Epidemiology of multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in the western region of Kenya

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dc.contributor.authorLugonzo, George O.
dc.contributor.authorNjeru, Ezekiel M.
dc.contributor.authorSongock, William
dc.contributor.authorOkumu, Albert A.
dc.contributor.authorNdombi, Eric M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-30T06:45:48Z
dc.date.available2024-04-30T06:45:48Z
dc.date.issued2024-04
dc.descriptionArticleen_US
dc.description.abstractMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) (MDR-TB), or TB that is simultaneously resistant to both isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), is a barrier to successful TB control and treatment. Stratified data on MDR-TB, particularly in the high-burden western Kenya region, remain unknown. This data is important to monitor the efficacy of TB control and treatment efforts. Herein, we determined the molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant TB and associated risk factors in western Kenya. This was a non-experimental, population-based, cross-sectional study conducted between January and August 2018. Morning sputum samples of individuals suspected of pulmonary TB were collected, processed, and screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and drug resistance using line probe assay (LPA) and Mycobacterium growth indicator tubes (MGIT) culture. MGIT-positive samples were cultured on brain heart infusion (BHII) agar media, and the presence of Mtb was validated using Immunochromatographic assay (ICA). Drug sensitivity was performed on MGIT and ICA-positive but BHI-negative samples. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Of the 622 Mtb isolates, 536 (86.2%) were susceptible to RIF and INH. The rest, 86 (13.83%), were resistant to either drugs or both. A two-sample proportional equality test revealed that the MDR-TB prevalence in western Kenya (5%) did not vary significantly from the global MDR-TB estimate (3.9%) (P = 0.196). Men comprised the majority of susceptible and resistant TB (75.9% and 77.4%%, respectively). Also, compared with healthy individuals, the prevalence of HIV was significantly higher in MDR-TB patients (35.9% vs 5.6%). Finally, TB prevalence was highest in individuals aged 25–44 years, who accounted for 58.4% of the total TB cases. Evidently, the prevalence of MDRTB in Western Kenya is high. Particular attention should be paid to men, young adults, and those with HIV, who bear the greatest burden of resistant TB. Overall, there is a need to refine TB control and treatment programs in the region to yield better outcomes.en_US
dc.identifier.citationGeorge O Lugonzo, Ezekiel M. Njeru, William Songock, Albert A. Okumu, Eric M. Ndombi. Epidemiology of multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in the western region of Kenya[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2024, 10(2): 273-287. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024014en_US
dc.identifier.otherDOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024014
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/27837
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAIMSen_US
dc.subjecttuberculosisen_US
dc.subjectHIVen_US
dc.subjectisoniaziden_US
dc.subjectrifampicinen_US
dc.subjectmultidrug-resistant tuberculosisen_US
dc.subjectrisk factorsen_US
dc.subjectwestern Kenyaen_US
dc.titleEpidemiology of multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in the western region of Kenyaen_US
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