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Item Strategic Management Practices and Strategic Performance of Residential Construction in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Kanini, Elizabeth MumbiDespite ongoing efforts, Building projects for public housing in Nairobi City County, Kenya frequently fail to meet strategic objectives. This study investigates how strategic management practices affect project performance. Using Decision Theory, Resource-BasedView Theory, and Stakeholder Theory, the study investigates how public entities make strategic decisions in planning, resource allocation, and contract selection. It investigates how projects can successfully leverage their unique resources and capabilities while taking stakeholder needs into account. The overall goal intends to assess how strategic management techniques affect public residential construction performance. The research will assess the impact of strategic planning treats that are informed by decision-theory principles on project success, resource scheduling as per the resource-based view is helpful for project outcome, stakeholder-oriented strategic funding leads to project results, effective communications through the project life cycle attribute to performance, and control and assessment practices are related to project performance and accountability to stakeholders. The study shall use a descriptive research design with a stratified random sampling technique and will include 145 participants from different public residential construction projects. The scope of the study will include those involved in project implementation such as strategic managers, supervisors, engineers, and contractors. Data collection will be done through questionnaires, and a pilot study will be conducted for validity and reliability. The study shall use a descriptive research design with stratified random sampling technique involving 145 respondents drawn from different public residential construction projects. These will include strategic managers, supervisors, engineers, and contractors. Data will be collected by questionnaire, a pilot study will be carried out for validity and reliability. Following with data cleaning and coding, quantitative data analysis will be conducted using SPSS software. Information will be outlined via summary statistics (frequency, proportion, average, and dispersion). A multivariable regression framework will evaluate the link between strategic administration methods (predictor variables) and project success (outcome variable). The findings will be displayed in tabular and graphical formats. This research seeks to identify the key strategic administration methods fostering enhanced success in state-financed residential building projects within Nairobi City County. The conclusions are anticipated to shape policy and implementation for improved targeting and greater efficacy of public housing endeavors.Item Stakeholder Engagement and Service Delivery in the National Police Service Commission, Nairobi City County, Kenya(EdinBurg Peer-ReviewedJournals and BooksPublishers, 2025-11) Kinuthia, Antony; Wambua, PhilipThis paper examines the implications of stakeholder engagement on service delivery in the National Police Service Commission (NPSC), Nairobi City County, Kenya. The NPSC is mandated with recruitment, promotions, welfare management, and disciplinary processes of police officers. This mandate directly influences public trust and service delivery outcomes. Despite this critical role, the NPSC continues to face persistent challenges in engaging stakeholders effectively, thereby leading to inefficiencies, delays, and diminished public trust. This study investigates the implications of stakeholder engagement on service delivery in the NPSC, Nairobi City County, Kenya. A mixed-methods design was employed, targeting NPSC civilian staff, police officers of varying ranks, and community representatives. The target population comprised NPSC staff, police officers of various ranks, and community representatives. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical analysis revealed that stakeholder engagement had a strong positive and statistically significant relationship with service delivery outcomes at the NPSC (r = 0.612, p < 0.001; β = 0.461, p < 0.05). This indicates that enhanced stakeholder participation directly improves transparency, accountability, and responsiveness in service delivery. These findings are consistent with Kaito and Njoroge (2023) and Biwott and Nyamwanya (2023), who found that inclusive engagement mechanisms significantly strengthen public trust and institutional performance in policing organizations. The study concludes that deepening stakeholder engagement is central to strengthening public trust in police oversight institutions. The study’s recommendations emphasize the need for more robust participatory mechanisms, while suggesting further research on technology-enabled stakeholder engagement practices.Item Effective Utilization of Coconut Palms for Sustainable Income Generation among Entrepreneurs in Kilifi District: A Case of SMEs in Kaloleni Division(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2025-11) Kitili, Boniface Mutia; Ogutu,Mark; Kavinda, Lucy; Gongera,GeorgeDespite the abundance of coconut palms in Kenya’s Coast Province and the crop’s importance as Kilifi District’s main cash earner, it remains a highly underutilized resource. Most residents view coconut palms merely as sources of fruit, palm wine, firewood, and roofing materials, leading to minimal value addition or industrial exploitation. Hence, this study examined the effective utilization of coconut palms for sustainable income generation among entrepreneurs in Kilifi District focusing on SMEs in Kaloleni Division. This study adopted a descriptive research design using survey methods such as observation, structured interviews, and focused group discussions to collect data. The findings reveal that many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have not realized the full potential of coconut palms in producing a variety of value-added products that could significantly enhance income levels and improve living standards. The study therefore sought to determine how coconut palms can be effectively utilized for sustainable income generation by identifying existing constraints, potential business opportunities, and the support services required to stimulate enterprise development in the sector. The study concludes that low product prices, limited access to reliable markets, lack of