Books, Book Reviews and Book Chapters (BC)

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Short Essays on Education in Kenya
(Kenya Literature Bureau, 1980) Sifuna, D.N.
The essays deal with a wide range of subjects and discuss a number of problems in Kenyan education in depth. Subjects include: problems of policy in African education in the colonial days, highlighting the Christian Missionary views; government policy on African education; the nature of the teaching profession in Kenya, the revival of some aspects of African culture in schools, a focus on the problems of school leaver unemployment, non-formal education, education and development, some critical issues in primary and secondary education, and innovation in primary education: The New Approach.
Basic principles in Home science
(Kenya Literature Bureau, 1988) Mugenda, Olive M.; Marangu, Leah T.; Ethangatta, Linda K.
Tryptophan Metabolism in Mice Infected with Schistosoma Mansoni
(Springer New York, 1991) Njagi, E.N.M.; Bender, D. A.
Biharzia due to infection with Schistosoma mansoni is a major and increasing problem in tropical countries, associated especially with irrigation schemes, which provide a habitat for the water snail which is the alternate host of the parasite. Infection results from bathing or other contact with water containing infected snails, which release large numbers of cer-cariae, the infectious form which penetrates human skin.
The Orma Boran—ten years of field observations
(Towards Increased Use of Trypanotolerance: Current Research and Future Directions, 1994) Munga, Leonard
In 1913 Balfour reported Bos indicus cattle in the Koalib area of Sudan which he claimed were immune to trypanosomiasis (Balfour, 1913). Since that date trypanotolerance has been reported in other Bos indicus breeds in Sudan, Zaire, Uganda and Kenya (see Dolan, 1987 for references). Yet, despite these reports in the literature, little effort has been made to investigate the nature or extent of differential susceptibility to trypanosomiasis amongst
Using patterns of distribution and diversity of Kenyan birds to select and prioritize areas for conservation.
(Springer, 1996-01-14) Muriuki, J. N.; De Klerk, Helen. M.; Williams, P. H.; Bennun, L. A.; Crowe, T. M.; Berge, E. V.
Patterns and environmental correlates of species distributions and richness are identi®ed for Kenyan birds at a quarter degree-square scale. This information is used together with iterative complementarity analyses, which employ species richness, taxonomic dispersion and range-restrictedness, to identify priority areas for possible conservation attention. Bird species apparently not conserved by existing protected areas in Kenya are identited. Six avifaunal zones (and one transitional zone) are distinguished based on distributions of suites of bird species. Variation in biotope diversity (the number of forest and aquatic systems) accounts for 79% of the observed variation in Kenyan bird species richness. Although both rainfall and altitudinal range are signi®cantly correlated with species richness, they only explain an additional 3% of the observed variation. The priority areas identi®ed are situated mainly within highlands and coastal lowlands. Although few priority areas are identi®ed in northern Kenya, this region also constitutes a priority, as it contains a suite of xeric species with habitats that are not represented elsewhere in Kenya. The papyrus yellow warbler, Chloropeta gracilirostris, William's bush lark, Mirafra williamsi, white-winged dove, Streptopelia reichenowi, and Jubaland weaver, Ploceus dichrocephalus, are identited as endemics or near-endemics that are probably not adequately conserved in Kenya at present.
Language in Education in Kenyan Schools
(Springer Netherlands, 1997) Bunyi, G.
Lugha, Mwandishi na Kuvumiliana
(Writers’ Association of Kenya, 1997) Wafula, R. M.
A Manual for Writers & Designers of TEE Study Materials
(Uzima Press, 1997) Gatimu, Kiranga; Gachegoh, Juliet; Oyiengo, Karen; Kithome, Lucy; Suwa, Bernard
Management of sports in Kenyan public universities: a recreational perspective
(Kenya Association for Health, Physical Education, recreation, Sport and Dance, 1998) Akpata, D. O.
