RP-Department of Business Administration

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Managing Change: A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Performance of Fund Management Companies in Kenya
(African Journal of Emerging Issues (AJOEI), 2025-03) Muli, Ruth Mwikali; Muathe, Stephen Makau
Statement of the Problem: Fund management companies in Nairobi City County primarily focus on traditional financial performance metrics while paying limited attention to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations. Purpose of the Study: This study aimed to assess the impact of strategic change management approaches on the sustainable performance of fund management firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Research Methodology: The study adopted an explanatory research design, targeting 42 fund management firms with a total workforce of 252 employees in key functional areas. A sample of 156 respondents was selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. Results: The findings indicated that training, stakeholder participation, and effective communication significantly and positively influenced the sustainable performance of fund management companies. However, rewarding change champions did not have a statistically significant effect. Among the key factors, effective communication emerged as the most influential, underscoring the importance of transparency, clear messaging, and collaboration in sustainability efforts. Conclusion: The study concludes that fund management companies seeking to enhance their longterm performance and competitiveness should prioritize structured change management strategies. Employee training, stakeholder engagement, and clear communication are crucial drivers of sustainable performance. Recommendations: The study recommends that fund management firms develop comprehensive training programs to equip employees with sustainability knowledge, establish participatory stakeholder frameworks to foster inclusivity, and adopt clear and transparent communication channels to enhance change implementation.
Credit Appraisal Parameters and Asset Quality of Microfinance Banks in Kenya
(2025-09) Wamboi, Kamau Redempta
Microfinance banks play an important role in the provision of a wide range of financial services and products. However, they have been struggling with huge volumes of increasing NPLs which negatively affect their performance. The general objective of the research was to determine the effect of credit appraisal parameters on asset quality of microfinance banks in Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the effect of borrower’s character, capacity, credit rating, credit history and collateral on asset quality of MFBs in Kenya. The research was underpinned on information asymmetry theory, transaction cost theory, theory of credit scoring and the 5 c’s model of client appraisal. The findings reveal significant relationships between credit appraisal parameters and asset quality in MFBs in Kenya. Borrower's character, capacity, credit rating, credit history, and collateral all exhibit positive coefficients, indicating that improvements in these areas are associated with better asset quality. Specifically, borrower's character, capacity, credit rating, credit history, and collateral exhibit coefficients of -0.354, -0.135, -0.163, -0.216, and -0.311, respectively, all significant at p < 0.05. These findings underscore the importance of robust credit appraisal processes in mitigating credit risk and maintaining asset quality within MFBs. Therefore, the study recommends enhancing borrower assessment mechanisms, including character evaluation, capacity analysis, credit rating procedures, credit history reviews, and collateral valuation, to progress asset quality management in Kenyan Microfinance banks.
Budgeting Techniques and Quality of Financial Reporting in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Zenodo, 2025-03) Obonyo, Brian Tirimba; Kimutai, Caroline
Every economy sector places a premium on financial reporting quality, which draws heavily from other functions within an organization. Nairobi County's financial reporting, however, has reportedly been of low quality due to bad financial choices, ineffective operations, stakeholder mistrust, and lost opportunities. Therefore, this study ascertained how budgeting techniques affects quality of financial reporting of Nairobi City County Government in Kenya. It evaluated influences of incremental, activity based and zero-based budgeting on quality of financial reporting. Theory of budgeting, resource-based view and complexity theories served as theoretical reviews. The study's framework was a descriptive study design. Responses were drawn from one hundred and twenty-two (122) directors, internal auditors, finance officers and accountants of finance and economic planning department of Nairobi City County Government in Kenya. Stratified sampling approach was employed in selecting ninety-three (93) responders who made up sample size with Yamane sample size formula. This study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing structured questionnaires to gather primary data. To ensure the robustness of the findings, the research instruments underwent a rigorous assessment of reliability and validity. Findings unveiled that incremental budgeting insignificantly and positively affect the quality of financial reporting; activity-based budgeting provided a significant and positive effect on the quality of financial reporting while zero-based budgeting unveiled an insignificant positive effect on the quality of financial reporting in Nairobi City County. The study concludes organizations should prioritize the implementation of activity-based budgeting practices to enhance their financial reporting quality effectively. The survey recommends that Nairobi City County should actively promote the adoption of activity-based budgeting practices throughout the organization.