capital, and inadequate awareness of regulations governing palm wine production are the major barriers affecting utilization of coconut palms. The study recommends the establishment of village-based cottage industries to promote local value addition and employment. The government and development organizations should collaborate to build the capacity of selected service providers who will, in turn, train other entrepreneurs at lower costs. Formation of cooperatives and farmer associations should be encouraged to strengthen bargaining power, promote marketing, and facilitate access to financial and technical support. Local investors should be identified and assisted in adopting technologies for producing non-traditional coconut products such as coconut oil, fibre-based crafts, and cosmetics. Enterprise development organizations should lead efforts to implement these interventions, ensuring that coconut palms are fully exploited as a sustainable source of income and rural economic growth.Item Nexus between Strategic Planning Practices and Service Delivery: An Evaluation of Nairobi City County Government, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-03) Ochenge, Jennifer Moraa; Maina, SamuelThis study was carried out to examine the effect of strategic planning practices on service delivery of Nairobi City County Government, Kenya. The study used a descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 32 Senior directors, 264 departmental managers and 42,730 operations staff in ten departments in Nairobi County government. The sample size was determined through Yamane (1967) sampling formula to have 30 senior directors, 159 departmental managers, and 396 operation staff in ten departments. A pre-test study was done in Kiambu County government whose respondents comprised of 3 senior directors, 16 departmental managers, and 40 operation staff in the ten departments. Validity was measured through content, construct, and criterion validity while Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was used to measure reliability. Analysis of quantitative data was done using SPSS software. The results implied that there was a positive and significant relationship between strategic planning practices variables and service delivery. The study found out that the county government had still not yet been able to overcome corruption threats effectively when developing strategies being formulated. There was unsupportive reward structure demotivating the required management staff from enhancing efforts to come up with unique strategies that could spur excellence service delivery. Increased political influence still interfered with the incorporation of the strategies to the operations. Budgets in support of the set goals were insufficient to validate on the need for developed strategies hence negatively affecting the amounts of allocated resources. The county government leadership should ensure that there is consistent training made to the strategic management on how to effectively develop strategies. The county revenue board should develop clear strategies that aim at allocating some percentage of the revenue to support the rewarding structure on most effective strategies. Management should develop clear work policy that seeks to separate politics and the management of the county government. The county government’s leadership should develop more training on articulate methods of budgetary preparation that is supported by facts.Item Health Insurance Schemes Financing and the Healthcare Insurance Uptake in Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-05) Kariuki, Nicholas Wachira; Koori, JeremiahThis study intends to establish the effects of various forms of health insurance schemes financing on health insurance uptake in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study included; to establish the effect of direct private health insurance schemes finance, to determine the effect of employment-based health insurance schemes finance and to establish the effect of social health insurance scheme financing on health insurance uptake in Kenya. The study sort to investigate the moderating effect of government policy on the relationship between health insurance scheme financing and health insurance uptake in Kenya. The study was underpinned by Moral Hazard Theory, Information Asymmetry Theory, Purchase Behaviour Theory and Expected Utility Theory. This study used descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 23 insurance companies that provide health insurance schemes and the national health insurance fund. Due to the small number of target population, census technique was used. The study applied longitudinal research design. Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was adopted and used secondary time series data spanning from 1980 to 2023. Secondary data was obtained from certified financial statements of the health insurance companies. Descriptive statistics focused on frequency distributions, measures of central tendencies and variability. The inferential statistics included correlation results, Autoregressive Distributed Lag outcome, ttests, f-test and test of hypotheses. Data presentation used textual, tabular, graphical and charts. The findings have established that direct health insurance scheme financing has a positive and significant effect on health insurance uptake in Kenya. The results showed that employment based health insurance scheme financing had no effect on health insurance uptake in Kenya both in the short term and in the long run. Social health insurance scheme financing was found to have a positive and significant effect on health insurance uptake in Kenya. Government policy had moderating effect on the relationship between health insurance schemes and health insurance uptake in Kenya. The study has recommended that the government should put proper system to increase direct private health insurance scheme financing. The government should also institute policy to consolidate different health insurance scheme financing with different premiums for effectiveness and equity.Item Risk Management Strategies And organizational Performance of Deposit Taking Saccos in Kiambu County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-05) Murungi, Doris Kagendo; Muchemi, AnneROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES ON PERFORMANCE OF PETROLEUM COMPANIES IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA PDF CHARLES GITONGA JUSTUS, EVANGELINE GICHUNGE, PhD, DOROTHY KIRIMI, PhD COMPENSATION STRATEGIES AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA PDF CAROLYNE MURENGA NYUKURI, JEDIDAH MULI, PhD CASH FLOW FORECAST AND GROWTH OF FAMILY-OWNED SMALL ENTERPRISES IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA PDF MOHAMAD ABDIRAHMAN, MOSES KITHINJI, DOREEN MUTEGI ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MAIZE PRODUCTION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS TO ENHANCE FOOD SECURITY IN BUNGOMA-NORTH SUB COUNTY PDF MERCY NAFULA KOMBE, ROSE ONAMU, PhD, WAMOCHA LYDIA, PhD ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN DEPOSIT TAKING SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA PDF ALICE MWIKALI MULI, DAVID KIIRU, PhD PROJECT PLANNING AND PROJECT PERFORMANCE. EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM LIVESTOCK PROJECTS AT INTERNATIONAL LIVESTOCK RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KENYA PDF SABINA GITAU, ROSEMARY JAMES, PhD RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT TAKING SACCOs IN KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA PDF DORIS KAGENDO MURUNGI, ANNE MUCHEMI, PhD STRATEGIC DRIVERS AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN PDF NOP NYARUOT KUR YAY, DAVID KIIRU, PhD EFFECT OF OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN NSE LISTED FIRMS IN KENYA PDF STEVE KAHENYA NGETHE, MARY MWANZIA, PhD, ABRAHAM ROTICH, PhD, JOHN KARIHE, PhD CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON OVERCOMING EMPLOYEES’ RESISTANCE TO CHANGE: EVIDENCE FROM THE CEMENT & AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY OF AN EMERGING ECONOMY PDF MUBINUL ISLAM, RASEL HUSSAIN, MIRZA FAHIM AHMED THE INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUALIZED CONSIDERATION ON THE INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF TVET COLLEGES IN THE NAIROBI METROPOLIS, KENYA PDF BENSON KAMAU NGWIRI, CIRIAKA GITONGA, PhD, PATRICK WAMBUA MULE, PhD IMPACT OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT ON EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOUR: A CASE STUDY OF GHANA SCHOLARSHIPS SECRETARIAT PDF SETOR YAW ADANUVOR CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN KENYA PDF AMY NDUNGE VUNDI, LUCY KIRIMA, PhD, JOHN KAMAU, PhD TEACHERS’ ENGAGEMENT AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 2017 POLICY ON EDUCATION FOR THE HEARING-IMPAIRED CHILDREN IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA PDF JOSEPHINE MBENYA MWAU, FELIX KIRUTHU, PhD STRESS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN PUBLIC HEALTH FACILITIES IN THARAKA NITHI COUNTY, KENYA PDF LILIAN W. NJARAMBA INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP ON KENYA’S FOREIGN POLICY PDF MERCY MAKENA MBOGORI, JOSHUA MILUWI, PhD, MOSES KITHINJI EFFECT OF LIQUIDITY RATIO REQUIREMENTS ON PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE PDF DISHON KIIO, MOSES KITHINJI, BARBARA NAMIINDA INFLUENCE OF RELIGION ON TERRORISM IN MOMBASA COUNTY KENYA PDF JAMES VICTOR OCHIENG, JOHN OMBOTO, PhD, GEORGE OYOMBRA, Ph This research investigated the effect of risk management strategies on organizational success of DT-SACCOs in Kiambu County. Research design for the study was explanatory and descriptive. The unit of observation was all 14 DT-SACCOs in Kiambu County while the unit of analysis consisted of all 126 heads of department. A census study was used. The risk avoidance (β=0.0311, p=0.002), risk reduction strategy (β=0.0405, p=0.003), risk transfer strategy (β=0.0297, p=0.002) and risk retention strategy (β=0.0506, p=0.004) were found to have a positive significant impact on the success of DT-SACCOs in the County of Kiambu, Kenya. The study concluded that a risk avoidance strategy streamlines processes and implements best practices leading to improved operational efficiency, reducing costs and enhancing service delivery to members. A strong risk reduction strategy demonstrates a commitment to safeguarding members' investments which strengthen trust and loyalty among members, resulting in higher retention rates and attracting new members. Risk transfer strategy enable DT-SACCOs to maintain a more stable financial position which is crucial for building trust among members and attracting new clients, ultimately leading to increased deposits and lending activities and retaining risk enable the DT-SACCOs to develop a deeper understanding of their risk profiles, allowing for more informed decision-making and better management of financial resources. The study recommended that it was necessary to conduct comprehensive risk assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities within the DT-SACCOs. The DT-SACCOs should adopt advanced technology solutions that can significantly improve risk management through the use of data analytics and risk management software to monitor financial health, assess creditworthiness, and detect fraudulent activities in real-time. DT-SACCOs can enhance their risk transfer strategies by diversifying their investment portfolios and collaborating with insurance companies can provide DT-SACCOs with tailored insurance products that cover specific risks and the DT-SACCOs should focus on educating members about financial management and risk awareness can enhance their understanding of cooperative's operations.Item Project Planning and Project Performance. Empirical Evidence from Livestock Projects at International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-05) Gitau, Sabina; James, RosemaryProject managers rely on performance metrics to stay on track and achieve their objectives, providing valuable insights for implementers, funders, practitioners, and researchers. However, at International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Kenya, only 60% of undertaken projects were completed on schedule, within budget, meeting customers satisfaction and quality standards hence indicating a 40% failure. The research focused on project completion within schedule as it considered standards to completion of projects. This study sought to find out how influence of project risk planning, scope planning, time management and financial resource planning influence the performance of livestock projects at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Kenya. Critical Chain Project Management theory, Theory of Constraints and Theory of Change are the theories upon which the study was premised. A descriptive research design was adopted in this research as it presents aspects that are related to the research accurately, additionally, helping in obtaining quantitative and qualitative data for developing accurate predictions regarding the problem. Two hundred