Recreational Sports in a university setting refer to intramural, extramural and sport club programmes. As oPl?osed to highly organised sports programmes like interscholastic and intercollegiate, recreational sports are for everyone in the university community. There is therefore likely to be a high correlation between a properly managed recreational sports programme and the development of university Sports as more people are involved. This paper discusses some policies that, if followed, will enable university sports administrators properly organise and manage recreational sports, thereby leading to the eventual development of sports at university level in Kenya.
Winds of change: going back to the basics
(Kenya Association for Health, Physical Education, recreation, Sport and Dance, 1998) Bukhala, P.W.
The recent formation of a committee to develop policies on Sports for All in Kenya indicate the new thinking in the area of sports. Our Universities' sports programmes for a long time have depended on voluntary participation of students in the various sports provided. Once finances have been allocated for sports and the sports tutors assigned responsibilities, it has been assumed that everything else will take its course. However, observation of sports programmes in both public and private universities has shown that only few students are involved. The rest of the students are relegated to passive participants or at best they never appear near sports grounds. In this article focus has been placed on early sports Training as a determinant of future participation. The article also provides case studies of how some countries have tried to enhance youth sports programmes. Lastly the article provides some examples on how sports can be organised in our Universities
The delegation of responsibility and empowerment of student sport leaders in kenyan universities the case of sport captains
(Kenya Association for Health, Physical Education, recreation, Sport and Dance, 1998) Mwisukha, Andanje; Kiganjo, George
Delegation of responsibility and power within the realm of sport management has long been recognised as one of the most effective ways of ensuring efficient delivery of sport services. Arising from colonial legacy, the use of students as sport captains has been a long established procedure within Kenyan universities. The present and future need of this sport delivery system will continue to increase given the prevailing small ratio of sport administrators against the huge population of students. This paper analyses the general role of student sport leaders at the universities, the system used in their appointment, orientation, inservicing and evaluation. Focus is also directed at delegation of responsibilities and empowerment of sport captains as depicted within democratic style of leadership. Given the arising shortcomings in the use of student sport leadership delivery system, the paper makes recommendations related to improving the appointment, inservicing and evaluation procedures of sport captains within Kenyan universities.
Recreation as the basis of competitive sports in Kenyan universities
(Kenya Association for Health, Physical Education, recreation, Sport and Dance, 1998) Kiganjo, G. M.; Wasonga, T. A.
This paper emphasizes the vital role played by recreation as a foundation of enhancing mass participation and competitive engagement in sports in Kenyan universities. The tendency of Kenyan universities has been to put more emphasis on competitive sports at the expense' of recreation. A related approach suggests a need for a change. Based on the spillover, and philosophical model of sporting programmes, the paper examines recreational sport as the basis of competitive sports. This is done against the existing background of various types of competitive and recreation sports in Kenyan public universities. Sport involvement requires an understanding of constraints related to provision and availability of facilities, equipment, funding, programmes, time, manpower, and sport policy. The paper outlines various suggestions to increasing levels of recreative participation by first emphasizing recreation followed by instructional physical education and competitive sports while diminishing constraints affecting sport involvement. Key
Financing sports in Kenya’s national universities an overview of practicable policy options
(1998) Shehu, J.
A consistent criticism of campus sports programmes in sub-Sahara Africa is that they tend to depend too much on university budget allocations, rather than put more emphasis on innovative fund raising and enterprising sports marketing activities. Recent events in Africa, however, in terms of structural adjustment programmes and market economy point to the need for African higher institutions and their sports departments to move away from the perspective of budget appropriation, to pay greater attention to the political economy of . sports growth, to consistently problematize the issue of fund raising and to critically articulate viable sports sponsorship strategies. This paper is aimed at addressing some workable policy options for fmancing sports in Kenya's National Universities.
Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
(African Centre for Technology Studies, 1999) Mugenda, Olive M.
Book Review: Joseph M. Nyasani "The African Psyche"
(Kenyatta University Faculty of Arts, 1999) Makokha, K.
