RP-Department of Business Administration

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Service Automation, Data Analytics and Digital Payment Solutions: The Future of Competitive Advantage of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2025-07) Musau, Nelly Nthenya; Muathe, Stephen Makau
In an era of rapidly evolving technologies, the banking industry in Kenya must adopt digital transformation to enhance competitiveness and improve customer experience. This study examined the effect of digital transformation strategies on the competitive advantage of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya, with a focus on three key dimensions: service automation, data analytics, and digital payment solutions. Theoretically, grounded in the Generic Competitive Strategies Framework, the Resource-Based View, the Dynamic Capabilities theory, the Technology Acceptance Model and the Diffusion of Innovation theory, the study employed a descriptive research design targeting 412 functional heads across 39 commercial banks stratified by size. A multi-stage sampling approach that combined proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques was used to select a sample of 203 participants determined by Yamane’s formula. Primary data were collected through structured surveys, with the research instrument validated by subject matter experts among 15 respondents to ensure reliability. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient confirmed internal consistency (threshold ≥ 0.7). Data analysis utilised descriptive and inferential statistics, with findings presented visually for clarity. Results demonstrated that service automation, data analytics and digital payment solutions strategies significantly influenced competitive advantage, although their individual effects varied. These findings highlight the need for a strategic customer-centric approach to digital transformation, advocating for selective automation that preserves human interaction in high-value services, improved feedback mechanisms, robust data governance and advanced analytics tools. In addition, banks should refine digital payments, promoting user experience, fraud prevention and service differentiation supported by regulatory frameworks that foster security and innovation.
Access to Credit and Firm Performance: Evidence from Micro and Small Enterprises in Murang’a County, Kenya
(Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2025-07) Karanja, Johnson Muguro; Muathe, Stephen Makau A.
Report on the Kenya National Human Development [1] showed that among the challenges still facing MSEs in Kenya is lack of access to credit due to financial institutions requiring collateral as well as inadequate entrepreneurial skills. Despite the provision of affordable credit through the funds, micro and small enterprises in Murang’a County that has continued to record poor performance, which begs the question of the effectiveness of the various efforts and their contribution to improved performance of the MSEs. The study focused on collateral requirement, credit assessment, credit information sharing and cost of credit and their implication on performance of micro and small enterprises in Murang’a County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the resource-based view, dynamic capability theory, pecking order theory, entrepreneurship theory of Shane, innovation of entrepreneurship theory as well as the traits theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design where 1,020 registered SMEs in Murang’a County were targeted, of which 287 were selected through a stratified and random sampling techniques. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data which was later analyzed through means and standard deviations as well as multiple regression analysis and presented through tables and figures. The study established that collateral requirements (β=.420, p
Assessment of the Accessibility Level to Available Learning Resources and Their Influence on Performance of Learners with Hearing Impairment in Selected Public Junior Secondary Schools in Kisii, Kenya
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025-07) Ogembo, M. Caroline; Awori, Beatrice Bunyasi
The purpose of this study was to investigate dynamics of accessibility to learning resources and their impact on performance among learners with hearing impairment, with special reference to selected public Junior Secondary Schools in Kisii County, Kenya. The study was guided by the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework which emphasizes varied methods of engagement, representation, and expression to accommodate diverse learner needs in learning environments. The contention of the study is that despite government efforts to enhance education for learners with hearing impairments (HI) in Kenya, their academic performance remains a significant concern. Many existing studies tend to overlook the unique needs of HI learners, focusing instead on other forms of disability. The study adopted a descriptive research design involving 188 participants. Data collection methods included questionnaires, interviews, and direct observations. Analysis was conducted using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that access to learning resources, particularly reading materials, plays a critical role in improving academic outcomes for HI learners. However, accessibility was hindered by challenges such as frequent power outages, limited availability of textbooks and specialized resources, out-dated materials, and inadequate maintenance of existing tools. To address these barriers, the study recommends investing in reliable electricity infrastructure, regularly updating learning materials, and providing resources in formats accessible to learners with HI. Additionally, equipping schools with adequate reading and writing materials, as well as digital tools such as laptops and tablets, is essential to support technology assisted and inclusive learning. The study also calls for broader research across all educational levels to better inform policy development and strengthen inclusive education initiatives in Kenya.
