Adding Injury To Infection: The Relationship Between Injury Status And Genetic Diversity Of Theileria Infecting Plains Zebra, Equus Quagga

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dc.contributor.authorKing'ori, Edward M
dc.contributor.authorObanda, Vincent
dc.contributor.authorNdambiri, Ephantus M
dc.contributor.authorRuno, Steven M
dc.contributor.authorChiyo, Patrick I
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-09T06:29:59Z
dc.date.available2021-06-09T06:29:59Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.descriptionResearch Articleen_US
dc.description.abstractAsymptomatic tick-borne infections are a common feature in wild herbivores. In human-dominated habitats, snare injuries to wild herbivores are common and are likely to co-occur with enzootic infections. The influence of injury on pattern, course and outcome of enzootic infection in wild herbivores is unknown. We identified Theileria species infecting zebra and assessed the relationship between host injury-status and parasitaemia, parasite diversity and selection regimes. We also determined host leucocyte differential as this can reveal mechanisms by which injuries influence infections. Theileria infecting zebra was identified using PCR and sequencing of the V4 region of the 18 s rRNA gene and confirmed with phylogenetic analyses. The influence of injury status on parasite infection patterns, genetic diversity and selection were assessed using population genetic tools. Parasitaemia estimated from prevalence and leucocyte differential were determined from microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood smears. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses revealed that the zebra population studied was infected with three Theileria equi haplotypes. Parasitaemia was lower among injured compared to non-injured animals and lower during dry than wet season. Mean (±SD) genetic diversity was 0.386 (±0.128) in injured and 0.513 (±0.144) in non-injured zebra (P = .549). Neutrality tests indicated that T. equi is under strong purifying selection in injured females (Li & Fu's D* = -2.037) and demographic expansion in all zebra during the wet season (Tajima D = -1.904). Injured zebras had a higher median per cent of neutrophils (64% vs 37%) a lower median per cent of basophils (0% vs 1%) and eosinophils (2% vs 4.5%) than non-injured animals, suggesting a heightened immune response and a shift from a Th2 to Th1 T-Cell response favoring the elimination of intracellular parasites in injured animals. This study demonstrates the utility of population genetics in revealing factors influencing parasite diversity and infection patterns. Keywords: Asymptomatic infection; Immunity Theileria; Kenya; Leucocyte-differential; Snares; Wound; Zebra.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKing'ori, E. M., Obanda, V., Ndambiri, E. M., Runo, S. M., & Chiyo, P. I. (2018). Adding injury to infection: The relationship between injury status and genetic diversity of Theileria infecting plains zebra, Equus quagga. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 58, 269-278.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/22299
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.subjectAsymptomatic infectionen_US
dc.subjectImmunity Theileriaen_US
dc.subjectKenyaen_US
dc.subjectLeucocyte-differentialen_US
dc.subjectSnaresen_US
dc.subjectWounden_US
dc.subjectZebraen_US
dc.titleAdding Injury To Infection: The Relationship Between Injury Status And Genetic Diversity Of Theileria Infecting Plains Zebra, Equus Quaggaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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