Turnaround Strategies and Performance of national Hospital Insurance Fund in Kenya
(2024-10) Chebet , Geraldyne; Obere, Eliud
The objective of this study was to ascertain the impact of turnaround strategies on NHIF's performance in Kenya. The study specifically sought to determine the effects of repositioning, financial restructuring, organizational and market redefining turnaround techniques on NHIF's performance in Kenya. A census survey was conducted. Data1were1collected1through semi-structured questionnaires for primary data and published reports for secondary data. A pilot study was conducted on 10% of respondents, ensuring content, construct, and convergent validity. Quantitative1data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 for inferential and descriptive1statistics, while content analysis was employed for qualitative data. Participants were provided with contact information for clarification, and their consent was obtained. Clear instructions outlining the study's purpose and voluntary participation were included in the questionnaire. The study revealed that Financial Restructuring (r = 0.831) had a supportive role, with a non-significant direct impact (β = 0.267, p = 0.175). Reorganization (r = 0.758) significantly improved performance (β = 0.674, p = 0.002). Repositioning (r = 0.863) had the strongest impact (β = 1.244, p < 0.001), while Market Redefinition (r = 0.736) also significantly boosted performance (β = 1.310, p < 0.001). The study therefore concluded that while financial restructuring provides a necessary foundation, reorganization, repositioning, and market redefinition are critical drivers of NHIF's performance improvement. Repositioning, in particular, was found to have the strongest positive effect, underscoring the importance of strategic renewal. The study hence recommended that NHIF should integrate financial restructuring with other strategies, prioritize reorganization efforts to enhance efficiency, refine its repositioning strategies to maintain market presence, and explore new market opportunities. Continuous adaptation and strategic refinement are essential for sustaining long-term success.
Monitoring & Evaluation Practices and Performance of County Funded Health Projects in Mombasa County, Kenya
(2024-08) Makau, June Mathei; Kiarie, Francis K.
In so far as they promote equitable economic growth and sustainable development, countyfunded health programs have a positive impact on the county's economic and social development. The monitoring and evaluation of health projects, particularly in the County governments are not completed on time despite significant resources allocated to their implementation and despite the fact that these projects significantly improve the lives of community members, necessitating an intervention. According to the literature currently available on County Integrated Development Plans, Mombasa County has a high number of health initiatives that have been started since 2014 and an equivalent number of these projects that have stalled or failed completely. The main cause of this stalling or failure has been posited as the absence of a system for monitoring and providing feedback on the projects' implementation and development. A monitoring and evaluation system can offer an intervention. Therefore, the goal of this study is to ascertain how monitoring and evaluation procedures affect the effectiveness of countyfunded health projects in Mombasa County. The study’s specific objective is to ascertain how the effectiveness of county-funded health projects in Mombasa County is affected by stakeholder participation. Cross-sectional research design was used for the study. The target population, and hence the unit of analysis of the study were 32 county-health projects in Mombasa County. Through stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 102 respondents was selected. The sample respondents comprised mainly key members of project implementation committee. The study was anchored on stakeholder theory and program theory respectively. Primary data for the study were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and applied pick-and-drop procedure. Cronbach's alpha testing was applied to test for reliability of the data collection instrument. Further, both descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis were carried out. For descriptive statistical analysis, findings were presented using tables and graphs as appropriate. Ordinary Least Squares Diagnostic tests, were carried out before the multiple regression modelling. Cronbach alpha coefficient above the threshold of 0.7 was obtained for all the explanatory variables of the study. This implied reliability of the data collection instrument. Results from the multiple regression model showed that resource allocation was statistically significant at α = 0.05 level of significance. More specifically, stakeholder involvement was found to have a predictive power on County -health projects stakeholder involvement (β = 0.438, t = 2.201, α = 0.035). Drawing from the study findings, it is concluded that stakeholder involvement posited predictor variable for county-health projects’ performance is statistically significant and sufficient for such project management decision making. Further, and arising from the findings, the study recommends that emphasis and efforts be made on robust stakeholder involvement for better performance of such projects