First Mover Strategy and its Impact on Competitive Advantage among Selected Originator Pharmaceutical Companies in Kenya
(Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2025-08) Kachoga, Luka Mwafwali; Muathe, Stephen Makau A.
In a fast-changing global environment, pharmaceutical managers in Kenya face the challenge of implementing strategic approaches to remain competitive. Despite the effort, Competitive Advantage among Originator Pharmaceutical Companies in Kenya remain below expectations. In 2020, the industry contributed just 4.6% to Kenya’s exports, while importing 60% of its pharmaceutical products from 2017 to 2021. This underscores the need for effective first-mover strategies to enhance the competitive advantage of originator pharmaceutical firms. The study investigated how barriers to entry strategy, rapid product cycles strategy, mass marketing dominance strategy and niche market penetration strategy affected competitiveness among Originator Pharmaceutical Companies. The study variables were anchored by the game theory, firm capability theory, and the theory of innovation. The research adopted a descriptive design and targeted 583 staff from originator drug manufacturers in Kenya. However, a sample of 322 respondents was selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data collection involved questionnaires and the collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions. The findings indicated that competitive advantage of the originator pharmaceutical companies in Kenya was affected by barriers to Entry Strategy, Rapid Product Cycle Strategy, Mass Market Dominance Strategy, and Niche Penetration Strategy. Hence the study recommended that Kenyan Originator pharmaceutical firms should strengthen first-mover strategies through investment in R&D, agile production, branding, and targeted market approaches. Future studies should explore strategy sustainability, intellectual property rights, consumer behavior, and partnerships across diverse regulatory landscapes.
A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship Management Practices and Youth Empowerment Programs in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2025-08) Adam, Mohamed Mustafa Haji; Muathe, Stephen Makau
Youth unemployment is a growing global issue, exacerbating poverty and dependency cycles that hinder development. Despite the initiatives by the various stakeholders to improve youth empowerment, it has remained below the threshold. Available data indicated that Somalia is still experiencing one of the highest youth unemployment rates globally at 67%. Additionally, the low education levels, which stand at 60%, have contributed to Somali youth's inability to receive entrepreneurial training. Therefore, the primary focus of the research was to ascertain the effect of entrepreneurship management practices on youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Precisely, the study examined the impact of resource orientation, entrepreneurship culture, growth orientation, and management structure on youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. The empowerment theory, stakeholder’s theory and dynamic capability theory anchored the study. The study used a descriptive research design. The target population included four hundred youth in youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Proportional stratified and simple random sampling techniques determined a response size of two hundred participants. The study used structured questionnaires and Twenty respondents participated in a pilot exercise.The study used reliability and validity to test data collection instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The study established a positive and significant relationship between resource orientation, entrepreneurship culture, growth orientation, and management structure in youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study recommends that the policymakers, development partners, and community leaders prioritize the integration of entrepreneurship training and support systems within youth programs. The study recommended the establishment of innovation hubs, access to micro-finance, and business development services tailored to the needs of young entrepreneurs; and to integrate entrepreneurship education into school curricula and community outreach programs to foster entrepreneurial perspectives from a young age.