projects at ILRI were targeted with 152 Key Informants including project managers and their assistants, monitoring and evaluation officers, project leaders, project coordinators and project financial managers. A sample Size of 110 respondents was used having applied Yamane formula. Stratified random sampling was used to provide a representative picture of the entire population with each strata respondent randomly sampled. Collection of primary data was undertaken by questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used for data analysis. The study used standard deviation, mean score and frequencies in descriptively analysing the data. Inferential analysis involved multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation. Analysis of variance determined whether the model was appropriate for the purpose. For ease of data interpretation, graphs and tables were utilized for display. The study revealed that effective planning and resource allocation together with structured risk mitigation, Improved Project Scope Planning by implementing standardized management procedures, centralized framework and proactive strategies to risk management, robust financial resource planning with regular audits and training of project managers, and time management with standardized tools and training would improve the success rates of livestock projects at ILRI and shown with strong mean and standard deviation between variables justifying the strength of this relationship.Item Democratic Leadership, Firm Lifecycle Stages, and Survival of SMEs in the Healthcare Sector in Nairobi, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-05) Muli, Muthiani Ben; Kilika, James M.; Oduor, BeatriceThe focus of the study was to investigate the moderating effect of firm lifecycle stages on the relationship between the dimensions of democratic leadership and survival of SMEs in the healthcare sector in Nairobi. The research process was guided by pragmatic research philosophy and adopted explanatory sequential mixed method research design. Data collection was done in two phases, fist starting with quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. For the quantitative phase, study used a target population of 1438 licensed healthcare facilities in Nairobi falling under the SME category. Through multistage random proportionate sampling, a sample of 626 leaders holding senior management positions in the healthcare facilities was drawn. Qualitative data was collected from a sample of 12 senior leaders holding the ownership or CEO positions. Structured questionnaires were used for collecting quantitative data while interview protocols with semi structured were used for qualitative data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data applied systematic thematic analysis. The findings of the study indicated that democratic leader behaviors had a negative significant effect on SME survival, while democratic workplaces and democratic stewardship had positive and significant effects on SME survival. Firm lifecycle stages were also found to significantly moderate the relationship between democratic leadership and SME survival. The study concluded that the components of democratic leadership significantly predicted survival of SMEs. It also gave several recommendations that future research could consider.Item Nexus between Integrated Marketing Communication Strategies and Market Performance of Registered Pharmaceutical Companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-05) Wanjiku, John Ndungu; Maina, SamuelThe pharmaceutical firms contributed merely 4.6% of the Kenya’s exports share despite importing an average 60% of pharmaceutical products between 2017 and 2021. The pharmaceutical firms in Nairobi occupy the largest market share (78%) of the drugs manufactured, and distributed in the Country. Pharmaceutical firms in Nairobi hold the largest market share in Kenya’s drug manufacturing and distribution, growing from 68% to 82% between 2017 and 2021, with customer numbers rising from 38 million to 46 million. However, retention declined from 48 million in 2019 to 46 million in 2021 due to rising competition. This study explores how integrated marketing communication strategies; direct marketing, advertising, sales promotion, and personal selling affect their market performance. Grounded in relevant marketing and management theories and using a descriptive design with data from 90 sampled firms. The study recommends that pharmaceutical firms in Nairobi City County prioritize strategic sales promotions, such as discounts, coupons, and loyalty programs, tailored to local market dynamics. It also urges the adoption of focused direct marketing using consumer and healthcare professional databases for personalized outreach.Item Risk Response Approaches and Project Delivery among Non-Governmental Organizations in the Humanitarian Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-05) Nyongesa, Fidelis Menasi; Ngugi, LucyThis research examined the influence of risk responses on project results in humanitarian sector in nongovernmental organization (NGOs) in Nairobi City County, Kenya. A descriptive research design was used for a population of 1,252 humanitarian NGOs in Nairobi. 125 NGOs were randomly selected of which humanitarian project of one organization was investigated. Data collection underwent use of structured questionnaires administered to 375 respondents, project managers and technical staff. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 24, which made use of descriptive and inferential analysis. Results established that mechanisms of transferring risk, such as legal contracts, hiring of experts, and insuring contracts, detached the uncertainty and financial risks and, therefore, made project delivery possible. Security inspection, emergency planning, and structured plans, greatly reduced project failures. Control measures against risk like identification, classification, and regular risk assessment enhanced project performance through early remedies on likely challenges. A series of multiple linear regression analysis found that all of the four risk response strategies significantly affected project delivery. Risk control and risk communication was the most significant parameter for project success whereas risk retention had least effect. The research confirmed the NGOs’ higher level of project success based on effective risk management planning; better cost-effectiveness, punctual completion, and better-quality outputs. This study makes a meaningful contribution to the body of knowledge