Isolation, identification and antiimcrobial testing of salmonella typhi from water and food1sample,s in,Mwea region, . Kirinyaga county, Kenya
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Date
2014-09-26
Authors
Maina, Lukas Mwaura
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kenyatta University
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a systemic illness caused by the gram-negative bacillus Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhi (s. typhi). Mwea region is often prone to enteric fever outbreaks.
This may be due to its low lying nature and the seasonal fluctuation in the water level
making the region vulnerable to flooding which leads to contamination of food and
portable water. The study aims at investigating the major factors contributing to the
recurrent attacks by typhoid fever among people of Mwea region Kirinyaga County. It
will also investigate the bacterial load of the water and food samples and the resistance
pattern of Salmonella typhi isolates determined through antimicrobial sensitivity testing
by disc diffusion technique. Moreover, the study will help in determination of Salmonella
serotypes. Already used water, intestinal wastes obtained from butcheries, milk, swabs of
fruits, vegetables and water from various water sources will be collected. The samples
will be inoculated into a non - selective pre enrichment media the buffered peptone water
and then incubated at 37 0 C for 24 h. One milliliter of the pre enriched broth will be
transferred into cubes containing ten milliliter Selenite F broth and further incubated at
370 C for 24 h. Pure isolates will then be inoculated in two selective media namely XLD
(xylose lysine deoxycholate) agar and then Salmonella - Shigella agar. Identification and
characterization will be based on colonial morphology and cultural characteristics. The
pure culture obtained will be used for biochemical confirmation. Biochemical
characterization by use of analytical profile index (API-E20) will be done. Serotyping
will be done by slide agglutination tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test will be
performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results of the sample will be
compared against standards set by WHO. Analysis of variance (One way Anova) at 5%
confidence level will be used to compare the means of the results of sample analysis.
Recording and processing of data will be done using the statistical package for social
science (SPSS). All numeric analysis for the total plate count will be made using arcsine
logarithm bacterial count values in Excel spreadsheets. The confidence intervals for
antimicrobial resistance will be estimated using Win Episcope (version 2.0) and Epicalc
2000 (version 1.02) software.
Description
school of Pure and Applied Sciences