GC-MS Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract of Senna Singueana (Delile) Grown in Kenya
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Date
2022
Authors
Nyalo, Paul Ochieng
Omwenga, George Isanda
Ngugi, Mathew Piero
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Hindawi
Abstract
Bacterial diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. During bacterial diseases, an elevation of host immune
response occurs, which involves the production of free radicals in response to the bacterial infection. )e overproduction of free
radicals in excess of the antioxidants leads to oxidative stress. Conventional antibiotics are linked to side effects such as hypersensitivity reactions in addition to bacterial pathogens developing resistance against them. Artificial antioxidants are said to be
carcinogenic. )is study sought to confirm folklore use and validate the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Senna singueana
which has been widely used in the Mbeere community. )e in vitro antibacterial potentials of the plant extract were investigated
on Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhi ATCC 1408, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC
25923. Ciprofloxacin (100 µg/ml) drug was used as a standard reference, whereas 5% DMSO was used as a negative reference. )e
antibacterial tests included disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. S. singueana ethyl acetate
extract showed broad-spectrum potential against tested bacterial microbes producing mean zones of inhibition (MZI) from
07.67 ± 0.33 to 17.67 ± 0.33 mm. )e extract demonstrated a greater effect on Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacterial
pathogens. Antibacterial properties of ciprofloxacin were significantly greater in comparison to plant extract in all the dilutions
(p < 0.05), while 5% DMSO was inactive against all the tested bacteria. MBC values were greater than MIC values. Antioxidant
properties of the extract were determined through scavenging effects of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals (•
OH) as well as ferric
reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay. S. singueana demonstrated effects against all radicals formed. Additionally, the
extract exhibited ferric reducing abilities. )e extract also contained various phytocompounds with known antibacterial and
antioxidant properties. )is study recommends the therapeutic use of S. singueana as an antibacterial as well as an
antioxidant agent.
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Citation
Ochieng Nyalo, P., Isanda Omwenga, G., & Piero Ngugi, M. (2022). GC-MS analysis, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate leaf extract of Senna singueana (delile) grown in Kenya. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022.