RP-Department of Business Administration

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Influence of Strategic Management Practices on the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kajiado Town – Kenya
(International Journals of Academics & Research, 2025-01) Nthiwa, Tabitha Ngina; Kamau, Sarah
The performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has faced a significant decline globally, particularly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be linked to inadequate strategic management practices. This research investigates how strategic management affects SME performance in Kajiado Town, Kenya. The study focuses on four key aspects: environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. Employing theories such as resource-based view, contingency, and agency theory, a descriptive research design is utilized. The target population consists of 1,302 SMEs, with a sample of 180 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) determined through a census sampling technique. A pilot study involving 60 SMEs was conducted in Kiambu Town to validate the research instruments, achieving a satisfactory Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.8. Data collection methods included questionnaires and secondary data from company records and online sources, with responses collected over two weeks. The analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics, revealing that strategic management practices significantly enhance SME performance by improving service delivery, customer satisfaction, and market share. The study concludes that integrating these practices is vital for fostering growth and competitiveness in SMEs. Recommendations include regular environmental scanning, structured strategy formulation, efficient resource allocation, and ongoing evaluation to enhance performance and competitiveness.
Workplace Diversity and Employee Performance of Private Universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(KENYATTA UNIVERSITY, 2024-02) IBRAHIM, KALTUMA IBREIN
Given the turbulent industrial applications, educational institutions have discovered that facilities must be supplied in accordance with the diverse stakeholder needs and expectations. As a result, the performance of employees is critical for service – based organizations. High employee performance becomes an important concern in organizations because it defines actual quality. However, poor employee performance has been attributed to the closure of five private universities in Kenya between 2015 and 2022. This has severely impacted on the Kenyan educational system this leading to the closure of these universities with hundreds of staff members rendered jobless and thousands of students been forced to relocate to other institutions. This has raised concerns over the standard of education in Kenya. Therefore, this study aims to examine workforce diversity effect on Nairobi City County’s private universities employee’s performance in Kenya. Of reference, this investigation evaluated age diversity, religion diversity, gender diversity and education diversity effect on employee performance of private universities in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Social identity theory, equity theory, pluralism theory and ability, motivation and opportunity theory are the project and theories. Descriptive research design was employed. The target population is the employees (management team, Deans/Heads of Department (HOD), Academic staff and support staff) of the 11 private universities located in the County of Nairobi. Stratified random sampling technique was employed on the 371 employees used. The information was accessed via closed and opened-ended questionnaire with Cronbach Alpha to test for reliability and validity using content and face to ascertain the instruments dependability. The primary data was analyzed on SPSS built-in platform in which descriptive statistics involving deviation from standard mean and mean as well as multiple regression analysis was performed. The evaluated output was illustrated in charts and tables and the study was upheld by ethics of confidentiality, respect and fairness. The output of the survey unveiled a positively effect of age diversity but insignificant on the performance of the employees; insignificant but positive effect on the employees’ performance was unraveled; observed a negatively significant effect on performance of the employees; and a positively significant educational diversity effect on the employees of private universities performance in Kenya’s Nairobi City County. The suggestion noted that university management prioritize hiring experienced staff. This approach aligns with the observation that experience often translates into higher productivity levels. In the event of employing young staff, merit should be upheld to avoid deteriorating employees’ performance in the private universities in Kenya.
Sustainability Reporting and Financial Performance for Listed Commercial Banks at the Nairobi Securities Exchange – Kenya
(IJARKE, 2024-07) Gitau, Gathukia Reuben; Waweru, Fredrick
Sustainability reports have become important tools in recent years for companies to measure their environmental performance and achieve sustainable development. Still, the influence of sustainability reporting on a company's financial returns varies, with certain companies experiencing progress while others observe no discernible effect. Despite the importance of sustainability reporting, there are few studies on the impact of sustainability reporting on corporate financial performance of banks listed on the NSE. Given this, the purpose of this study was to ascertain how sustainability reporting affected the financial results of commercial banks that were listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. This research used agency theory, stakeholder theory, and signaling theory to guide its research. A descriptive exploratory design was employed in this study, focusing on the 11 NSE-listed banks that collectively employ 23,534 individuals. The population was divided into secretarial, clerical, supervisory, and management strata using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires (primary method) and through data collection instruments (secondary method). The data was later coded, entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 28. Descriptive statistical measures, including means, percentages, and frequencies were employed to summarize and characterize the sample data. Inferential statistical techniques such as correlation and regression were also applied to derive conclusions and make inferences beyond the observed sample results. The results of this study show a clear connection between the disclosure of environmental information and the financial performance of banking institutions. The banks placed emphasis on environmental sustainability through various initiatives such as clean energy and waste management. However, the study also found that a comprehensive shift toward environmentally friendly practices has yet to occur. This study adds value to the current scholarly discourse by improving our understanding of the connection between sustainability reporting and financial performance.
