Use of Isoenzyme Phenotypes to Characterise the Major Rootknot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Spp.) Parasitising Indigenous Leafy Vegetables In Kisii
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Date
2003
Authors
Muturi, J
Gichuki, C
Waceke, J.W
Runo, Steven
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Abstract
Root knot nematodes belonging to the genus Meloidogyne are the most economically important group of plant
parasitic nematodes. Their worldwide distribution, extensive host range and interaction with other plant
pathogens in disease complexes rank them among the top plant parasitic pathogens affecting the worlds food
supply. Yearly crop losses of 5% have been reported worldwide. The damage inflicted in certain regions of
developing countries exceeds this level. To improve the identification of Meloidogyne populations , a rapid
technique should be developed which is easy to apply. The objective of this study was to determine the
occurrence, distribution and identity of root knot nematodes (RKN) affecting Indigenous leafy vegetables
(ILVs) in Kisii District. A total of 200 samples of (Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus hybridus and Cleome
gynandra) affected by RKN were collected from two divisions, Sameta and Kilgoris.
Previous studies on the diversity of Meloidogyne spp. have focused on morphology (perineal patterns, stylet
structure, body length), and the response of the populations to differential host test. Morphological differences
may be difficult to observe making identification of nematodes by these procedures difficult. Enzyme
phenotype, using esterases (Est) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh), can be used to characterize Meloidogyne
spp. populations from different ILVs using a simplified technique for routine analyses. Soluble proteins from
macerates of individual females were separated by vertical electrophoresis on 0.7 mm-thick-polyacrylamide gels
(12 %). After electrophoresis gels were stained for enzymatic activity in a Petri dish at 37ยบ C with different
staining solution. The species identity of forty RKN affecting ILVs in Kisii was reviewed using isoenzyme
analysis. Meloidogyne javanica had the phenotype J3 while M. arenaria had phenotype A2. Species specific
phenotype I1 was 50%, J3 was detected in 25% of the samples from Kisii while phenotype A2 was found in 25
%. Mdh and Estarase phenotypes are species specific and are used for identification of RKN
Description
Research Article
Keywords
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), Meloidogyne spp
Citation
Muturi, J., Gichuki, C., Waceke, J. W., & Runo, S. M. (2003). Use of isozyme phenotypes to characterise the major root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) parasitising indigenous leafy vegetables in Kisii. In Transforming Agriculture for Improved Livelihoods through Agricultural Product Value Chains: the Proceedings of the 12th KARI Biennial Scientific Conference. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (pp. 605-12).