Working Capital Management and Profitability of Tea Factories Managed by KTDA in Kirinyaga and Embu Counties – Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-07) Njagi, Peninah Nyaguthii; Gitagia, Francis
The current study seeks to establish the effect of working capital management and profitability of tea factories in Kirinyaga and Embu Counties, Kenya. The overall objective of the current study was to ascertain the effect of working capital management and profitability of tea factories in Kirinyaga and Embu Counties, Kenya. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of working management practices on profitability of tea factories in Kirinyaga and Embu Counties, Kenya. The research was anchored on pecking order theory, transaction cost theory, financing advantage theory, and cash conversion cycle. The study found the existence of a strong and positive correlation between Average payment period, Average Collection Period, Inventory turnover, and Cash Conversion on financial profitability of tea processing factories. Average payment period helps to manage WC since delays in bill payments is an approach that can help factories to access cheaper or competitive sources of funds. There was a positive correlation between inventory turnover and profitability performance in tea factories. Efficient and effective management of inventory enables business survival, profit maximization, and an efficient management of working capital. The study established a positive association between accounts receivable and profitability performance among tea factories, where a unit change in Average Collection Period has a positive change on profit performance in tea factories. Effective management of accounts receivables results in enhanced liquidity that enables tea factories to meet and realize their financial commitments and equally be able to seize opportunities emerging in the market. In conclusion, there is a positive relationship between Average payment period and profitability. Credit collection policies that enable low Average Collection Period will ensure healthy cash flows and enhanced liquidity position for the firm. Effective and efficient management of receivables results in the increase of firm size, sale, and enhanced liquidity. Inventory turnover negatively impacts profitability performance in tea factories, while efficient inventory management and effective control helps in achieving adequate operational results and lessening investment in working capital. Consequently, the study recommends that: factory firms should maintain optimal levels of financial leverage Tea factories must create a credit collection policy detailing the practices and procedures to be applied by the factories to achieve outstanding AR. Tea factories should generally maintain Average payment period higher than Average Collection Period to lessen investment in receivables, meet short time obligations and minimize cost of funds
Project Management Capabilities and Sustainability of Water Projects Funded by Embu County Government, Kenya
(2023) Mbogo, M. G.; Kyalo, J.
This study investigated the influence of project management capabilities and sustainability of water projects funded by the Embu County Government, Kenya. The study sought to determine the influence of resource allocation, stakeholder participation, management commitment, and digital inclusion on the sustainability of water projects funded by the Embu County Government, Kenya. The resource-based view, stakeholder theory, agency theory, and the technology acceptance model were used to underpin the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted targeting 6 water projects with a target population of 167 project administrators, members of committees from these projects, local leaders, and operating staff from water projects being implemented by Embu County. The sample size of 100 respondents determined scientifically will be selected through stratified random sampling. Primary data was gathered using a structured questionnaire that will have undergone pilot testing. The findings established that that resource allocation, management commitment and digital inclusion have a significant impact on sustainability of water projects. Finally, stakeholder participation does not influence significantly on sustainability of water projects. The study concludes that appropriate resources deployment during project management is critical in ensuring that project is completed with the quality that was intended. Project management team must involve all the stakeholders for successful implementation of the project. Management commitment and sustainability of water projects are intertwined together and hence staff training, competitive reward and career progression is critical in successful project performance. Finally, digital inclusion is important during project management because it enables personnel in information sharing, data analytics as well as communication
Workforce Diversity and Organizational Performance of Faith-Based Organisations in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2024-11) Ochieng, Milkah Akinyi; Kamau, Sarah Achsah