of risk management in project implementation and will also be useful to NGO managers and policymakers, as well as donors. The findings suggest that NGOs should find means of continuously positively improving risk management systems and enhance risk control measures through risk transfer and prevention. Future studies are recommended on practice integration of emerging risk management technologies such as artificial intelligence and predictive analytics for NGO project management.Item Portfolio Diversification and Profitability in Selected Commercial Banks in Kenya(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance (IAJEF), 2025-02) Mutinda, Daniel Maweu; Aluoch, Moses OdhiamboThe global trend in commercial banking profitability has taken a hit, especially in the 2023 economic climate. It is intricate to control a bank’s portfolio efficiently, concurrently decrease income, lower risks and be bound to managerial and policy constraints. The main problem undertaken by this study was that of the gap that exists in the study of diversification in a portfolio and gainfulness of commercial banks in Kenya. Whereas diversification was seen as a strategy to mitigate risks and enhance profitability, there was limited empirical evidence of its influence on Kenyan commercial banks’ profitability. Numerous studies undertaken in Kenya and beyond have examined portfolio diversification. However, there is still a gap in understanding the direct association pitting variation strategies and the success of Kenya-based commercial banks; to seal in the existing literature gap; the study thus sought to investigate the effects of portfolio variation on the gainfulness of Kenya-based commercial banks. The study's general objective was to investigate the influence of product and service variation on the monetary profitability of Kenya’s these financial entities. Four particular objectives guided this study: to uncover the effect of sectorial credit, revenue, deposit diversification and diversification of venture on the gainfulness of Kenya commercial banks. This analysis intended to determine the regulating influence of bank vastness on the link pitting banks’ multiplication of portfolios and their monetary profitability in Kenya. To guide the study, monetary linkage and delegated monitoring theory, modern portfolio theory, and shiftability theory were used. The study targeted the money-related data for all 39 commercial banks in Kenya from the year 2018 – 2023. The study further conducted an empirical review of previous literature to identify study gaps. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were used, with data collection methods being secondary sources for quantitative data. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive statistics; regression analysis was done to scrutinize the impact of portfolio diversification on monetary profitability. Tests for normality, linearity, independence, and homoscedasticity were done before doing regression. The confidentiality and anonymity of participants were upheld and the data was only accessible to the researcher and the supervisor. Regression analysis revealed that sectoral credit diversification, deposit diversification, investment diversification and income streams diversification are all positive and significant. Bank size moderates the relationship between portfolio diversification and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. The study highlighted the need for further research on the long-term sustainability of diversification strategies, especially in Kenya's banking sector. The study suggested that banks in Kenya should adopt effective loan recovery strategies, consolidate credit information, and cautiously diversify income streams to avoid financial risks. Strategic investments in government securities, real estate, and market securities are recommended. Further research is needed on sectoral creditItem Financial Risks and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance (IAJEF), 2024-11) Malalu, Mable Sophie; Njoka, CharityDespite the implementation of comprehensive risk management systems by commercial banks, the banking sector incurs financial losses. Commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Security Exchange are experiencing declining financial performance. Financial risk management is regarded as a metric for assessing the performance or failure of a financial organization. It has been neglected in recent a long time. The main objective of the study is to ascertain the effect of financial risk on the financial performance of commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya and will be measured by return on equity. This study was based on Merton's Default Risk Model, Agency Theory, Shiftability Liquidity Model, and Risk Management Theory. Explanatory research design was used for study. The sample is 11 listed commercial banks being focused from the year 2018 to 2023. The data collecting sheet was employed to amass the secondary data. The ethical considerations were observed to. The variables were analysed using IBM SPSS Version 25. Tests for multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, correlation, regression as well as the Hausman test were established. The findings on credit risk indicated that the mean Non-Performing Loans Ratio is 11.062% which show moderate negative correlation between credit risk and financial performance of listed bank at (r=0.324; p=0.0016). Operational risk results indicated a strong positive and significant association between operational risk and financial performance(r=0.758 and p=0.00168) while liquidity risk showed that the mean of loan to deposit ratio is 72.847% and a weak positive correlation relationship between liquidity risk and financial performance (that r=0.0652 and p=0.003).From the finding the study conclude that credit risk, operational risk and liquidity risk has significant influence on financial performance of listed commercial banks. The study recommends that banks should engage in continuous monitoring of credit portfolios, invest in capacity building for enhanced risk management capabilities. Banks should conduct regular comprehensive risk assessments, invest substantially in technology for robust IT systems, and engage in scenario planning to anticipate and address potential operational risks. In addition, the listed banks should diversify funding sources, employ advanced risk modelling for robust liquidity risk managementItem Influence of Advertising on Consumer Purchasing Decisions in Selected Supermarkets within Nairobi