Application of Bio and Chemical Fertilizers Improves Yield, and Essential Oil Quantity and Quality of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) Intercropped with Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
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Date
2021
Authors
Faridvand, Shahin
Rezaei-Chiyaneh, Esmaeil
Battaglia, Martin Leonardo
Gitari, Harun I.
Raza, Muhammad Ali
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Wiley Online Library
Abstract
Intercropping Moldavian balm with mung bean is an ecological approach for improving resource productivity. A field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to determine the effect of fertilizer application on
yield and essential oil (EO) productivity of Moldavian balm intercropped with
mung bean. The experiment had a two-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The first factor comprised of five cropping
patterns: Moldavian balm sole crop (MBs), mung bean sole crop (MGs), one row
each of Moldavian balm +mung bean (1MB:1MG), two rows each of Moldavian
balm +mung bean (2MB:2MG), and three rows of Moldavian balm +two rows
of mung bean (3MB:2MG). The second factor comprised four fertilizer sources:
no fertilizer application (C, control), 100% chemical fertilizer (NPK), 50% chemical fertilizer +100% bacterial fertilizer (NPK+BF), and 100% bacterial fertilizer
+100% mycorrhizal fungi (BF+MF). The sole crop fertilized with NPK+BF produced the highest seed yields for MG (1189 kg/ha) and MB (7027 kg/ha), while
3MB:2MG fertilized with NPK+BF had the highest nutrient contents. Moldavian
balm produced the highest EO content and yield in 2MB:2MG fertilized with
NPK+BF. The EO of MB mainly comprised geranyl acetate (30–39%), geranial
(20–31%), neral (18–24%), and geraniol (3–8%). In addition, the 3MB:2MG intercropping treatment fertilized with NPK+BF had the highest land equivalent ratio
(LER = 1.35). We recommend an intercropping ratio of 2MB:2MG fertilized with
NPK+BF is recommended as an alternative and eco-friendly strategy for farmers
to improve EO quantity and quality.
Description
An Article Published in Food and Energy Security
Keywords
Canopy diameter, Essential oil, Geranyl acetate, Land equivalent ratio, Nutrients