Faith-based organizations community members who perform a significant part in the economic prosperity and progress of their neighborhoods; however, these faith-based organizations have also reported low-performance outcomes and inefficiencies in delivering on its mandate. There has been cases of biases, stereotypes, and disagreements which make the workplace unfit and record poor performance. This study focused on workplace diversity to improve organizational performance. The main objective was to assess how workforce diversity affects organization performance in the faith-based organizations in Nairobi City County. The study was guided by the following objectives to examine the effect of gender diversity, age diversity, ethnic diversity and educational diversity on organization productivity of the faith-based organizations. The study was grounded on balanced scorecard and supported by social categorization theory, similarity-attraction theory and institutional theory. The study used descriptive research design and cross-sectional approaches. The target population entailed the 18 registered faith-based organizations that operate in Nairobi City County. Through purposive sampling method, the study obtained a sample size of 90 respondents which includes one head of human resource, head of programs, regional/branch coordinator and two field officers for each of the faith-based organizations. From the 90 respondents, only 74 filled and returned the semi-structured questionnaires such that the response rate 82.2%. The questionnaire was first pilot tested using 9 employees working at The National Council of Non-Government Organizations headquarter offices. An aggregate Cronbach Alpha values of 0.781 confirmed fitness of the instrument as the scores were higher than the threshold of 0.7. The descriptive analysis showed that respondents agreed that components of workforce diversity improved performance in the faith-based organizations. Inferential statistics through correlation analysis showed that age diversity (r =.548), ethnic diversity (r =.707) and educational diversity (r =.778) all had positive and significant effect to performance, while gender diversity (r =.478) was moderately affected to performance of the faith-based organizations. The regression analysis showed that 52.9% change in performance was influenced by workforce diversity components. The findings also showed that educational diversity had the largest effect to performance at (β =0.516), followed by ethnic diversity at (β =0.494), then gender diversity at (β =0.355) and lastly age diversity with (β =0.309). The study concluded that workforce diversity with aspects of gender, age, ethnic and educational diversities led to improved performance outcomes in the Faith based organizations. The study recommended to the human resource managers to gain more skills and knowledge on how to handle employees drawn from diverse backgrounds. To improve performance, the study also suggests forming divergent work teams having a combination of old/young or educated/semi and uneducated/ both genders and all ethnicities wrapped in an open organizational structure. The study was found to be significant to Human Resource Practitioners and the leadership in the Faith Based Organizations in gaining an understanding of how to improve performance of its employees, whilst embracing different employee workforce diversity aspects and still holding on faith demands.
The Impact of Strategic Planning on Organizational Performance in Kenya's Seed Manufacturing Firms
(2024-04) Chebwai, Geofrey; Kinyuru, Reuben
This study investigates the influence of strategic planning on the organizational performance of Seed Manufacturing Firms in Kenya, a critical segment of the country's agricultural sector. Despite the acknowledged importance of strategic planning in enhancing organizational performance, empirical evidence on its impact within the Kenyan seed manufacturing context remains scarce. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from performance metrics with qualitative insights from industry professionals, to provide a comprehensive analysis of strategic planning practices and their outcomes. Findings indicate a significant positive correlation between the extent of strategic planning adoption and various performance indicators, including market share growth, financial stability, and innovation capacity. The study underscores the importance of systematic strategic planning in navigating the complex and competitive landscape of the seed manufacturing industry. Implications for theory suggest an adaptation of existing strategic management frameworks to the unique contexts of emerging economies. For practitioners, the research highlights critical areas for strategic focus to enhance competitive advantage and long-term sustainability. This study contributes to the strategic management literature by offering empirical evidence from the under-researched context of Kenyan seed manufacturing firms, providing valuable insights for both academics and industry practitioners
Credit Risk Management and Profitability of Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance (IAJEF), 2025-03) Ayieko, Vincent Nyakweba; Aluoch, Moses Odhiambo