County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-04) Rasugu, Winnie Moraa; Wanjira, JaneThis research assessed the influence of advertisement on customer purchase decision in supermarkets within Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research was anchored on the Attention, Interest, Desire and Action, Satisfaction Theory. The research was conducted in Nairobi City County utilizing a descriptive research approach. The targeted audience for the research was all the customers for all the 165 supermarkets presently operational in the County from which 50 supermarkets were selected. The research sample size was 400 respondents. A structured questionnaire was utilized to gather primary data. The research executed a pilot test of the questionnaire with 26 participants selected from two supermarkets, who were excluded from participating in the final research. Data was analyzed by utilizing descriptive statistics and inferential statistics which were regression analysis and correlation analysis. The results were displayed in charts, tables, and graphs. The research found out that advertising as a marketing promotional campaign attracts customers’ attention and increases brand awareness which boosts product sales and revenue. Therefore, advertising has a beneficial and substantial impact on customer purchasing decisions in selected supermarkets in Nairobi County. On the basis of the mentioned results, the study recommended that it is important to cut unnecessary costs like those of employing assistants to shoppers since they have no influence on the customer purchase decision.Item Competitive Strategies and Organizational Performance of Five-Star Hotels in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-09) Aberi, Lorna; Wanyoike, RosemarieThis study investigated how competitive strategies associate with the effectiveness of five-star hotels in the city of Nairobi. This study was conducted with all eleven five-star hotels that had been registered with the Tourism Regulatory Authority (TRA) as of the initial three months of 2020. Two five-star hotels in the county of Nairobi were forced to shut down amid the Covid-19 outbreak of 2020. The researcher used census methods to ensure that all members of the limited and manageable-sized population were included in the analysis. A survey was conducted in which participants provided their answers to predetermined questions with the intention of collecting data. The questionnaire was designed to include both open and close-ended questions, and a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) served as the guide to record the responses. The research employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition to analyzing quantitative data with descriptive statistics (e.g., means and standard deviation), the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) also examined the same data and presented it in a tabulated format, bar charts, and graphs. The findings showed that costs leadership had a very huge influence in improving the effectiveness of the five-star hotels. The results also showed that applying various product differentiation strategies helped to create an appealing image to the target clients. It was noted focus strategies had minimal albeit positive impacts on the selected hotels. Since they had positive impacts on the performance of these hotels, they were considered to be at the centre of the five-star’s hotels expansion plan. Since the three specific objectives were met, it was concluded that the applied competitive strategies had a direct relationship with the effectiveness of the selected hotels in the Kenyan capital.Item Internal Control System and Financial Performance of Garissa Water and Sewerage Company in Garissa County, Kenya(International Academic Journal of Economics and Finance, 2022-11) Hussein, Amina Issa; Mbuva, GeoffreyWater companies play a vital role in supplying the clients/citizens with the right quantity and quality of water and related services. However, according to water companies key performance indicators, Kenya's best score fell 20 points from 183 in 2016/17 to 163 in 2017/18. The fact that just 24% of utilities received a 50 percent grade is cause for worry in the water industry, as the legislation demands that all utilities with a license be financially viable. Garissa Utility Company was among the three worst performing utility with 16 points from a possible 200 points. Gawasco reported increase in operations and maintenance costs from 26.7M in FY 2014-2015 to more than 30M and 35M in the FY 2016-2017 and FY 2017-2018 respectively. The trend in the level of risks handling, monitoring procedures and policies is worrying. The goal of this research was to see how the internal control system affected Gawasco Ltd's financial performance. The specific objectives were to identify the impact of the internal control on Gawasco Ltd's financial performance in Garissa County, Kenya; the impact of management control on Gawasco Ltd's financial performance in Garissa County, Kenya; the impact of communication and information on Gawasco Ltd's financial performance in Garissa County, Kenya; and the impact of risk evaluation on Gawasco Ltd's financial performance in Garissa County, Kenya. The study was informed by the theories of agency, stewardship, and institution. The approach employed was descriptive research. Employees of Garissa Water and Sewerage Company Limited were the focus of the investigation. The study used census data since the population was tiny. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data, which was then evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods. Tables and figures were used to create descriptive and inferential statistics, which were then presented. The results of the study revealed that the control environment has a statistically significant impact on Garissa Water and Sewerage Company's financial performance (= 0.716, P = 0.001). It was also shown that control efforts had a statistically significant impact on Garissa Water and Sewerage Company's financial performance, as evidenced by ( = 0.338, P = 0.007). Furthermore, information and communication were shown to have a statistically significant impact on Garissa Water and Sewerage Company's financial performance ( = 0.411, P = 0.010). The study also discovered that risks assessment has a statistically significant impact on Garissa Water's financial performance. Finally, monitoring activities were found to have statistically significant influence on financial performance of Garissa Water