Sustaining Organizational Growth Outcome for selected Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya: The Role of Technological Innovation
(International Journal of Education and Research, 2025-07) Okumu, Sheila; Muthimi, Janet
This study looked into the whole concept of technological innovation and how it relates to organizational outcomes. The study specific objectives were; to determine the effects of internet banking on the organizational outcomes of commercial banks; to establish the effects of mobile banking on the organizational outcomes of commercial banks; and to assess the effects of electronic funds transfers on the organizational outcomes of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research was grounded on diffusion of innovations theory, resource-based view theory and Schumpeterian theory of creative destruction. The study primarily concentrated on both quantitative and qualitative data using a descriptive research approach. The population was made up of 44 commercial banks with active operations within Nairobi City County. Thirty banks were chosen using simple random sampling to supply the study's real participants. After this, stratified sampling was utilized to reach a total of 150 participants who comprised of 5 departmental heads from each bank. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. A pilot study was conducted two weeks in advance, involving three banks from the neighbouring Kiambu County, to help the researcher evaluate the research tools. The test-retest method was used to ensure response consistency. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 23. The findings were presented through frequencies and percentages in form of tables, pie charts, bar graphs, and narratives. The participants were assured of anonymity and confidentiality, meaning their identities would not be disclosed. The findings showed that most banks have used internet banking over the last ten years which has enabled customers to pay their bills with ease. The level of mobile banking has been in the rise over the years and this is directly due to the increase in mobile phone ownership among the populations. Increased growth has been achieved as a result of mobile banking. Mobile banking had a positive significant level of 0.044 (P < .05). Electronic funds transfer has increased banks’ level of reach to customers, while also increasing security in the money transfer services. There is a positive significance between electronic funds transfer and organizational outcomes represented by the p value of 0.031 (P < .05). Most commercial banks have registered improved outcomes over the past ten years, shown by improved service efficiency, increased customer satisfaction, increased penetration of services, as well as an improvement in the levels of profitability. The study recommended that banks need to increase their use of technology in their provision of services. Further research should be done on the influence of technological innovation on financial performance of commercial banks.
Contribution of Green Practices on Consumer Buying Behavior in 4-5 Star Restaurants in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing, 2025-08) Wakasala, Maureen Muyoka; Miricho, Moses; Wandolo, Monicah
There is an exponential increase in consumer concerns over green practices due to environmental problems occurring. Green practices involves a company engaging in activities or actions that protect the environment from pollution and preserve natural resources by reducing its carbon emissions. Consumer buying behavior refers to the activities and experiences of restaurant guests who engage in purchasing, consuming and disposing of goods and services. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of green practices on consumer buying behavior in 4-5- star restaurants in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design where a sample size of 19 restaurants were sampled in Nairobi County. Data collection techniques were questionnaires, observation schedules and secondary data sources, which were newspapers, articles, and Tv programmes. Qualitative data was coded, analyzed using content analysis through text search query and word-frequency query analysis using NVIVO. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS with levels of significance established using ANOVA with a cut-off point of p being < or =0.05 at 95% confidence and significance levels. The results show that the study rejected all the null hypotheses and concluded that at 95% confidence level a significant relationship exists between green practices and consumer buying behavior in 4-5-star restaurants in Nairobi City County. The study concluded that consumer-buying behavior has a positive association with green practices.
Effect of Employee Wellness Programmes on Performance of Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration (IAJHRBA), 2025-07) Makilia, Alice Mutio; Gakobo, Joyce
Non-governmental organisations especially those in the environmental spectrum have often posted poor performance especially on employee retention, efficacy of their programmes, low budget efficiency where their projects often exceed their initial budgets or face financing challenges which delay project completion or collapse. Further, environmental non-governmental organisations have also failed to deliver in preservation of the ecosystem. Human resource is a major source of a company’s competitive advantages and value creation. However, over the years, human resource has conventionally been identified as a cost to companies as opposed to strategic resources. However, modern scholars view human resource management and particularly employee wellness as a key determinant of organizational performance. As a result, aim of the study was to determine the effect of employee wellness programmes on performance of environmental non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The study was anchored on social exchange theory. Descriptive research design was adopted. Target population of the study comprised 216 employees in human resources and administration, finance department operations department and research and development department. Sample size was 140 respondents selected using stratified random sampling technique. Primary data collected via a structured questionnaire was used in data analysis. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means and standard deviation. Linear regression analysis was also used to determine the relationship between employee wellness programmes and performance. The study determined that there was high level emphasis on employee wellness programs for enhancing employees' physical, mental, and financial well-being. The study also determined that employee wellness programs have a significant positive effect on performance of environmental non-governmental organizations. It was thus concluded that employee wellness programs significantly affect performance of environmental nongovernmental organizations.
