Improved Sample Selection and Preparation Methods for Sampling Plans Used to Facilitate Rapid and Reliable Estimation of Aflatoxin in Chicken Feed

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dc.contributor.authorKibugu, James
dc.contributor.authorMdachi, Raymond
dc.contributor.authorMunga, Leonard
dc.contributor.authorMburu, David
dc.contributor.authorWhitaker, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorHuynh, Thu P
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Delia
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-22T07:55:05Z
dc.date.available2021-06-22T07:55:05Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a toxic fungal metabolite associated with human and animal diseases, is a natural contaminant encountered in agricultural commodities, food and feed. Heterogeneity of AFB1 makes risk estimation a challenge. To overcome this, novel sample selection, preparation and extraction steps were designed for representative sampling of chicken feed. Accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantification, linearity, robustness and ruggedness were used as performance criteria to validate this modification and Horwitz function for evaluating precision. A modified sampling protocol that ensured representativeness is documented, including sample selection, sampling tools, random procedures, minimum size of field-collected aggregate samples (primary sampling), procedures for mass reduction to 2 kg laboratory (secondary sampling), 25 g test portion (tertiary sampling) and 1.3 g analytical samples (quaternary sampling). The improved coning and quartering procedure described herein (for secondary and tertiary sampling) has acceptable precision, with a Horwitz ratio (HorRat = 0.3) suitable for splitting of 25 g feed aliquots from laboratory samples (tertiary sampling). The water slurring innovation (quaternary sampling) increased aflatoxin extraction efficiency to 95.1% through reduction of both bias (−4.95) and variability of recovery (1.2–1.4) and improved both intra-laboratory precision (HorRat = 1.2–1.5) and within-laboratory reproducibility (HorRat = 0.9–1.3). Optimal extraction conditions are documented. The improved procedure showed satisfactory performance, good field applicability and reduced sample analysis turnaround timeen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipCGIAR Research Program, Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (CRA between ILRI and KALRO Ref. Contract No. 1/2014) and the Government of Kenya (through KALRO)en_US
dc.identifier.citationKibugu, J., Mdachi, R., Munga, L., Mburu, D., Whitaker, T., Huynh, T. P., ... & Lindahl, J. F. (2021). Improved Sample Selection and Preparation Methods for Sampling Plans Used to Facilitate Rapid and Reliable Estimation of Aflatoxin in Chicken Feed. Toxins, 13(3), 216.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/22393
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.subjectAflatoxinen_US
dc.subjectChicken feeden_US
dc.subjectRepresentative samplingen_US
dc.subjectImproved aflatoxin test procedureen_US
dc.subjectValidationen_US
dc.titleImproved Sample Selection and Preparation Methods for Sampling Plans Used to Facilitate Rapid and Reliable Estimation of Aflatoxin in Chicken Feeden_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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