Prevalence of type II diabetes and it's risk factors among the Luo and the Kipsigis of the Lake Victoria basin
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Date
2012-04-19
Authors
Kiplamai, Festus Kaino
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Abstract
The prevalence of Type II Diabetes (T2D) in developing countries is increasing at a high rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the modifiable predictors of T2D and variations in predisposing factors among the people living around Lake Victoria region, and in particular to describe variations in dietary factors, physical activity, socio-economic status and prevalence of T2D among two rural communities in the lake Victoria basin. A cross-sectional survey design was used for randomized selection of the subjects from the two rural populations. The total number of subjects recruited was 304 (134 males and 170 females) to fulfill the 95% confidence level required for comparisons.
Data were analyzed using ANOVA and T-test, where applicable, for comparison of means between groups and chi square to show associations between variables. There was no significant difference in the mean age of the two populations thus age was not a confounding factor. The overall prevalence of T2D in the rural areas represented by the sample was found to be 2.3% of the population (3.0% and 1.8% among males and females respectively). The overall prevalence ofIGT in the rural areas was at 8.1% (CI: 5.0-11.2) of the total population {3.1% (CI: 0.2-6.0) and 11.3% (CI: 6.3-15.7) among the males and females respectively}. There was significant differences in the BMI between the males and females (p<O.OOI). The females had a significantly higher BMI than the males. The Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=0.003), %BF (p=0.002), and HC (p=0.004), differed significantly among glucose intolerant and the normal individuals. There were large cross-ethnic differences in dietary intake among the two populations. Glucose intolerant (GI) subjects were found to have a significantly (p=0.017) lower percentage of protein (12%) intake in their diets than the control (14%). There were no significant differences in the time reported spend on vigorous physical activities among the two populations.
The total Metabolic Equivalent (MET) values were also found to be significantly lower (p<O.OOI) among the Kipsigis compared to the Luo community. The amount of time spend sitting was found to be significantly (p<O.OOI) higher among the Luo as compared to the Kipsigis in both gender. There were no significant differences in the metabolism of glucose between the different blood types across the two communities. The levels of triglycerides was found to be significantly associated (i=25.21, p<O.OOI) with increased incidence and prevalence of T2D and its risk factors among the Luo while this was not true for the Kipsigis community.
The Cholesterol (i=89.42, p<O.OOI) and the LDL (i=16.82, p=0.032) were similarly associated with the prevalence of T2D and risk markers among the Luo only. In conclusion, the highly significant differences in prevalence of T2D and its risk marker are related mainly to differences in lifestyle, with a special emphasis on dietary patterns. Elevated BMI, % BF, HC, Chol, and LDL independent of age and sex are risk factors for glucose intolerance. The increased amount of time spend sitting as a proxy indicator for physical inactivity is a risk factor to T2D and its risk markers. It is recommended therefore that they should manage their diet intake and physical activities very closely to avoid being predisposed to T2D, IGT and elevated blood sugar levels.
Description
Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science,120p.The QA 16 .K4K5 2011
Keywords
Mathematics --Study and teaching --Kenya, Kericho County, Science --Study and teaching --Kenya, Kericho County