Navigating Unchartered Territory: Implication of Access to Financial Services on Non-Financial Performance of Youth Owned MSMEs in Mukono District, Uganda.
(The Asian Institute of Research, 2024-12-15) Muathe, Stephen; Nakalembe, Immaculate; Maina, Samuel
Youth-owned micro, small, and medium businesses face various constraints while accessing financial services in Uganda. Various stakeholders have assisted these enterprises in accessing finance at better conditions but their non-financial performance has continued to deteriorate. This study tried to investigate the effect of access to financial services on non-financial performance of youth-owned MSMEs in Mukono district, Uganda. Specific objectives included effect of bank, branch network, financial information, loan accessibility and financial technology on non-financial performance of youth-owned micro, small and medium enterprises. The study's guiding theories were the resource-based view, dynamic capability, and innovation of entrepreneurship theories. A positivism research philosophy and explanatory research design were used. The target population was 3717 registered MSMEs. A sample size of 400 was obtained using both stratified and simple random sampling methods. Primary data was collected using questionnaires, analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The study's findings revealed that financial information, bank branch networks, loan accessibility, and financial technology had a positive and significant effect non-financial performance of youth-owned MSMEs. The study concluded that access to financial services is critical to non-financial performance of youth-owned MSMEs in Mukono district, Uganda. The study recommends that youth-owned MSMEs should first gather reliable information about operations of financial service providers to avoid being charged hefty penalties and interests, branch expansion to provide greater supply of credit in order to improve the non-financial performance of youth-owned MSMEs. The study further recommends that financial institutions should reduce collateral requirements in order to increase micro-credit loan uptake by the youth who own MSMEs.
Balanced Scorecard Model: Issues to Resolve For Competitive Advantage among Saccos in Kajiado County
(International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 2024-10-18) Kingwalor ,Kelvin Lillan; Muathe, Stephen Makau
This study aims to examine the correlation between the perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard and the competitiveness of Savings and Credit Cooperatives located in Kajiado County, Kenya. The specific aims of the study included assessing how the perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard, namely, financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business processes, and learning and growth perspective, affect the competitiveness. of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies within Kajiado County. This study was anchored on the theoretical frameworks of Balanced Score Card, Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities theory. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey research design, guided by objectivism as an ontological approach, a positivist epistemology, and a deductive approach for data collection and analysis. The study’s target population included the deposit taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kajiado County (N= 22). Purposive sampling was employed to identify 22 Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies and 32 personnel members from the 5 main sub counties. Data collection involved the utilization of a structured questionnaire self-administered by the respondents themselves. The relationship between distinct independent variables and company competitiveness was analyzed using multiple regression. The critical value for regression was 0.05, and the 95% confidence interval was used. The study found a strong, statistically significant positive correlation between SACCO competitiveness and customer perspective (r = .899, p = .000). Also, a strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation was found to exist between financial perspective and SACCO competitiveness (r = .841, p = .000). A similar strong positive correlation was observed between internal business processes and SACCO competitiveness (r = .805, p = .001). Similarly, learning and growth exhibited a strong, positive correlation with SACCO competitiveness (r = .817, p = .001). Some of the balanced score card perspectives, such as financial and customer perspectives, positively predict SACCO competitiveness. The relationships are also statistically significant. However, internal business process and learning and growth, negatively predict SACCO competitiveness. The relationships are not statistically significant. It was recommended that the management of SACCOs should enhance the customer perspective and the financial perspective to boost competitiveness, while strengthening the other perspectives.