The connection between credit risk management and profitability in Kenyan commercial banks is a significant issue, as the financial health and profitability of these institutions have been adversely affected by elevated non-performing loans. Thorough credit assessments and strong risk mitigation strategies are necessary for preventing defaults and maintaining stability; however, they can also result in decreased lending and lower revenue from interest income. The Kenyan banking sector faces a delicate balance between managing credit risk and maintaining profitability, which is further complicated by the country's fluctuating economic growth rates and political uncertainties that can exacerbate credit risk, leading to higher provisions for loan losses and reduced profitability. Lending remains the main purpose of commercial banks, making it the main cause of credit risk. Therefore, it is crucial for banks to reduce their exposure to credit risk in order to ensure their continued operation. The aim of this research was to analyse how credit risk management impacts the profitability of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Its main goal is to determine how credit approval, collateral policies, credit limitations, and solvency impact the profitability of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. It was based on four theories: adverse selection theory, asymmetric information theory, credit risk theory, and lending credibility theory. Descriptive research design was utilized. The target group consisted of the 38 commercial banks located in Nairobi City County of Kenya according to the Central Bank of Kenya Report (2023). A census was conducted due to the population being fewer than 100 individuals. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data, while a data collection sheet was used for secondary data. The analysis was assisted by a multiple regression model. Various assessments were conducted, such as autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, normality, and stationarity tests. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed significant insights into the components of credit approval, with borrower character and collateral being crucial factors. Regarding collateral policies, a strong belief in the link between asset quality and profitability emerged; highlighting that high-quality collateral enhances bank profitability. In terms of credit restrictions, there was a strong consensus on the importance of borrower payment history in determining credit eligibility, with stringent restrictions seen as a means to improve profitability by reducing default risks. The study concluded that that effective credit approval processes significantly enhance the profitability of these banks. Given the positive effect of credit approval on profitability, it is recommended that the management of commercial banks implement comprehensive credit approval processes that rigorously assess borrower character and financial history. While this study examined the impacts of credit approval, collateral policies, credit restrictions, and solvency on profitability, future research could investigate the interaction effects of these factors in greater detail.
Technical Efficiency of Railway Transport System in Kenya: A Case of the Standard Gauge Railway Transport System
(African Journal ofEmergingIssues(AJOEI), 2025-02) Ndung’u, Francis M.; Mugendi, Charles Ndegwa
Market Penetration Strategy and Performance of Bakeries in Nairobi City County
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2024-11) Mbogo, Donald; Waithaka, Paul
Demand for bakery products has realized a consistent growth over the recent years due to innovation in bakery products, rising need for healthy products and convenience of baked goods as key components of breakfast meals. This has prompted emergence of many bakeries in the country and more so, in Nairobi City County. As a result of the increased level of competition, there is need to explore growth strategies that bakeries may utilize to succeed in the market. The study objective was to examine how market penetration strategy influences bakeries’ performance in Nairobi City County. This study engaged descriptive and explanatory research designs and targeted 271 employees at different levels within the organizations being 30% of 904 employees sampled from eight selected bakeries in Nairobi City County. A questionnaire having both closed & open-ended questions was developed and administered via a method of drop and pick later. Questionnaire was first piloted to determine its validity by establishing whether the questions measured the expected theorized variables through construct, face and content measurements. In addition, reliability was determined using Cronbach Alpha statistical test giving a greater value than 0.7 indicating that the questionnaire used to collect data was reliable. Collected data was quantitative as well as qualitative. Under qualitative data, content analysis was used and presented using themes and narratives; whereas quantitative data presented in tables and charts was analysed by inferential and descriptive statistics. Findings of the study showed a strong and significant positive relationship between market penetration strategy and performance of bakeries in Nairobi City County at 95% confidence level, and at P-value =0.000b . In conclusion, it’s recommended that Bakery management should consider sending sales team to look for more market, adjusting prices to sell more, introducing loyalty programs to retain customers and placing attractive displays to generate more sales revenue and total output turnover. A suggestion that further studies be conducted in the country and even regional level for the Government of Kenya and bakery shareholders to understand more on how to sustain the bakery sector for a greater economic impact and sustainability. In addition, it is hoped this study will be significant to bakeries’ management, new entrants in the baking industry, health and consumer policy makers, academicians, and researchers.