Firm financial indicators and share returns on agricultural firms listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
(strategicjournals.com, 2023-11) Kilonzo, E. M.
This study focused on internal and external determinants suspected to cause differences in the share returns. The specific objectives aimed at examining the effects of firm-specific financial indicators on share return of seven Agricultural sector firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. With the moderating variable of effective tax rate, the study sought to analyze the effects of liquidity, leverage, profitability and firm size on share returns of Agricultural firms therein listed. The share return was measured by price earnings ratio. Five theories anchored this study with the aim of grounding it based on scholarly work. Trade-off theory, Agency theory, Capital structure theory, Resource based theory and Tax clientele effect theory. A population study was conducted on all the 7 firms over the 2018-2022 sample period using secondary data, to be obtained using a data capture sheet. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, the collected data, the variables were multiple- regressed to produce descriptive statistics of bivariate relationship. The model was diagnosed for heteroscedasticity, normality of distribution, multicollinearity and linearity. For generalization purposes, significance of the resulting statistics was interpreted with 95% confidence. The study established a statistically significant positive relationship between liquidity, leverage, profitability and firm size on share returns of agricultural firms listed at NSE, Kenya (β=67.1949, p=.0408.....
Product Innovation and Organizational Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Organization of Scientific Research, 2025-05) Mwaura, Josphine Ruguru; Waithaka, Paul
Microfinance Institutions organizational performance has exhibited rising non-performing loans, reduced asset growth and member dissatisfaction. This study sought to establish the effect of product innovation on organizational performance of microfinance institutions in Nairobi City County with possible recommendations on effective strategies for policy and practical applications to enhance performance of the sector. Four theories guided the study; diffusion of innovation theory, balanced scorecard, transactional cost theory and Schumpeter entrepreneurial innovation theory. Descriptive statistics was used to describe strategic innovation and organizational performance. A total of 205 senior managers from 41 Microfinance institutions headquartered in Nairobi City County consisted part of the target population. The study used 60% of the population to derive a sample of 123. Participants were selected randomly using a systematic sampling process. Structured questionnaire enabled the collection of primary data. Content validity, face and expert validity were used to enhance validity of the instrument. Cronbach alpha enabled the analysis of the instrument’s reliability with 0.7 considered as the thresh hold and acceptable reliability value. Pilot study was done in Kiambu County targeting four microfinance institutions with 14 respondents. Descriptive statistics, Karl Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression aided the analysis of primary data. The findings were presented in tabular format, graphs and charts. Confidentially, anonymity and consent guided the research process. The results showed that product innovation significantly improved organizational performance of microfinance institutions in Nairobi City County. The study concluded that microfinance institutions may need to adopt product innovation to meet the needs of their customers thereby improve organizational performance. The study made recommendations that product innovation may be used to tap into new markets, meet emerging customer preferences and increase sales
Corporate social responsibility expenditure on environment and financial performance of tea development agency managed factories in Kenya
(strategicjournals.com, 2024-03) Bosire, Ogero Vincent; Mwangi, Lucy Wamugo; Kosgei, Margaret
Kenya Tea Development Authority registered factories continue to face the challenge of financial performance in regard to declining return on equity across the period 2017-2021. To ameliorate this challenge, Kenya Tea Development Authority firms are undertaking corporate social responsibility activities in order to gain social license in the areas they operate. However, there has been limited empirical evidence linking corporate social responsibility of environment and financial performance particularly on these Kenya Tea Development Authority firms. Thus, against this background, this study determined the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on environment on financial performance of Kenya Tea Development Authority managed factories in Kenya. The study was anchored on resource-based view theory, stakeholder theory, institutional theory and social contract theory. The study was based on positivism research philosophy guided by explanatory research design. The target population consisted of all the 67 Kenya Tea Development Authority managed factories clustered into 7 Seven regions as at December 2022. The study applied census technique where data was sought from the entire population. Information in its primary form was gathered through structured questionnaire on corporate social responsibility while secondary data from 2017-2021 was obtained on financial performance and firm size. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to compute descriptive statistics that entailed means and standard deviation. Besides, inferential statistics covering regression analysis were used to test the formulated hypotheses. Presentation of the data was done through tables and figures. The study established that Corporate Social Responsibility expenditure on environment (β=0.505, p<0.05) was a significant predictor of financial performance of Kenya Tea Development Authority managed factories in Kenya. At the same time, firm size was found to have significant moderating effect on the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and financial performance of Kenya Tea Development Authority managed factories. The study concluded that there exists significant relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility on environment and financial performance which is moderated by firm size. The study recommended that senior managers working among Kenya Tea Development Authority managed factories in Kenya continue to invest in environmental Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives.
Risk Management Strategies and Performance of Selected Insurance Companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2024) Agola,Everlyne Engefu; Ndegwa,Priscilla
The insurance industry plays a vital role in the management of risk and therefore helps to support and facilitate business activities. The performance of insurance companies is impacted by various challenges related to their risk management strategies. These challenges can arise from both internal and external factors, and they can have significant implications for the financial stability and profitability of insurance companies. Changes in regulatory requirements can impact the risk management strategies of insurance companies, requiring them to adapt their practices and systems to remain compliant. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the influence of risk management strategies on the performance of selected insurance companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study was guided by the balanced scorecard model, agency theory, portfolio theory, risk aversion theory, and prospect theory. A descriptive research design was employed. The study targeted 95 respondents, comprising 10 senior-level managers, 30 middle-level managers, and 55 departmental heads from the insurance companies operating in Kenya. A census of 95 respondents was conducted. The study used a structured questionnaire. A pilot group of 9 individuals was selected from the target population. Content validity was applied to the study. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was computed for all components of the questionnaire, and their assessment was provided. Descriptive analysis was computed using mean, frequencies, and percentages. Regression analysis tested the relationship between the study variables. The regression model assessed the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The findings were presented using tables and figures. Through regression analysis with a linear model result showed a strong relationship between risk management strategies and performance. The resulting value of regression coefficient at .000 (p<0.05) indicated existence of relationships that were relatively strong. The study thus concluded that performance of insurance companies is dependent on the careful choice or selection of risk management strategies. It is expected the results will benefit various stakeholders, including the government policy makers, Insurance sector players, and academia. Further studies exploring more strategies to manage risks in other entities including other sectors such as the finance sector could be undertaken by scholars
Under Performance; Why Intrapreneurial Strategies and Operating Environment Matter in Fixing Performance of Public Universities in Kenya
(2024-03) Otolo, Margaret K.; Muathe, Stephen M.A.; Kimencu, Linda
The Kenyan government in 2023 unveiled a new funding model aimed at promoting affordable and equal access to higher education as well as breath life to public universities that would otherwise collapse due to financial challenges. Improvements in performance is seen through intrapreneurial strategies and that is the focus of this study. The unit of analysis was 20 public universities and the unit of observation was 400 participants. A combination of descriptive and explanatory research designs was used. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data; which was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis. Multiple regression models were used to test the association between variables. The study found a statistically significant (β-0.620, p=0.000 ......
