii, Zipporah; Oteyo, John Samson
Despite government's effort to control drug abuse in Kenya cigarettes smoking remains the second abused drug in secondary schools. Cigarette smoking among adolescents is caused by several factors among them parental influence. This study seeks to provide information on parent's behaviour, attitude and practices in relation to cigarette smoking among their children in secondary schools in Kilungu district, Makueni County, Kenya. Parental influence will be measured by examining parental behavior, attitude and parental monitoring among other parental attributes. The study will be guided by social learning theory and reality therapy. The study will use ex post facto survey design and the participants will be secondary school male students selected from form one to form four. The study will concentrate on male students because they have reported higher use of cigarettes than girls in most past studies. Simple random sampling technique will be used to select a total of 284 respondents and data will be collected by use of closed ended and open ended questions. The data will be analyzed by use of descriptive statistics which will include frequency distribution tables, measures of central tendency and chi-square among others. The expected findings are that parental influence examined from various dimensions will yield different results than when it is viewed from parental behavior only. The study will help policy makers to formulate intervention measures aimed at creating awareness to parents on dangers of cigarette smoking and deviate from mainly blaming friends and peers among other factors. The study will create knowledge on status of cigarette smoking in secondary schools in Kilungu District as well as create knowledge which can be compared with studies done elsewhere.
Knowledge and practice of 'ABC' strategy of HIV prevention among Christians in the catholic and African inland churches in Thika east district, Kiambu county - Kenya
(2014-07-24) Musili, Telesia Kathini; Gecaga, C.M.; Gitome, J.W.
Despite the global decline in HIV prevalence, new HIV infections are on the rise. These new HIV infections are occurring largely in stable or long-term relationships, including marriage. This is because of heterosexual relations that defy the strict Christian teaching on sexuality, which prohibits premarital sex among the unmarried and extra marital sex among the married. The question therefore arises on the gap between what is prescribed and what is practiced especially among Christians. This study will examine the knowledge and practice of the ABC strategy of HIV prevention as informed by the Catholic and African Inland Church teachings on sexual morality, among Christians aged 15 - 49 years in Thika East District (TED). The study will employ social identity theory, Kohlberg's theory of moral development, social interactionist theory and Smith's theory of religion to understand the influence of institutional norms of sexuality on the Christians' sexual behavior. The study will comprise of at least 404 participants who will be randomly sampled from a population of 1276 church members from six purposely-selected Churches that is, three Catholic Churches and three Africa Inland Churches. Qualitative and quantitative data will be collected using descriptive design where structured questionnaires will be administered to all the sampled respondents; in-depth interview schedule will be conducted amongst priest and pastors while the young people will hold Focus Group Discussions. The findings of the study will illuminate how institutional norms influence the social identities of the self as well as his/her moral decision making regarding sexual behavior. An exploration of the contexts will reveal a major disconnect between the Christians'/institution's ideal norm; no premarital and extra marital sex and the modeled norm; where the Christians make a 'moral' choice to engage in unsafe sex. Results from the pilot study showed that the knowledge and practice of ABC strategy is inadequate and that about 30 per cent of unmarried youth are sexually active. This study will provide a new model, which will help in the internalization of the institutional norms by the Christians to enhance commendable practice of ABC strategy of HIV prevention in combination with other HIV interventions.
Trends in women's alcohol consumption and its effects on the family in Kirinyaga West constituency, Kirinyaga county in Kenya
(2014-07-25) Mathenge, Teresia Wangeci; Okemwa, Pacificah Florence
The increase in alcohol use in Central Province has raised the concern of both the public and Government and has been identified as an acute problem. However, its increased use by women is of greater concern since they perform very central roles in the family. This study therefore seeks to examine whether excessive alcohol consumption by women affect families in Kirinyaga West and seek causes of the practice. The theory adopted for the study is the systems theory of the family advanced by Murry Bowen (1966) which explains that families are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals who cannot be isolated from the system, with each member having a role to play for the wellbeing of others and rules to respect for its smooth running, failure to which it suffers dysfunction. The descriptive survey research design will be used whereby, centres of high alcohol preparation and consumption will be purposively selected and the non probability method used to select 60 households and 6 sub chiefs. Interview schedules and focus group discussions will be used to collect data on women patterns of alcohol consumption, reasons for increased alcohol use and effects this has on the family. Data will be presented by use of frequencies, pie charts and themes. The study is hoped to contribute to the ongoing NACADA researches on alcohol abuse and add to academic literature how alcohol consumption by women affect families especially in regard to the key roles that they perform. It may also lead to the inclusion and consideration of women's alcohol consumption while making policies such as those related to health and alcohol nationally hence useful in prioritizing targets for prevention and intervention.

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