Generic Strategies and Competitive Advantage of Maize Seed Companies in Kirinyaga County – Kenya
(IJARKE Business & Management Journal, 2024) Ndegwa, Michael Mwangi; Maina, Samuel
To achieve competitive advantage, maize seed companies must navigate a dynamic and disruptive commercial landscape characterized by intense competition. . This study aimed to investigate the effects of generic strategies on competitive advantage on maize seed companies in Kirinyaga county, Kenya. The research objectives were to investigate the effect of cost leadership strategy, differentiation, distribution, and channel strategy and focus strategy on competitive advantage of maize seed companies in Kirinyaga county. The study was anchored on resource-based view theory and competitive advantage theory and adopted descriptive research design. The target population was 24 registered maize seed companies in Kenya. Samples were drawn from middle level managers from sales and marketing, finance and strategy, research and development and production departments. Four staffs from every company making a total of 96 respondents were purposively sampled. Questionnaires were used to collect data and research questions were prior subjected to validity and reliability test to ensure they met the required standard. Data collected was analyzed by both descriptive analysis such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and inferential analysis such as correlation and regression coefficient. Information derived was latter displayed in tables and figures. The key finding of the study showed that cost leadership strategy, differentiation, distribution, and channel together with focus strategy were widely used by maize seed companies in Kirinyaga and they had a positive influence on competitive advantage of these firms with regression coefficient of r=0.612, r=0.244, r=1.008 r=0.043 respectively. The findings revealed that distribution and channel strategy had greatest influence on competitive advantage of maize seed companies while focus strategy had the least influence on competitive advantage. The study recommends that maize seed companies explore their evolving cost economics and makes use of various methods to differentiate their products and services while strengthening their distribution network ensuring they obtain much information on their customers to understand their needs when and where required.
Total Quality Management Practices and Performance of Insurance Companies in Embu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Bett, Joy Cherotich; Waithaka, Paul
Insurance companies offer a crucial role in the in Kenyan economy by funding projects, enabling financial security and capital creation. Despite the crucial role, the market entry of insurance is low in Kenya being 2.7 percent compared to 6.28 percent global average. The sector has also been reporting poor performance and declining returns with some of the firms being put under statutory management while others have collapsed. This study aimed to determine how total quality management methods affect insurance company performance in Embu County, Kenya. The study specifically evaluated the impact of process approach, customer focus, continuous improvement, and fact based decision making on performance. Quality management, Kaizen and Balanced Scorecard theories guided this study. Descriptive design was utilized and 182 employees of all the 13 insurance companies operating in Embu County, Kenya were surveyed. The study sample size was 125 respondents and primary data was used. The findings showed that insurance companies have adopted quality management techniques, which had a beneficial effect on improved performance. In particular, the inferential results showed that the performance of insurance companies was positively and significantly affected by continuous improvement, client focus, process approach, and fact-based decision making. The study concludes that insurance companies' performance is positively impacted by quality © Author(s) Licensed under Creative Common Page 270 management practices. The study suggests that in order to improve performance, the enterprises should implement total quality management practices. The study recommends policymakers to develop regulations that guarantee insurance companies embrace and use quality management methods
Operational Practices and Performance of Selected Textile Firms within Export Processing Zone Athi River, Kajiado County, Kenya
(Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2024-09) Malala, Ayub; Muthimi, Janet
Kenya's garment and textile business encounters numerous challenges which arise from the continuous decrease in the spending power of the majority population, resulting in reduced demand for textile items. Furthermore, the country is vulnerable to intense competition in third markets from well-established manufacturing economies such as China, as a result of inexpensive imports and the removal of quotas following the expiration of the Agreement on Textiles and Clothes. This, study sought to examine operational practices and performance of selected textile firms within Export Processing Zone Athi River, Kajiado County in Kenya. Specifically, the study investigated the impact of organizational systems approaches, innovation approaches and stakeholder involvement practice on performance of selected textile firms within Export