Resource Allcation and Performance of Housing Construction Project in Kiambu County, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management., 2024-11) Kibagendi, Julius Asuma; Sang, Paul
Housing construction projects are essential for fulfilling basic human needs and generating revenue for developers, drawing significant attention in nations like Kenya. The construction of commercial housing projects is often fraught with challenges such as scope reduction, poor quality, and project delays. A notable example is the auctioning of 25 completed apartment buildings in Thindigua and along Mirema Drive due to excessive finishing costs. Additionally, in March 2022, a five-story building collapsed in Kinoo, Kiambu County. Further tragedies occurred in Ruaka and Seasons Kasarani in November 2022, resulting in loss of life. Structural issues have also been identified as recurring problems. These events prompted an investigation into how different resource alloction impact the successful completion of commercial housing projects in Kiambu County. Between 2019 and 2022, a descriptive research approach was employed to examine 120 completed housing complexes across 12 sub-counties in Kiambu. The majority of the survey participants, 92%, were professionals such as architects, engineers, designers, builders, and subcontractors. The projects were chosen using a stratified random sampling process. To better understand how to optimize projects and manage resources, this study used the frameworks of Resource-Based Theory. Graphs and tables were used to display the outcomes of the data analysis, which included both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that resource allocation significantly influence the performance of housing projects. Key recommendations include the adoption of efficient human resource strategies. Proposed future studies was to expand beyond Kiambu County to explore additional resource management factors affecting project outcomes.
Strategic Planning and Service Delivery at Kenya Power Headquarters in Kenya
(Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 2024) Wanjiku, Elizabeth Muthoni; Njuguna, Videlis Njeri
Purpose:The major objective was to establish howstrategic planningaffectedservice delivery inKenyaPower.The study was based onthe theory of contingency. Methodology:The study employed descriptive design.The target population consisted of 247 managersat various levels (low-level, mid-leveland senior-level) from 11 departments at headquarters of Kenya Power. This studyemployed stratified random sampling techniques to select sample size of 114 staff. The study usedprimary data collection utilizing both openand closed-endedquestionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed and collected using a drop-off and pick-up later method.The quantitative analysis used descriptive techniques such as frequency, percentage, standard deviationsand means. The research also employed linear regression to examine the effect of strategic planning onservice delivery. Findings:The research establishedthat strategic planning (β=0.787; p=0.000)had substantialeffects on service delivery at KenyaPower. Researchconcluded that strategic planningshave significant effects on delivery of services inKenya Power.UniqueContributiontoTheory,PolicyandPractice:The study recommended that Kenya Power's executives should implement training programs for its workers. This would provide employees with the essential skills and abilities needed to improve the quality of service delivered to clients. Kenya Power should also make sure that its goals and objectives are clear and understandable to employees at every level by use of efficient communications.
Corporate Growth Strategies and Performance of Selected Real Estate Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(EdinBurg Peer Reviewed Journals and BooksPublishersJournal of Strategic Management, 2024-11) Osogo, Stephanie Atieno; Maina, Samuel
Purpose: Real estate and properties are emerging everywhere these days. In Nairobi, one will not walk more than ten kilometres before stumbling upon a construction site or a developed residential estate and commercial property. Although this trend is ongoing, the economy has yet to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukrainian war only worsens the situation. Inflation rates continue to rise, and the Kenyan currency continues to depreciate, reducing aspiring real estate owners' demand for real estate and subsequently leading to a decline in the performance of real estate firms. To improve their performance, real estate firms formulate and implement growth strategies. This study aims to determine the effect of strategic alliances on the performance of the selected real estate firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methods: The study is explained by three theories: Resource-based view theory, contingency theory, and Porter’s five forces theory. The research has adopted a descriptive research design but limited to selected real estate firms in Nairobi City County targeting finance leads, sales leads, marketing leads, and operations lead. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to managerial staff in the sampled real estate firms. Drop and pick method was adopted to get the research tools to the respondents. Prior to the main data collection phase, the researcher piloted the study on Cytonn real estate firm on eight of its managerial staff in the different departments to establish the validity and reliability. The researcher conducted the analysis with the utilization of Statistical Package for Social Sciences after coding and cleaning the data collected. Multiple regression was utilized to determine the impact of growth strategies on the performance of real estate firms. ANOVA substantiated the relevance of the regression model that the researcher chose and determined the existence of a significant variation caused by the independent variables. Pearson’s correlation matrix was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Results: Descriptive statistics revealed that leveraging cutting-edge technology had the highest mean score (3.96), indicating its crucial role in enhancing operational efficiency. Strategic alliances geared towards specific goals scored the highest mean (3.42), underscoring the importance of goal-oriented partnerships. Geographic diversification emerged as a key strategy with a mean score of 3.62, highlighting its significance in spreading risk and accessing new markets. There was a positive and significant relationship between the independent variable and the performance of real-estate firms as shown by the significant levels of 0.032 for strategic alliances Conclusion:The analysis indicated significant positive correlations between innovation management strategies, strategic alliances, diversification strategies, and firm performance. Strategic alliances have the strongest correlation with firm performance, followed by innovation management strategies and diversification strategies. The significant relationships suggest that improving these strategies can positively impact performance of real-estate firms in Nairobi city county, Kenya, with strategic alliances being particularly influential.
