Prevalence and Correlates of Compliance with 24-H Movement Guidelines among Children from Urban and Rural Kenya—the Kenya-LINX Project
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Date
2022
Authors
Swindell, Nils
Wachira, Lucy-Joy
Okoth, Victor
Kagunda, Stanley
Owino, George
Ochola, Sophie
Brophy, Sinead
Summers, Huw
Richards, Amie
Fairclough, Stuart J.
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
plos one
Abstract
Background
Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya has experienced rapid urbanization in
recent years. Despite the distinct socioeconomic and environmental differences, few studies
have examined the adherence to movement guidelines in urban and rural areas. This crosssectional
study aimed at examining compliance to the 24-hour movement guidelines and
their correlates among children from urban and rural Kenya.
Method
Children (n = 539) aged 11.1 ± 0.8 years (52% female) were recruited from 8 urban and 8
rural private and public schools in Kenya. Physical activity (PA) and sleep duration were estimated
using 24-h raw data from wrist-worn accelerometers. Screen time (ST) and potential
correlates were self- reported. Multi-level logistic regression was applied to identify correlates
of adherence to combined and individual movement guidelines.
Results
Compliance with the combined movement guidelines was low overall (7%), and higher
among rural (10%) than urban (5%) children. Seventy-six percent of rural children met the
individual PA guidelines compared to 60% urban children while more rural children also met
sleep guidelines (27% vs 14%). The odds of meeting the combined movement guidelines
reduced with age (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35–0.87, p = 0.01), was greater among those who
could swim (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.09–9.83, p = 0.04), and among those who did not engage in ST before school (OR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.81–10.68, p<0.01). The odds of meeting
PA guidelines increased with the number of weekly physical education sessions provided
at school (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.36–3.21, p<0.01) and was greater among children
who spent their lunch break walking (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.15–5.55, p = 0.02) or running
relative to those who spent it sitting (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.27–4.27, p = 0.01).
Conclusions
Prevalence of meeting movement guidelines among Kenyan children is low and of greatest
concern in urban areas. Several correlates were identified, particularly influential were features
of the school day, School is thus a significant setting to promote a healthy balance
between sleep, sedentary time, and PA.
Description
article
Keywords
Citation
Swindell N, Wachira L-J, Okoth V, Kagunda S, Owino G, Ochola S, et al. (2022) Prevalence and correlates of compliance with 24-h movement guidelines among children from urban and rural Kenya—The Kenya-LINX project. PLoS ONE 17(12): e0279751. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0279751