Effects on Nanaofertilizers on Cd AND Pb Uptake in Kales Grown in Medially Polluted Experimental Soil.
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Date
2020-03
Authors
Ngorwe, E.N.
Nawiri M.
Murungi J.
Nyambaka H.
Ongera T.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC)
Abstract
Background: Most agriculturalists use excess commercial fertilizers with the notion that some will be eroded
and leached eventually causing eutrophication and alters soil pH that increases Cd and Pb uptake in crops
.Nanoparticles have numerous adsorption sites that reduce Cd and Pb uptake in crops and it has controlled
release of nutrients guaranteeing longer interaction with the crops to ensure safer and higher crop yields to feed
sporadic growing population.
Materials and Methods: This study uses nanohydroxyapatite adsorbents from waste bones to synthesis
nanofertilizers by encapsulating with DAP and NPK commercial fertilizers. Pots study in green house for
contaminated soils were conducted with eight treatments in triplicate; DAP added, NPK added, NPK-DAP
added, DAP nanofertilizer, NPK nanofertilizer, NPK-DAP nanofertilizer and non-treated control (ck)
treatments, for sukuma wiki (kales) in Kitutu Chache south sub-county, Kisii County, Kenya. Nine pots were set
for each treatment with one seedling each planted per pot. Nanofertilizers were applied at normal application
rates during planting. Crops were left grown for 30 days to 90 days until they matured and harvested three
times on a monthly basis. Harvested leaves were washed with distilled deionized water, oven dried and then
acid digested and then analyzed by AAS for Cd and Pb. Data obtained was analyzed by ANOVA and t-test to
compare means of various treatment, Cd and Pb in contaminated soils.
Results: The nanofertilizers treatment recorded lowest levels of Cd and Pb in sukuma wiki harvested leaves. The
bone ash (nHA added) had the lowest concentration levels of Cd (18.14±0.29) and Pb (15.91±0.57) with NPK
nanofertilizers also recording lower concentration levels of Cd (27.29±0.50) and Pb (21.59±0.74). The DAP
added fertilizers recorded highest concentration levels of Pb (56.74±5.75) while NPK added fertilizers recorded
highest concentration levels of Cd (53.46±2.55). The bone nanofertilizer grown sukuma wiki had higher growth
performance and lower levels of Cd and Pb to the permissible levels allowed by WHO/FAO in Kenyan
vegetables. The bone ash nano treatment posted the lower heavy metals concentration levels of Cd (18.14±0.29)
and Pb (15.91±0.57) while in synthetic experiments leaves harvested from synthetic ash nanofertilizer treated
pots had Cd (23.71±1.92) and Pb (14.60±0.30). Cadmium concentration levels in kales harvested from bone ash
recorded the highest reduction of 60.69% as compared with the non-treated control followed by bone NPK
nanofertilizer with 30.70% cadmium uptake reduction. Lead uptake in bone set-up was most efficiently reduced
by bone ash (nHA) by 59.25% while reduction by same treatment in synthetic experiment was 58.71%. The bone
NPK nanofertilizer had 44.70% lead uptake reduction. However fertilizer amendment increased lead uptake
with DAP added treatment hiking lead uptake in kales by 14.04%.
Conclusion: The result is recommended for nanofertilizers to be used in growing other crops such as maize,
beans, spinach potatoes, wheat, rice and other vegetative crops in medially polluted soils, especially in periurban farming to boost food productivity to feed ever growing population.
Description
Article
Keywords
Nanofertilizer, Amendment, Uptake, Nanohydroxyapatite, Bone Ash, Bone Ash
Citation
Nawiri, M., Murungi, J., Nyambaka, H., & Ongera, T. Effects On Nanaofertilizers On Cd AND Pb Uptake In Kales Grown In Medially Polluted Experimental Soil.