Strategy Implementation Practices and Performance of Commercial Banks in Nakuru County
(International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2024) Maritim, Cynthia Cheptoo; Bett, Shadrack
Organizational performance entails recurring duties like establishing organizational goals, monitoring progress towards those objectives, and making modifications to enhance their accomplishment in a more efficient manner. Strategy implementation represents a significant phase within an organization; however, existing literature consistently underscores a notable failure rate in the implementation process across numerous organizations. The prevalence of poor performance in banks is attributed to issues such as inadequate coordination, suboptimal structural frameworks, and insufficient personnel proficiency in executing rebranding strategies. As a result, the goal of this study was to look into how Nakuru's commercial banks implemented their strategies and how well they did so. General Systems Theory, Contingency Theory, and Resource-Based Theory served as the study's guiding theories. The study targeted 108 workers from 24 commercial banks in Nakuru County using a descriptive survey research approach. A sample of 54 respondents was chosen using a stratified random selection procedure to assure representation. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain data, and they were chosen for their propensity to do so with little bias and mistake. Pilot research was done in Narok County commercial banks prior to the main investigation. The data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages, frequencies, measurements of central tendency (mean), and measures of dispersion (standard deviation) were examples of descriptive statistics. Correlations were used for inferential analysis of qualitative data. To analyse quantitative data, Version 25 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized. The study found that resources, organizational change, structure, and leadership significantly influence the performance of commercial banks in Nakuru CBD. Effective resource allocation, strategic change management, well-defined organizational structures, and strong leadership positively impact operational efficiency and overall performance. The study recommends investing in employee training, optimizing IT services, and aligning organizational structures with strategic goals. Further research should examine how organizational capabilities and market dynamics shape performance outcomes.
Strategic Alliances and Performance of Commercial Banks in Mombasa County, Keny
(elsevier, 2025) Njue,Dennis Ngari
Local and international cooperation has in the recent past gained significance to most of the organizations. Fostering strategic affiliations becomes fundamental for organizations aspiring to expand their interdependence with established organizations. Recently, forming strategic alliances has become a key objective for numerous firms and in general, these firms seem to lean towards such a direction and as a result, ought to be included in the current conversation where the corporate future is determined by such alliances. The research aimed to establish the strategic alliances and performance of commercial banks in Mombasa County, Kenya with the specific objectives determining the effects of marketing alliances, technological alliances and service innovation alliances on performance of the same. The theories underpinning the study by the Resource Dependence Theory, Agency and Dynamic Theories. Descriptive research was adopted targeting a population of 1170 employees working for the banks within Mombasa county, Kenya. The sample size was determined using Random sampling where a population sample of 93 employees were sampled. Questionnaires was used for data collection and analysis done by descriptive statistics, regression analysis and presented using graphs and tables. Conclusions were derived from the study that marketing, technological and service innovation alliances all impacted performance of commercial banks. Therefore, recommendations were meant to have banks adopt and enhance on the strategic alliances which would in turn improve the performance in terms of profitability, customer satisfaction and gain of market share. Further studies were recommended to be done for other counties and Kenya at large in the future.
