Evidence of Negative Energy Balance Using Doubly Labelled Water in Elite Kenyan Endurance Runners Prior to Competition

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dc.contributor.authorFudge, Barry W
dc.contributor.authorWesterterp, Klaas R
dc.contributor.authorKiplamai, Festus K
dc.contributor.authorOnywera, Vincent O
dc.contributor.authorBoit, Michael K
dc.contributor.authorKayser, Bengt
dc.contributor.authorPitsiladis, Yannis P
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-25T10:51:34Z
dc.date.available2023-07-25T10:51:34Z
dc.date.issued2006
dc.descriptionArticleen_US
dc.description.abstractPrevious studies have found Kenyan endurance runners to be in negative energy balance during training and prior to competition. The aim of the present study was to assess energy balance in nine elite Kenyan endurance runners during heavy training. Energy intake and expenditure were determined over 7 d using weighed dietary intake and doubly labelled water, respectively. Athletes were on average in negative energy balance (mean energy intake 13 241 (SD 1330) kJ/d v. mean energy expenditure 14 611 (SD 1043) kJ/d; P¼0·046), although there was no loss in body mass (mean 56·0 (SD 3·4) kg v. 55·7 (SD 3·6) kg; P¼0·285). The calculation of underreporting was 13 % (range 224 to þ9 %) and almost entirely accounted for by undereating (9 % (range 255 to þ39 %)) as opposed to a lack of significant underrecording (i.e. total water intake was no different from water loss (mean 4·2 (SD 0·6) l/d v. 4·5 (SD 0·8) l/d; P¼0·496)). Fluid intake was modest and consisted mainly of water (0·9 (SD 0·5) l/d) and milky tea (0·9 (SD 0·3) l/d). The diet was high in carbohydrate (67·3 (SD 7·8) %) and sufficient in protein (15·3 (SD 4·0) %) and fat (17·4 (SD 3·9) %). These results confirm previous observations that Kenyan runners are in negative energy balance during periods of intense training. A negative energy balance would result in a reduction in body mass, which, when combined with a high carbohydrate diet, would have the potential in the short term to enhance endurance running performance by reducing the energy cost of runningen_US
dc.identifier.citationFudge, B. W., Westerterp, K. R., Kiplamai, F. K., Onywera, V. O., Boit, M. K., Kayser, B., & Pitsiladis, Y. P. (2006). Evidence of negative energy balance using doubly labelled water in elite Kenyan endurance runners prior to competition. British Journal of Nutrition, 95(1), 59-66.en_US
dc.identifier.otherDOI: 10.1079/BJN20051608
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/26397
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherCambridge University Pressen_US
dc.subjectEnergy expenditureen_US
dc.subjectDoubly labelled water: Energy intakeen_US
dc.subjectUndereatingen_US
dc.subjectIntense high-altitude trainingen_US
dc.subjectEast African endurance athletesen_US
dc.titleEvidence of Negative Energy Balance Using Doubly Labelled Water in Elite Kenyan Endurance Runners Prior to Competitionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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