Cost Leadership and Differentiation as Competitive Strategies on Performance of Commercial Banks: The Kenyan Perspective
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2025-01-30) Ochieng, Vincent Ogal; Kipkorir, Chris Simon Sitienei
Poor performance in commercial banks was viewed in terms of reduction in market share, decline in profitability, loss of customer, shrinking in asset base and liabilities which in turn lead to poor performance. Commercial banks use cost leadership and differentiation as competitive strategies to address performance. The aim in the study was to establish the effect of cost leadership and differentiation as competitive strategies on selected commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Porter’s generic strategies model and descriptive research design were used. The target population was 1,194 respondents which included head office employees from three selected commercial banks namely Kenya Commercial Bank, Equity bank, and Cooperative Bank of Kenya located in Nairobi City County in Kenya. Sample size of two hundred and ninety one (291) was computed using Krejcie and Morgan formula then selected using stratified sampling technique to ensure adequate representation. Primary data was collected using close and open ended structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics especially mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics specifically regression analysis, analysis of variance and analysis of coefficients. The analyses were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24. Open-ended responses were organized in themes and discussed in a narrative form. This study adopted Cronbach’s alpha method to compute reliability and a coefficient of 0.957 was obtained which was more than a threshold of 0.80 hence the research instrument was reliable. Results were presented using tables. The study findings indicated that cost leadership, differentiation, and growth strategies had effect. The study results are valuable to management of commercial banks, policy makers, other organisations, academicians and researchers
The Effect of Branchless Banking Strategy on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(2017-10-17) Dzombo , Gift Kimonge; Kilika, James M; Maingi, James
The Banking sector acts as the life blood of modern trade and economic development. Commercial banks influence, facilitate and integrate the economic activities like resources mobilization, poverty elimination, production, and distribution of public finance. The financial performance of commercial banks has great implications in the financial sector and in the country at large, and will still remain an important subject of concern by all the stakeholders in the banking industry. In the last two decades, a lot of banking innovation has taken place in order to improve commercial banks financial performance. Branchless banking which involves the use of agency banking and electronic banking channels in the distribution of banking products and services is one such innovation. This study purpose was to evaluate the effect of branchless banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to analyze the individual effects of agency banking and electronic banking channels on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and the combined effect of both agency and electronic banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted an exploratory research design. A survey of all the 42 licensed commercial banks in Kenya was done. Both primary and secondary data on branchless banking and financial performance of banks was obtained from the individual commercial banks, Central Bank of Kenya banking annual supervision reports respectively. Return on Assets (ROA) was used as the main indicator of commercial banks financial performance. The amount of investment in agency and electronic banking was used as indicator for agency and electronic banking. Data analysis was done using SPSS and STATA statistical softwares. Descriptive statistics, diagnostic tests and tests of hypothesis were done. Data was presented using tables and charts. Study findings indicated that when used in isolation; both agency and electronic banking had a significant negative effect on the financial performance of commercial banks at 5 percent significance level. However, when agency and electronic banking channels were used together as a multichannel strategy, they had a significant positive effect on bank’s financial performance at 5 percent significance level. The study recommends that for positive returns, commercial banks should invest in both agency and electronic banking as a multichannel strategy since these channels are complimentary to each other.
Quality Management Practices and Performance: The Perspective of Public Healthcare Institutions in Kenya
(ESJ Social Sciences, 2025-02) Jumapili, Dorcas Nyangulika; Muathe, Stephen Makau A.