Philosophy like any other discipline has its branches, each of which is the concern of specific philosophical problems. The main branches of Philosophy are: logic, which deals with correct reasoning; epistemology, which inquires into the nature and claims about knowledge; axiology, which deals with values in general, including ethical and aesthetic values and metaphysics which is the main focus of this essay. This is because The African Psyche is a treatise in this field. Etymologically, metaphysics is derived from two Greek words, meta and physika meaning that which comes after or beyond physics. Thus, metaphysics by applying the basic principles that underlie the workings of human mind such as the principle of contradiction, the principle of sufficient reason etc., endeavours to come to terms with questions of ultimate concern such as the beginning and destiny of the universe. Indeed, metaphysics, like philosophy in general, tries to account for the why of things.
Book Review: Sitwala Imenda "Unmarried Wife" East African Educational Publishers Ltd., 1996. pp.141
(Kenyatta University Faculty of Arts, 1999) Kabaji, E.
It is common to hear people talk ill of polygamy. Feminists talk of it as a demonstration of male greed and irresponsibility. Some perceive it as an outdated c-ustom that has no place in modem society. Inspiration writers look at it as a pre-occupation of those courting marital chaos. Either way, it has to be acknowledged that the destruction of African traditional structures has affected this aspect of the African family life. Our society is at crossroads. There seems to exist a desire in most African societies to adopt the christian philosophy of marriage but a close look at the actions of men reveal otherwise. It is, in a more immediate sense, a question of culture clash. The book under review attempts to explore the physiological, psychological and sociological factors that lead to infidelity or second marriages. This novel is set in South Africajust at the dawn of a new era as the country is shedding off apartheid policies and a wave of democratic changes set in.
Book Review: Wanjiku Mukabi-Kabira, Masheti Masinjila and Wanjiku Mbugua (eds.) "Delusions: Essays on Social Construction of Gender" Nairobi, Femnet, 1994
(Kenyatta University Faculty of Arts, 1999) Ochwada, H.
Gender relations constitute the social, political and economic interaction of both men and women. As a result, gender contract is interpreted as an unwritten and invisible social contract defining the actions of men and women in the belief that this is what society expects of them. Viewed within this framework, gender research is about relationships between men and women. But in single studies the focus can be on only women or men, given that their-situation is analyzed within a structural gender relationship. Where does the book under review fit within this framework? Thrust of Text The text's focus is on the relationship between men and women, but with a bias for women. Indeed, this isunderstandable, considering that the social construction of gender preponderantly invisibilizes and marginalizes women in the general social contract. This explains why in the historiography of gender relations worldwide, the emphasis is on women, making the subject of gender synonymous with women's studies. Consequently, women researchers tend to monopolize the production of knowledge on gender. In some instances, they jealously guard their small 'academic empires' acquired in the field. However, in this regard, the African Women's development and Communication (Fernnet) Organization transcends this parochialism by incorporating male researchers in its projects. Delusions: Essays on Social Construction of Gender is one such endeavour. It consists of seven chapters, all of them discussing the social construction of gender
Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope HIV-1 type 1 isolates among Kenyan cohort
(American Society for Microbiology, 1999-05) Nyamache, A. K.; Muigai, A.W.T.; Khamadi, Samoel A.