Organizational Leadership on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Effect on Strategic Decision-Making in the Digital Era at Airtel Kenya
(Journal International of Business Management, 2024-10) Kakai,Noah Wesonga; Anyieni, Abel
Telecommunication companies play a significant role in information sharing and easing transactions. This is important in improvement of the country’s socio-economic growth and development. However, one of the key players in the sector -Airtel Kenya has reported declining performance, slowed down growth and stagnation. This led to researching on use of artificial intelligence by organizational leaders and its impact on strategic decision-making. The focus era was the digital era and the Airtel Kenya. Through a descriptive research design and targeting respondents working at the regional offices in Nairobi City County, who filled the structured questionnaires. The analyzed data revealed that respondents had strong agreements on role of organizational leadership in encouraging use of AI and impact on strategic decision for the success of Airtel Kenya. The findings show that leadership behaviors such as fostering innovation, providing support, and championing AI initiatives are positively associated with effective AI integration. Organizational leadership on AI accounted for 98.6% change in strategic decision-making processes at Airtel. There was positive and significant impact of organizational leadership on AI at (β = 0.600, p < 0.001) and strategic decision making. The drawn conclusions show that effective leadership is paramount for the effective adoption and utilization of AI technologies in strategic decision-making
Turnaround Strategies and Performance of Private Universities in Kenya
(Reviewed Journal International of Business Management, 2025-04) Toromo, Cynthia Jerono; Mutinda, John
The focus of this study was on turnaround strategies and performance and specifically on management, asset and financial restructuring and staff rationalization as elements affecting private universities’ performance. Stage theory of successful turnaround anchor ed the research as supported by resource - based view theory and the balanced scorecard model. This study adopt ed a descriptive research design and target ed the top five private universities in Kenya based on uni - ranking . The study respondents were principals of colleges and directors , the sample size wa s 83 respondents and 64 filled and returned the questionnaire, making a response rate of 77%. There was collection of primary data from semi - structured questionnaires but the instrument was first pilot tested using 8 respondents from Daystar University . Th e aggregate Cronbach Alpha of 0.788, confirmed the reliability of the instrument as it was above the threshold of 0.7. For the collected quantitative data, descriptive and inferential analysis was done and revealed positive association between the variable s. The findings showed that staff rationalization had the biggest effect on performance of the private universities in Kenya. Management restructuring had the second largest effect to performance, followed by asset restructuring and financial restructuring . For the qualitative data, the conducted content analysis established that respondents agreed that these four types of turnaround strategies affected performance . The study concluded that the top five private universities have adopted and implemented turn around strategies by restructuring its management structure to a leaner and efficient operation system. It has also reduced and laid - off excess number of employees and retained only the most competent and qualified staff to handle different tasks at the un iversity. The study further concludes that restructuring the assets, selling off the assets that are not needed and optimal use of financial resources resulted in high performance in terms of high enrolment and graduation numbers of students. The study rec ommended the custom - making management structure, and recruiting and retaining highly skilled and talented employees to handle different assignments at the university. The recommendations further suggested disposing off obsolete assets and prudent managemen t and use of financial resources for attaining the university’s mandate. It also shows the valu e of private universities and through utilizing the turnaround strategies, the universities can offer quality higher education. Quality graduates will contribute to socio - economic growth and development of the nation through innovations and inventions that can solve the problems facing the general public.
Restructuring Strategies and Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2025-02) Ndanu, Faith Georgina; Karugu, Janesther
This study was conducted in Nairobi City County, Kenya, to examine how restructuring strategies affect deposit-taking savings and credit cooperatives. Specifically, the objectives were to assess the performance of these societies after restructuring their operations, downsizing their organizations, and reforming the governance systems. Stakeholder, institutional, dynamic capability, and contingency theories were incorporated into the study. Based on a descriptive survey design, it examined 39 SACCO's licensed to take deposits in Nairobi. The respondents included all chief executive officers, accountants, credit managers, marketing managers, human resource managers, and the four executive board members of each society, totalling 351 respondents. Data collection instruments was validated for reliability. A descriptive analysis of the data was conducted using mean and standard deviation, as well as an inferential analysis using Pearson correlations. There were tables of frequency distributions, graphs, bar charts, pie charts, and equations displayed on the screen. Operational changes, downsizing, and governance affected DT-SACCO performance in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Within deposit-taking SACCOs in Nairobi City County, Kenya, operations redesign, downsizing, and governance reforms have a significantly positive correlation. Nairobi City County is one of the counties in Kenya where operation rethinking, downsizing, and governance reforms have positively impacted deposit-taking SACCOs' performance. Study recommendations include automating systems, optimizing processes, eliminating redundancies, reallocating jobs, and decentralizing SACCO functions. SACCOS should ensure a lean and effective workforce. Top management team appointment should be meritbased and be done regularly. Top management team roles and responsibilities should be clearly defined. SACCOS should ensure that resources are allocated equally and effectively.
