Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Cardio metabolic Health in Three Rural Kenyan Populations
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Date
2019
Authors
Lee, Jerry C
Westgate, Kate
Boit, Michael K
Mwaniki, David L
Kiplamai, Festus K
Friis, Henrik
Tetens, Inge
Christensen, Dirk L
Brage, Soren
Journal Title
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Publisher
Wiley Online Library
Abstract
Objectives: Physical activity is beneficial for metabolic health but the extent to
which this may differ by ethnicity is still unclear. Here, the objective was to characterize the association between physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and cardiometabolic risk among the Luo, Kamba, and Maasai ethnic groups of rural Kenya.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 1084 rural Kenyans, free-living PAEE was
objectively measured using individually-calibrated heart rate and movement sensing. A clustered metabolic syndrome risk score (zMS) was developed by averaging
the sex-specific z-scores of five risk components measuring central adiposity, blood
pressure, lipid levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance.
Results: zMS was 0.08 (−0.09; −0.06) SD lower for every 10 kJ/kg/day difference
in PAEE after adjustment for age and sex; this association was modified by ethnicity (interaction with PAEE P < 0.05). When adjusted for adiposity, each 10 kJ/kg/
day difference in PAEE was predicted to lower zMS by 0.04 (−0.05, −0.03) SD,
without evidence of interaction by ethnicity. The Maasai were predicted to have
higher cardiometabolic risk than the Kamba and Luo at every quintile of PAEE,
with a strong dose-dependent decreasing trend among all ethnicities.
Conclusion: Free-living PAEE is strongly inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk in rural Kenyans. Differences between ethnic groups in this association
were observed but were explained by differences in central adiposity. Therefore,
targeted interventions to increase PAEE are more likely to be effective in subgroups with high central adiposity, such as Maasai with low levels of PAEE.
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Citation
Lee, J. C., Westgate, K., Boit, M. K., Mwaniki, D. L., Kiplamai, F. K., Friis, H., ... & Brage, S. (2019). Physical activity energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health in three rural Kenyan populations. American Journal of Human Biology, 31(1), e23199.