Effects on Nanaofertilizers on Cd AND Pb Uptake in Kales Grown in Medially Polluted Experimental Soil.

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dc.contributor.authorNgorwe, E.N.
dc.contributor.authorNawiri M.
dc.contributor.authorMurungi J.
dc.contributor.authorNyambaka H.
dc.contributor.authorOngera T.
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-20T08:49:22Z
dc.date.available2023-07-20T08:49:22Z
dc.date.issued2020-03
dc.descriptionArticleen_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Most agriculturalists use excess commercial fertilizers with the notion that some will be eroded and leached eventually causing eutrophication and alters soil pH that increases Cd and Pb uptake in crops .Nanoparticles have numerous adsorption sites that reduce Cd and Pb uptake in crops and it has controlled release of nutrients guaranteeing longer interaction with the crops to ensure safer and higher crop yields to feed sporadic growing population. Materials and Methods: This study uses nanohydroxyapatite adsorbents from waste bones to synthesis nanofertilizers by encapsulating with DAP and NPK commercial fertilizers. Pots study in green house for contaminated soils were conducted with eight treatments in triplicate; DAP added, NPK added, NPK-DAP added, DAP nanofertilizer, NPK nanofertilizer, NPK-DAP nanofertilizer and non-treated control (ck) treatments, for sukuma wiki (kales) in Kitutu Chache south sub-county, Kisii County, Kenya. Nine pots were set for each treatment with one seedling each planted per pot. Nanofertilizers were applied at normal application rates during planting. Crops were left grown for 30 days to 90 days until they matured and harvested three times on a monthly basis. Harvested leaves were washed with distilled deionized water, oven dried and then acid digested and then analyzed by AAS for Cd and Pb. Data obtained was analyzed by ANOVA and t-test to compare means of various treatment, Cd and Pb in contaminated soils. Results: The nanofertilizers treatment recorded lowest levels of Cd and Pb in sukuma wiki harvested leaves. The bone ash (nHA added) had the lowest concentration levels of Cd (18.14±0.29) and Pb (15.91±0.57) with NPK nanofertilizers also recording lower concentration levels of Cd (27.29±0.50) and Pb (21.59±0.74). The DAP added fertilizers recorded highest concentration levels of Pb (56.74±5.75) while NPK added fertilizers recorded highest concentration levels of Cd (53.46±2.55). The bone nanofertilizer grown sukuma wiki had higher growth performance and lower levels of Cd and Pb to the permissible levels allowed by WHO/FAO in Kenyan vegetables. The bone ash nano treatment posted the lower heavy metals concentration levels of Cd (18.14±0.29) and Pb (15.91±0.57) while in synthetic experiments leaves harvested from synthetic ash nanofertilizer treated pots had Cd (23.71±1.92) and Pb (14.60±0.30). Cadmium concentration levels in kales harvested from bone ash recorded the highest reduction of 60.69% as compared with the non-treated control followed by bone NPK nanofertilizer with 30.70% cadmium uptake reduction. Lead uptake in bone set-up was most efficiently reduced by bone ash (nHA) by 59.25% while reduction by same treatment in synthetic experiment was 58.71%. The bone NPK nanofertilizer had 44.70% lead uptake reduction. However fertilizer amendment increased lead uptake with DAP added treatment hiking lead uptake in kales by 14.04%. Conclusion: The result is recommended for nanofertilizers to be used in growing other crops such as maize, beans, spinach potatoes, wheat, rice and other vegetative crops in medially polluted soils, especially in periurban farming to boost food productivity to feed ever growing population.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipKenyatta Universityen_US
dc.identifier.citationNawiri, M., Murungi, J., Nyambaka, H., & Ongera, T. Effects On Nanaofertilizers On Cd AND Pb Uptake In Kales Grown In Medially Polluted Experimental Soil.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/26342
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherIOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)en_US
dc.subjectNanofertilizeren_US
dc.subjectAmendmenten_US
dc.subjectUptakeen_US
dc.subjectNanohydroxyapatiteen_US
dc.subjectBone Ashen_US
dc.subjectBone Ashen_US
dc.titleEffects on Nanaofertilizers on Cd AND Pb Uptake in Kales Grown in Medially Polluted Experimental Soil.en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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