Processing Zone Athi River, Kajiado County in Kenya. Using descriptive research design, a total of 29 Export Processing Zone Businesses in Athi River, Kajiado County, made up the research population. The sample size of 213 was drawn from a population consisting of 457 staff that were administrative staff, the research made use of a stratified simple random sampling design. The data collection method involved use of questionnaire for primary data source which were subjected to validity and reliability tests. The inferential techniques were used to determine central tendency metrics like the standard deviations and study mean and std. deviation. Finally, conducting regression and correlation analysis to compare variables. Using a statistical tool for social science to analyze data rendered the analysis less complex. For the purpose of making the comprehension of the quantitative data as straightforward as possible, tables were utilized. From the analysis, among selected textile firms within export processing Zone, a positive and statistically significant correlation ((β)=0.217, t=3.874, p
Digital Transformation: Is There Any Link with Market Performance of Pharmaceutical Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kenya
(American Social Science Society, 2024) Githua,Martha Njeri; Muathe,Stephen Makau
The business-operating environment in Kenya and especially in the City County of Nairobi has caused a large number of pharmaceutical Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises report profit warnings and thus experience performance issues. Data from the World Bank for the previous two years indicate pharmaceutical MSMEs operating in Kenya have seen a decline in profits and stagnation. The study therefore sought to establish the effect of digital transformation elements, including e-procurement, e-marketing, e-payment, and telemedicine, on the market performance of pharmaceutical Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research examines the limited understanding of how these digital technologies influence market performance, particularly in the pharmaceutical MSME sector. The study employs a cross-sectional descriptive research design, surveying 122 MSMEs from an initial target population of 175, selected through proportionate and simple random sampling. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha with a threshold of 0.7. Quantitative data were analyzed through multiple regression and correlation analysis to determine the strength of the relationships between variables. The results reveal that e-procurement, e-marketing, e-payment, and telemedicine significantly and positively affect market performance. The findings suggest that these digital strategies enhance procurement efficiency, marketing outreach, financial transactions, and healthcare service delivery, ultimately improving the market performance of pharmaceutical MSMEs
I-Tax System Capabilities and Revenue Collection by Kenya Revenue Authority
(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance, 2024-09) Achibo, William Okochi; Wanjohi, Festus M.
Information technology advancements are revolutionizing business interactions and taxation, enabling real-time integration across tax regimes. The digitalization of taxes is dominating countries, and tax authorities must be at the forefront of offering guidance to taxpayers on policy direction on taxation and technology. Technology has enabled tax authorities to manage tax administration and enhance their performance in terms of tax collection using quality data, established systems, and employee technical skills efficiently and effectively. However, the inability to attain the tax revenue targets from collected revenue is still a challenge that the tax authorities are facing, despite the Kenyan Revenue Authority indicating an upward trajectory in revenue collection. The general objective of the study was to examine the iTax system’s capabilities and revenue collection by the Kenya Revenue Authority, focusing on the following specific objectives: tax registration, tax efficiency, tax compliance, and tax knowledge. The study was anchored on the technology acceptance model, neoclassical theory, and resource dependence theory. The target population was six million taxpayers. Using simple random sampling, 400 taxpayers were considered, of whom 287 filled out the questionnaire, translating to a 71.8% response rate. Primary and secondary data were gathered. The central tendencies of variables were measured using a descriptive statistic. The results from the inferential statistics were presented in tabular form, graphics, and charts. The study revealed that revenue collection was significantly influenced by tax registration, tax efficiency, tax compliance, and tax knowledge. The study concluded that tax compliance highly influences revenue collection, followed by tax efficiency, tax knowledge, and tax registration. Both variables had a significant positive correlation with revenue collection. The study recommends the need for the Kenya Revenue Authority to enhance tax compliance through ensuring accuracy and accountability of iTax-generated reports and onboarding more taxpayers into the iTax system to increase revenue collection against the targets. The enhancement of tax education in formal institutions, conducting training, and formulation of the Data Protection Act were suggested.