Performance Appraisal Strategies and Performance of Employees in Health Sector in Embu County, Kenya
(The strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2024-09) Njagi, Consolata Marigu; Makhamara, Felistus
The provision of high-quality healthcare relied heavily on the efficient administration of human resources. More research and a shift in emphasis on healthcare HRM were necessary for policy reform. Better results in healthcare service providing on a global scale were only possible with well-executed human resource management techniques. An essential component of every nation's health system was its human resources for health. The health staff's inadequate numbers, subpar care, insensitivity to community and patient needs, high turnover, low morale, unhappiness with job, lack of opportunities for professional growth, negative attitudes, and unsafe working conditions all contributed to poor performance. Researching how healthrelated human resource management practices in Embu County, Kenya, affected worker productivity was the overarching goal of this research. The study set out to establish to find out how different performance appraisal strategies affected health sector employee performance in Embu County, Kenya. Equity theory, human capital theory, and ability, motivation, and opportunity theories were used. A descriptive survey research design was used. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaires from a sample of 81 managers working in Health facilities in Embu County, Kenya. Content, face validity, and reliability tests using Cronbach Alpha were conducted. Data analysis was done through the use of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Data were presented in tables and figures through the use of descriptive measures such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that performance appraisal strategies were perceived moderately, with clear targets but room for improvement in effectiveness. Employee performance assessment indicated challenges in turnover and moderate satisfaction with day-today responsibilities. Alignment of organizational strategies with employee needs is crucial for optimizing performance outcomes in the healthcare sector.
Influence of Selected Sports Tourism Activities on Performance of Registered Tour Operator Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 2024-12) Njoroge, Kamau Joseph; Muthengi, Sisinio; Bitok, Jane
Sporting activities serve as catalysts for promoting development of tour operator firms in most developed and developing countries. However, there are few studies that have been carried out that focuses on sports activities, and how they influence tourism development. This is especially in relation to the effect of sporting activities on performance of Tour Operator Firms in Kenya. This study sought to establish the influence of selected (athletics, ball games, water sports and motor-sports) sporting activities on performance of registered tour operator firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The theoretical framework was both the Intrusion-Reaction and the Core Periphery Models. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and whose target population was 248 individuals made up of 244 leaders of tour operator firms in Nairobi County registered with the Kenya Association of Tour Operators (KATO) as of October 2022, and whose operations are within Nairobi City County. It also included the Director, ministry of tourism and wildlife, County Executive Committee Member in charge of Trade, Tourism and Cooperatives at the Nairobi City County, the Director Kenya Tourism Board, and the Director General Sports Kenya. The sample size was 154 respondents was arrived at through stratified sampling and random sampling. This study used semi-structured questionnaire and key informant interviews as tools for primary data collection. To uphold research ethics, respondents filled the questionnaires anonymously while data obtained was handled with utmost confidentiality. The study used data analysis techniques that are favorable to both quantitative and qualitative methods. Where necessary, the data analysis was supported by Statistical Software for Statistical Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Output of data analysis has been presented in tables and graphs. Though most TOFs are never involved in athletics, there are those who participate in local athletics and in international athletics activities once or twice a year. It is same in ball games but often in local events and to a lesser extent on international events, 3 to 4 times year. On motor sports those involved and them that participates do so rarely mostly at international level at less than 2 times in a year. TOFs involvement in water sports is mostly rarely and often at international level than local at a frequency of less than twice a year. There were other sports TOFs were involved though this were not the majority. Majority of TOFs do branding and advertising during sport events often, and are aware of the branding and advertising opportunities presented by sports events Most relevant games to them are ball games, darts, motorsports, scuba, snorkeling and watersports- dhow safari, though none of these sports were outrightly substantially favored by the firms, and the resultant income is mostly from local activities when compared to international activities. Athletics is positively correlated to TOFs performance and the relationship is statistically significant at r 0.05 Motor sports is directly correlated to TOFs performance but the relationship is not statistically significant at r>0.05. Water sports is directly correlated to TOFs performance and the relationship is statistically significant at r
Strategic Implementation Practice and Performance of NonGovernmental Organizations in Juba, South Sudan
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Advanced Studies (IJIRAS), 2024-11) Otwako, Pascal Okumu; Anyieni, Abel G.