In sub-Saharan Africa, where the effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been most devastating, there are multiple subtypes of this virus. The distribution of different subtypes within African populations is generally not linked to particular risk behaviors. Thus, Africa is an ideal setting in which to examine the diversity and mixing of viruses from different subtypes on a population basis. In this setting, it is also possible to address whether infection with a particular subtype is associated with differences in disease stage. To address these questions, we analyzed the HIV-1 subtype, plasma viral loads, and CD4 lymphocyte levels in 320 women from Nairobi, Kenya. Subtype was determined by a combination of heteroduplex mobility assays and sequence analyses of envelope genes, using geographically diverse subtype reference sequences as well as envelope sequences of known subtype from Kenya. The distribution of subtypes in this population was as follows: subtype A, 225 (70.3%); subtype D, 65 (20.5%); subtype C, 22 (6.9%); and subtype G, 1 (0.3%). Intersubtype recombinant envelope genes were detected in 2.2% of the sequences analyzed. Given that the sequences analyzed represented only a small fraction of the proviral genome, this suggests that intersubtype recombinant viral genomes may be very common in Kenya and in other parts of Africa where there are multiple subtypes. The plasma viral RNA levels were highest in women infected with subtype C virus, and women infected with subtype C virus had significantly lower CD4 lymphocyte levels than women infected with the other subtypes. Together, these data suggest that women in Kenya who are infected with subtype C viruses are at more advanced stages of immunosuppression than women infected with subtype A or D. There are at least two models to explain the data from this cross-sectional study; one is that infection with subtype C is associated with a more rapid disease progression, and the second is that subtype C represents an older epidemic in Kenya. Discriminating between these possibilities in a longitudinal study will be important for increasing our understanding of the role of specific subtypes in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV-1.
Soil Fertility Improvement Strategies for Increased Food Production in the Central Highlands of Kenya
(Soil Science Society of East Africa, 2000-01) Otor, S.C.J.; Mucheru-Muna, M.
Continuous decline in soil productivity is a major constraint to the improvement of livelihoods of smallholder farmers of Kenya. In highlands, levels of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and sometimes potassium are low and the situation is worsened by the methods of cultivation that results in nutrient mining rather than nutrient build up. Low soil fertility contributes to one of the greatest challenges currently facing Kenya; inadequate food production for the rapidly growing population. There is a need to seek for environmentally friendly and economically viable technologies to assist in soil fertility improvement and hence high and sustainable crop yields. To this end, a multidisciplinary research team of scientist and farmers implemented a participatory trial in Meru South district, one of the main maize growing areas of central Kenya. The trial was farmer-researcher managed with a general objective of offering small scale resource poor farmers with feasible soil nutrient management techniques for combating soil nutrient depletion caused by continuous cropping without adequate additions of external soil fertility inputs. Preliminary results indicate that maize performance may be improved by combining fast decomposing plant biomass (e.g. Tithonia diversifolia) with half the recommended rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Maisha: Kitendawili na Johari” in Daisaku Ikeda and Africa
(Nairobi University Press,, 2001) Osore, Miriam; Ngugi, Pamela
This chapter examines Daisaku Ikeda's Maisha: Kitendawili na Johari translated into Kiswahili from Life: An Enigma, A Precious Jewel. It focuses on the contribution of the translated text on the subject of life and death. Our main objective is to highlight the.relevance of Ikeda's work to the Kiswahili audience in East and Central Africa. But first we look at the meaning of translation. _"oc According to th~ Internatil!nal Encyclopaedia of Linguistics Vol. 4 (1992), the word translation refers to the transfer of a written message from a source language to a target language. We can therefore say that translation is a process of substituting a text in one language for a text,in another language. At another level, translation could be regarded as communication; thus, it is intended to communicate some information to a given audience. This 97 Maisha Kitendawili na Joha,; implies, therefore, that in order for a translation to be done, there must be a need for doing it. It is in this regard that Maisha: Kitendawili na Johari is timely. Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modem world. A lot has been translated into the various languages of the world. Research findings, in different fields have been disseminated through translation in different languages of the world. In the nineteenth century, Christian missionaries translated very many books including the Bible into Kiswahili and other languages in Kenya and East Africa. During the colonial period, a lot of literary works from Europe and Asia were translated into Kiswahili. After independence, the Africans, themselves were at the forefront in translating some of the great-literary works of the world into Kiswahili. For example, two of Shakespeare's plays, The Merchant of Venice as Mabepari wa Venisi and Julius Caesar as Julias Kaizari, were translated by Julius Nyerere.Maisha: Kitendawili na Johari by Daisaku Ikeda is an important addition to the 'other, translations that we have in the Kiswahili language. In Maisha: Kitendawili na Johari, Daisaku Ikeda has addressed very salient issues which are relevant to the human race all over the world.

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