he Influence of Budget Planning on Financial Expenditure: Evidence from Tier One Commercial Banks in Nairobi County, Kenya
(International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting, 2024) Maina, John Karanja; Waweru, Fredrick Warui
This study examines the influence of budget planning on financial expenditure among tier one commercial banks in Nairobi County, Kenya. The research was grounded in Agency Theory. Using a descriptive survey design, data was collected from 112 respondents across six tier one banks. The study employed correlation and regression analyses to investigate the relationship between budget planning practices and financial expenditure. Results indicate a strong positive correlation between budget planning and financial expenditure (r=0.684, p<0.01). Regression analysis revealed that budget planning significantly influences financial expenditure (β=0.327, p<0.05),explaining 32.1% of the variance. The findings suggest that effective budget planning practices lead to improved control over financial expenditure in tier one commercial banks. This study contributes to the understanding of budgetary control practices in the Kenyan banking sector and provides practical implications for bank management
Strategic Leadership and organizational Performance in Wajir County Government, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2025-02) Ali, Bishar Kalif; Njuguna, Reuben Kinyuru
This study investigated the influence of strategic leadership on organizational performance in Wajir County Government in Kenya. In particular, the study sought to examine the influence of strategic direction, human capital development, ethical practices and effective organizational culture on organizational performance in Wajir County Government. The study was underpinned on the transformational leadership theory, the trait leadership theory, the path-goal theory of leadership, the human capital theory, deontological and teleological ethical theories, the Denison’s organizational culture model as well as the balanced scorecard model. The study employed a survey research design. It targeted 655officials/staff holding various senior and middle level management positions in the County Government of Wajir including the elected Members of County Assembly. Stratified sampling technique was considered where 248 county officials/staff holding the said positions took part in the study. Primary and secondary data was gathered through a semi- structured questionnaire and a secondary data collection template respectively. In analyzing the data, descriptive analysis as well as inferential analysis was undertaken. Multiple linear regression model was fitted. The study established that strategic direction, human capital development, ethical practices and effective organizational culture positively and significantly influenced organizational performance in Wajir County Government. Among the recommendations of this study was that the county government’s leadership and management should hold regular and continuous open and consultative meetings with all county staff where the county government’s mission, long-term vision, strategic goals and priorities as well as the county master plan are articulated or reiterated. Lobbying for incremental and adequate budgetary allocations towards the implementation of regular and continuous staff capacity building programs by the human resource department was also recommended. It was also recommended that the county government’s leadership and management should exploit a combination of sanctions and incentives to inculcate and maintain an ethical culture in the county government by steering voluntary or enforced adherence to ethical codes of conduct, core values and laid down ethical policies and standards
Effect of Marketing Innovation Strategy on Performance of Youth Enterprises Development Fund, Kenya
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2024-01) Muhuhi, Daniel K.; Kavinda,Lucy
This research assessed how marketing innovation affect performance of Youth Enterprises Development Fund, Kenya. By examining marketing innovation, the study aimed to offer recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of YEDF in supporting youth entrepreneurship and mitigating youth unemployment in Kenya. This research adopted a descriptive survey and explanatory research design to investigate the influence of marketing innovation on the performance of YEDF. A census approach was used due to the manageable number of respondents. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires administered to employees in various categories. A pilot study was conducted to identify and rectify any flaws in the measurement procedures and questionnaire design. Validity tests were carried out to ensure that the measures accurately represented the intended concepts, while reliability tests assessed the consistency of the results. The findings indicated that Marketing Innovation Strategy significantly enhances organizational performance. Findings revealed that marketing innovation strategies are crucial for enhancing YEDF's competitiveness, especially through new distribution channels and advertising methods, Recommendations include enhancing product design to align more closely with customer needs, investing in advanced digital process innovations, developing new products to explore untapped markets, and fostering greater employee involvement in innovation initiatives through formal platforms. The study recommended prioritizing improving product design within its marketing innovation strategies. While progress has been made through new advertising methods and market expansion, enhancing the design and functionality of its products can significantly increase their appeal and usability.

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