In management research, the effect of strategic implementation practices on organizational performance has gained attention, particularly in the context of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In a demanding context such as Juba, South Sudan, where political instability and scarce resources are common, comprehending these dynamics is crucial to enhancing operational efficiency and accomplishing sustainable development objectives. Although nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are essential in meeting South Sudan's socio-economic needs and addressing humanitarian crises, empirical studies examining the impact of strategic implementation practices on NGOs' performance are scarce. The research project aimed to investigate the influence of strategic implementation techniques on national NGOs' performance in Juba. The study specifically investigated how strategic leadership, resource allocation, efficient communication, and cross-functional coordination affect NGO performance in the area. Three main theories served as the foundation for the investigation: the performance theory, the upper echelon theory, and the resource-based view theory. The main instrument for gathering data was a questionnaire that was directed at project managers, country directors, monitoring, evaluation, and learning officers, human resource officers, and project officers. Yamane's (1967) sample size formula was used to choose a representative sample for data collection. A test project with national NGOs was conducted in western Kenya to evaluate the accuracy and dependability of research tools. Descriptive statistics, such as averages and standard deviations, were used in conjunction with inferential statistics, like linear regression, to examine quantitative data. Performance within the organization was positively connected with resource allocation. The study suggested adopting flexible budgeting processes to adapt to organizational needs, conducting regular cost-benefit analyses, assessing workforce needs, promoting employee engagement and retention through competitive compensation and advancement opportunities, and aligning employee skills with tasks for optimal resource utilization. Proper documentation and communication of this framework are essential for maintaining consistency in governance practices.
Payment Automation and Profitability of Mwalimu National Deposit Taking Sacco, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance (IAJEF), 2024-10) Boaz, Chamakany Lemaswan; Mbuva, Geoffrey
DT-SACCOs are a sub-set of the mainstream cooperative society and carry paramount importance in economic growth and poverty eradication through creation of employment opportunities to many individuals in the country. The conceptual link between payment automation on profitability of DTSACCO firms is still unresolved. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of payment automation on profitability of Mwalimu National DTSACCO, Kenya. The underpinning theories to the study included and not limited to diffusion of innovation theory and technology acceptance theory. The study used causal research design. Mwalimu National DTSACCO alone was representing the study population whereby survey was used to collect data from the 18 branches across the country. To collect data, a drop and pick approach was relied upon whereby all the structured questionnaires were distributed to research participants who are the top officials of Mwalimu National DT-SACCO. Data was analyzed using both correlation and multiple regression methodology. The research findings revealed that payment automation influenced the profitability of Mwalimu National DT-SACCO in adverse manner which was statistically significant. Mwalimu National DT-SACCO top management will benefit from the research findings for the amounts of financial resources available or budgeted for automation of payments will be optimally allocated to only those lines which are of value addition. SASRA as an agency of government will coincidentally take advantage of the outcome of this interrogation for the conceptual viewpoint addressed herein pinpoints areas of payment automation policy making to create user-friendly enabling environment to encourage advancement in technology amongst the DT-SACCOs This study is one of its kind in the academic frontier for the theoretical concerns of the connection between payment automation and profitability of firms is a foundation to further establish whether there exists moderating or intervening factors that can be of influence of the current model in this study. Keywords: Payment Automation; Profitability; Mwalimu National DT-SACCO

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