The global economy's transformations have prompted public healthcare institutions in Kenya to adopt strategies to expand their markets, improve customer satisfaction, and enhance operational efficiency globally. The county government of Tharaka Nithi and the Kenyan national government have implemented initiatives to enhance public healthcare facilities, but their performance remains below the required standards. According to The World Health Organization reports Kenya's public healthcare institutions provided 75% unsatisfactory services to customers, while their services remained at 6.6% from 2017 to 2020. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of quality management practices on the performance of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the effect of customer focus and continuous improvement on the performance of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The study used Scorecard, Six Sigma theories as well as the upper echelon theory. The study embraced descriptive research design. The target population was eight hundred and eighty-three employees of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Stratified random sampling techniques were used as a sampling technique to select 275 respondents that were determined scientifically through a formula. Primary data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. A pilot test of twenty-eight respondents was conducted. The study instrument's reliability and validity were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, with a threshold of 0.7 or higher. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, which were presented in the form of tables, charts, and graphs. The findings were that strengthening customer focus (p<0.05), continuous improvement (p<0.05) and top management commitment (p<0.05) can contribute towards a significant improvement in the performance of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The study concluded that total quality management practices are significant enablers of the organizational performance of an institution. The study recommended that employees working with public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County should be motivated to address customer inquiries promptly to improve the level of efficiency and effectiveness. The operational managers and all other heads of the functional areas in the public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County design their processes effectively for effective decision-making. Employees should be encouraged to use errors reported as the basis for further improvement in processes.
Perceived HRM Practices and Employees’ Retention: The Importance of Job Embeddedness and Job Satisfaction in NonGovernmental Organizations in, Kenya.
(European Journal of Business and Management, 2025-04) Olweny, Odhiambo Fredrick; Muathe, Stephen M.A.; Bula, Hannah
This study examined the relationship between perceived human resource management practices and employee retention in non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya. The primary goal of the study was to investigate the impact of human resource management practices on employee retention within non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of leadership style, work environment, and career development on employee retention or intention to leave. The study also explored the mediating role of job satisfaction and the moderating effects of job embeddedness on employee retention. The research was enriched by the theoretical foundations based on Mixed Model of Employee Retention, Trait Theory, Hierarchy of Needs Theory, and Job Embeddedness Theory. The research adopted an explanatory research design. The study targeted 201 non-governmental organizations operating within Nairobi County. The study sample was selected using stratified and random sampling, which included 69 nongovernmental organizations based in Nairobi County of Kenya. The study employed questionnaires. A pilot test was conducted with 7 employees from the non-governmental organizations, who were subsequently excluded from the final study. The data was analysed using logit model to test the effect between the independent variables and the dependent variable. In addition, the model was also used to analyse the mediation and moderation relation effect. The findings established that leadership style, work environment, and career development opportunities had a positive and significant effect on employee retention in Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya. Furthermore, job satisfaction was found to play a key role in moderating the relationship between human resource management practices and employee retention in non-governmental organizations. Additionally, the study found that job embeddedness mediated employees’ attachment to their organizations. Based on these findings, the study recommended that organizations adopt effective human resource management practices that harmonises with both the needs of the organization and the employee to improve retention and enhance organizational performance.
Resource Administration Practices and Implementation of Projects in Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations in Bomet County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-11) Kibet, Vincent
Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (Saccos) play a crucial role in promoting financial inclusion and economic development in Kenya, particularly in rural areas like Bomet County. However, many Saccos struggle with project implementation, hindering their growth and member benefits. Only about 40% of projects in Bomet are completed on time, with 35% facing delays of over six months. Additionally, project costs exceed budgets by an average of 25%, and 60% of Saccos report funding shortages that negatively impact execution. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of resource administration practices influences the implementation of projects in Saccos in Bomet County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the influence of resource scheduling, resource allocation, resource monitoring, and resource planning on the implementation of projects in Saccos in Bomet County, Kenya. The study was guided by resource-based view theory, resource dependency theory, and theory of constraints. This research utilized a descriptive design, focusing on five projects: SACCO automation, digital banking, savings and loans, FOSA services, and land acquisition. The sample included 642 SACCO project managers and team members, selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected via surveys, with a preliminary test conducted in Baringo County involving 10 participants to ensure reliability and validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, while validity was evaluated through content and construct analysis. Results were presented in tables and figures, including mean and standard deviation calculations, and inferential statistics were applied using multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic tests for multicollinearity, normality, linearity, homoscedasticity, and autocorrelation were also conducted. The research discovered that the effective scheduling, allocation, monitoring, and planning of resources had a notably positive influence on project execution within Savings and Credit Cooperative Organizations (Saccos) in Bomet County, Kenya. This discovery indicates a strong positive association, where an increase in resource scheduling, allocation, monitoring, and planning leads to a rise in project implementation within Saccos in Bomet County, Kenya. Consequently, it can be deduced that the independent variables displayed a robust correlation with the dependent variable. The investigation concludes that project managers utilize resource scheduling as a tool to appropriately assign resources, thereby maximizing efficiency and averting work overload. Resource allocation empowers project managers to strategically select and assign available resources to tasks or projects in alignment with business objectives. Through resource monitoring, project managers can ensure that projects are accomplishing their objectives. Resource planning provides project managers with a more comprehensive understanding of the project life cycle. The investigation recommends that project managers compile a list of tasks that need to be completed, along with an estimation of the time required (in hours, days, or man-hours). Additionally, project managers should prioritize projects and determine the most suitable and available personnel to work on them. A project manager should monitor the progress of tasks and swiftly assess how much time each task was intended to take and how much time it actually took. It is crucial for project managers to carefully consider these aspects in advance, as they directly impact the project scope, timeliness, and quoting process through the early identification of required resources. The study highlights the need for further research on unexplored resource management practices to address a 20.4% conceptual gap in the regression model. It specifically examined SACCOs in Bomet County, Kenya, suggesting that a broader study across various counties could effectively fill this contextual gap.
Performance of Domestic Airlines in Kenya: The Role of Strategic Management Practices
(Journal of Economic, Accounting and Management, 2025-03) Ichingwa, Georgina Shiboko; Kamau, Sarah
The study sought to examine the effect of strategic management practices on performance of domestic airlines in Kenya. This comes at a time when the domestic airlines in Kenya have been facing tremendous challenges orchestrated by dynamics in the operating environment and disruptions in the global markets. The domestic airlines have seen a surge in customer-shun rate due to low customer satisfaction. Moreover, most of the players in domestic airlines have faced a steady decline in sales revenues and the overall market share. This raises the question on what could be the remedy to upscale organizational performance of domestic airlines. The study specifically addressed the effect of environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation on performance of domestic airlines in Kenya. The study employed a descriptive survey approach, and targeted 129 employees drawn from 43 domestic Kenyan airlines. A questionnaire was used to collected primary data for the study, which was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that strategic management practices (environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation) significantly influenced performance of domestic airlines in Kenya. It was therefore concluded that the deficiencies in performance of domestic airlines in Kenya was strongly associated with effective embrace of strategic management practices. It is recommended that for the domestic airlines to expand and continue performing in the current competitive market, the managers have a duty to integrate strategic management practices through vigorous environmental scanning, formulation of strategies that respond to market demands, effective implementation of developed strategies and evaluation of implemented strategies to ensure they align with the external operating market for enhanced performance.
Supplier Relationship Management and Performance of Supermarkets in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Journal ofProcurement and Supply Chain, 2025-05) Machira, Faith Wangari; Chege, Perris
In Kenya, supermarkets are regarded as one of the primary contributors tothe economy’s notable expansion and advancement. However, in recent times, the performance of the retail industryhas been beset by severalchallenges. This studyaimed to examine the effect of supplier relationship management on supermarket performance in Nairobi County. The researchadopted a descriptive research design which focused on describing the phenomenon being studied. The research target population comprised 147 registered hyper and mega supermarkets operating within Nairobi City County. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed. A sample size of 45 supermarkets and 135 respondents were selected for the study. In the analysis process, descriptive, inferential, and thematic statistical analysis was employed to analyze the data collected in thisstudy.The study found that there is a positive and significant relationship between trust-based relationship management (β=0.0152, p=0.002), supplier segmentation (β=0.3154, p=0.002),and the performance of supermarkets. The study concludes that establishing and maintaining trust with suppliers is essential for ensuring a smooth and efficient supply chain, as well as fostering long-term partnerships that benefit both parties.Supplier segmentation helpssupermarketsimprove their overall performance by tailoring their approach to each supplier based on their specific needs and capabilities. The study recommends that when supermarkets have strong, trust-based relationships with their suppliers, they are more likely to receive timely deliveries, high-quality products, and competitive pricing.By segmenting suppliers, supermarkets can better match their specific needs and requirements with the capabilities of different suppliers.
