Prevalence, susceptibility patterns and risk factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus presence in marketed milk and milk products within Nairobi city county, Kenya
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Date
2014-09-26
Authors
Macharia, John Macharia
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kenyatta University
Abstract
S. aureus is a major food-borne pathogen that poses a serious threat to our world today. In Kenya, with the continuous water shortage, proper sanitary conditions are not sufficiently met pre-disposing the community to S. aureus infections. One of the difficulties of controlling S. aureus food poisoning is that food can contain a very high population of the bacteria without being noticeably identified. It has been implicated that food-borne diseases represents one of the most widespread and overwhelming public health problems in poor resource settings. The increasing rate of multi drug resistant S. aureus has continued to pose a challenge to the I.:.r_, pharmaceutical farms and patients management. The aim of this study is therefore to establish the presence of S aureus in processed milk and milk products, to determine the susceptibility patterns of S. aureus on the various antimicrobials and to conduct risk assessment on specific milk food safety hazard. Laboratory work and analysis will be done from Kenyatta University's Laboratory as well as the Centre for Microbiology Research-KEMRl based in Kenyatta National Hospital. Data will be collected for a period of three months. A total of 334 samples will be collected for isolation of S. aureus. A loop-full of the samples will be streaked directly on Mannitol salt agar which will be used as a "elective and an indicator media. Suspected isolates will then be inoculated on blood agar and confirmed by biochemical tests; Catalase test, Coagulase test and Oxidase test respectively. To determine antimicrobial sensitivity test, a panel of selected antibiotics commonly used in empirical treatment of S aureus infections will be selected from different classes. The antibiotics will be: Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Methicillin and Ciprofloxacin. This study is necessary since the findings will suggest the possible antibiotics of choice to be used in empirical treatment of S. aureus infections. In addition, information generated from this research will also provide a basis upon which formulation of better policies regarding processed milk and milk products can be based on by policy makers by developing tools and evidence that allows risk assessments to be conducted in formal and informal markets. Results will be statistically analyzed by means of analysis of variance and Chi-square for the comparison of concentration means of the total counts to assess the level of contamination and sensitivity patterns. Levels of P >0.05 will be taken to be non-significant
Description
school of Pure and Applied Sciences