and Sewerage Company as shown by (β = 0.741, P = 0.003). Based on the findings, the study recommends Garissa Water and Sewerage Company to diversify their control measures related to authorization of transactions (control activities) and compliance level (control environment). These could be done through assigning duties to individual employees based on their competence and training. The results could also be improved through successful customer service plans, which will identify both their "at risk" and most valuable clientsItem Compensation Practices and Employees’ Performance in the Insurance Companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-03) Ali, Masoud Mohamed; Kiiru, DavidThis study researched on the effect of compensation practices on employees’ performance in the insurance companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study used the descriptive research design. The target population was drawn from a pool of insurance companies operating in Nairobi. The stratified random sampling method was employed in picking the sample size of 162 units from the target population of 270 units. The employees in the human resources, finance and sales departments of the insurance companies in Nairobi constituted the earmarked respondents to this study. This current study employed primary quantitative data which was collected via questionnaires. Several diagnostic tests such as the test for normality, linearity, autocorrelation and multicollinearity were carried out in this study. The study revealed that salaries and wages, professional allowances, individual incentives and fringe benefits had a positive significant effect on employees’ performance. The study concluded that offering competitive salaries helps attract top talent in a highly competitive industry. Professional allowances alleviate the financial burden of job-related expenses, leading to higher job satisfaction. Personalized incentives resonate more with employees, as they reflect individual preferences and values leading to higher levels of motivation and engagement, as employees feel their unique contributions are recognized and valued. The study recommended that the companies should conduct regular market surveys to ensure that salary offerings are competitive with industry standards. The companies should implement a structured bonus system tied to individual and team performance metrics. The companies should develop programs that reward employees for achieving specific performance metrics, such as sales targets or customer satisfaction scores. The companies should offer a strong health plans that cover a wide range of medical services, including mental health support.Item Risk Management Strategies and Performance of Selected Telecommunication Firms in Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-09) Kivuva, Enock Kimongo; Langat, NahashonThis study examined the interplay between risk management strategies—specifically, revenue assurance protocols, antimoney laundering measures, business continuity planning, and risk transfer methodologies—and the operational performance of Kenya’s telecommunications industry. The theoretical foundation of this research was anchored in Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) Theory, Prospect Theory, Contingency Theory, Agency Theory, and the ResourceBased View (RBV) Theory. Adopting a descriptive survey research design, this research sought to systematically gather and analyze data pertaining to individuals, corporate entities, operational environments, and prevailing phenomena. Data were collected from 154 respondents across Kenya’s three leading telecommunication providers—Safaricom, Airtel Kenya, and Telkom Kenya—using structured, self-administered questionnaires. A stratified sampling technique ensured broad representation across managerial levels. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27, applying both descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to examine the relationships between the identified risk strategies and organizational performance. The findings revealed that all four risk management strategies had a positive and statistically significant effect on the performance of telecommunication firms. Revenue assurance emerged as the most influential predictor, indicating that robust financial monitoring and reconciliation systems substantially enhanced profitability and operational control. AML practices were also significant, contributing to compliance, customer trust, and service integrity. Business continuity frameworks were found to strengthen resilience and reduce service disruptions, while risk transfer mechanisms—such as insurance and strategic partnerships—were shown to reduce exposure to adverse operational events and improve overall firm stability. The study concluded that an integrated approach to risk management is essential for enhancing organizational performance in Kenya’s telecommunications sector. It recommended that firms invest in advanced revenue assurance tools, automate AML systems, regularly update business continuity plans, and formalize risk-sharing arrangements. Moreover, regulators were encouraged to establish crosssectoral guidelines that reflected the evolving financial and technological roles of telecom providers. This research provided critical insights for industry practitioners, policymakers, and scholars. It contributed to theory and practice by empirically demonstrating the value of strategic risk management in a high-risk, technology-driven industry.Item Innovation Strategies on Organization Performance among Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-09) Magara, Biko Mochama; Waithaka, PaulThis research analyzed the influence of innovation strategies towards organization performance of commercial banks. Specific objective entails evaluation of effects of product innovation, process innovation, market innovation, and technological innovation towards organization performance. Research was informed by Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory, the notion of disruptive innovation, and the balanced scorecard model. A descriptive study design was used as the research methodology. The research concentrated on the 42 commercial banks authorized to operate in Nairobi city County, Kenya. The intended responses included financial executives, operations leaders, product and marketing chiefs, and ICT directors situated at the banks' headquarters. The sample size consisted of 84 respondents. The researcher employed the basic random sample approach to choose responders from each strata. The pilot project distributed 8 questionnaires to bank managers to evaluate their correctness, completeness, and comprehensibility. Cronbach's alpha was employed to evaluate dependability of research tool, with coefficient of 0.7. The data gathered was analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were the mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage distribution tables. Inferential statistics used regression analysis in ascertaining relationship between study's variables. The assessed quantitative data was displayed in tables and graphs. The research revealed that innovation strategies favorably and significantly affect organization performance of commercial banks in Nairobi city county, Kenya. The research concluded that commercial banks should adapt innovation strategies such as product, process, market and technological innovation strategies to improve organization performance. The study recommended that commercial banks managers identifies market and technological innovation strategies which would lead to product and process innovation to satisfy new and existing customer needs which leads to improvement to organization performanceItem Project Integration Management and Performance of Building Construction Projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-08) Keseko, Elizabeth K.; Tumuti, JoshuaThis study assessed the effect of project integration management on the performance of building construction projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The theoretical framework was anchored in the systems theory, the stakeholder theory, and the Kotter’s eight-step model. The unity of analysis constituted 140 building construction projects across the Nairobi Eastern Boruogh Sub Counties. The study adopted the Yamane formula sampling 104 project managers as respondents selected using the purposive sampling approach. Data was collected using questionnaires. 11 respondents were randomly selected for a pilot study in Embakasi West Sub County to ensure the instruments' reliability and validity. Reliability was measured at 0.721 using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to identify correlations between the project integration management practices and project performance. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 28 and results presented in tables and figures. Findings revealed a positive significant relationship between the project integration management practices: stakeholder management, resource management, change management, communication management and the performance of building construction projects in Nairobi City County. The overall linear regression model was a good fit:[(F0.05 (4, 93) = 14.209, p < 0.05), r=0.807, R2=0.65]. The findings established that 65% of changes in the performance of Nairobi City County building construction projects were attributed to variation in project integration management practices employed. The research indicated that most projects were completed within their budgetary provisions and stakeholders were satisfied with the final project outcome. However, there was evident uncertainty as pertains to projects being completed within the set time schedules. The study concluded that project integration management is crucial towards the performance of building construction projects. The study recommended that project managers, project supervisors and all project stakeholders should adopt all project integration management practices to enhance the overall performance of building construction projects and that policymakers should prioritize the development of comprehensive project integration systems and training programs to strengthen project performance. The researcher suggests further research on the impact of technological advancements in project integration management strategies on project outcomes.Item Management Competencies and Performance of Health Projects Funded By Nairobi City County, Kenya(Strategic Journals, 2025-08) Kyalo, Irene Nthenya; Kyalo, JosphatThis research ascertained the effect of management competencies and success of health projects funded by Nairobi City County, Kenya. Descriptive and inferential research design was utilized in this research. The target audience was 12 completed health projects with 180 staffs. Stratified random sampling was employed to determine a sample size of 80 respondents. Structured questionnaires were distributed to respondents to obtain data. The SPSS was utilized for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, variance, and correlation was employed to illustrate the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to demonstrate the link between research variables. The questionnaire's validity was assessed via Content validity, Construct validity, and Criterion validity. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was utilized to assess reliability. The study found that the managerial communication (β=0.0152, p=0.002), interpersonal skills (β=0.0417, p=0.003), decision making (β=0.0612, p=0.004) and problem solving (β=0.0338, p=0.003) had a favorable significant influence on the success of health projects funded by Nairobi City County. The study concludes that effective managerial communication enhances collaboration among team members, leading to improved coordination in health projects financed by Nairobi City County. Interpersonal skills facilitate effective communication among team members, ensuring that everyone is on the same page regarding project goals and objectives. Effective decision-making significantly enhances the performance of health projects funded by Nairobi City County by ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently and strategically. Fostering collaboration among stakeholders, including government agencies, NGOs, and community members, to create more effective health solutions. The research recommends that the County should carry out an in-depth analysis of the communication strategies employed by managers to convey information about the performance of health initiatives supported by Nairobi City County. The County should focus on developing active listening techniques to better understand community needs and concerns during health initiative meetings. The County should implement stakeholder engagement strategies to gather diverse perspectives and insights that can inform the evaluation and performance assessment of health initiatives. The County should develop a comprehensive training program for health workers to enhance their analytical skills and decision-making processes.