The Effect of Inventory Management on Performance of Selected Naivas Supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journal ofProcurement and Supply Chain, 2025-06) Kogei, Gillian Jemutai; Gachengo, Lydia
Electronic supply chain management has emerged to be a core area and source of implementation in contemporary business environments, especially the retail sector. Naivas supermarket has continued to rely on the traditional supply chain which has caused it not to achieve its optimum performance as concerns market penetration, sales revenue actualization, customer fulfilment, and right-time delivery. The study investigated the role of inventory management as an aspect of electronic supply management on the performance of the retail sector in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study settled on a descriptive research design to investigate a sample size of 137 staff members from 8 randomly selected Naivas supermarkets in Nairobi city county. Semi-structured questionnaires were utilized to gather first-hand data from targeted respondents. Reliability and validity in this study was also determined. Reliability was examined using a threshold of 0.70 of the Cronbach alpha value. The element of inventory management practices exceeded the threshold and thereby deemed reliable. Quantitative analysis revealed that inventory management (β=0.342, p=0.031) showed moderate impact, limited by partial manual processes. To enhance performance through inventory management practices, Naivas should prioritize full automation of inventory tracking using IoT and AI-driven systems, building on the moderate but significant impact found in the study. Implementing vendor-managed inventory with key suppliers would further optimize stock levels, leveraging the strong correlation between SRM and inventory efficiency. Additionally, staff training programs should be introduced to ensure seamless adoption of these technologies and address residual manual verification issues noted by respondents. Future research should explore long-term digital transformation outcomes and AI/blockchain applications in Kenya’s retail sector.
Compensation Programs as a Social Welfare Initiative and Performance of Kenya Police Service Employees in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 2025-02) Karongo, Eliah Kamtia; Orwa, Hannah Bula; Muli, Jedidah Vika
In Nairobi City County, Kenya, the crime rate is high and reports generally indicate poor performance of the police officers despite the introduction of compensation programs. Gaps exist in research on compensation programs and employee performance (EP) of the Kenya police. The research objective was to determine the influence of compensation program on the performance of this workforce. The study was guided by the social exchange theory and the target population was the 9,925 Kenya police service employees. From samples of 400 respondents, Crobach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.7 was identified. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of linear regression were used to analyse the data. Findings indicate that compensation programs had a negative significant influence on employees’ performance in Nairobi City County. The study recommends involvement of all security sector stakeholders in formulating and implementing social welfare programs and further studies of other welfare programs on the performance of Kenya police service.
Quality Management Practices and Performance: The Perspective of Public Healthcare Institutions in Kenya
(European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2025-02) Jumapili, Dorcas Nyangulika; Muathe, Stephen Makau A.
The global economy's transformations have prompted public healthcare institutions in Kenya to adopt strategies to expand their markets, improve customer satisfaction, and enhance operational efficiency globally. The county government of Tharaka Nithi and the Kenyan national government have implemented initiatives to enhance public healthcare facilities, but their performance remains below the required standards. According to The World Health Organization reports Kenya's public healthcare institutions provided 75% unsatisfactory services to customers, while their services remained at 6.6% from 2017 to 2020. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of quality management practices on the performance of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the effect of customer focus and continuous improvement on the performance of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The study used Scorecard, Six Sigma theories as well as the upper echelon theory. The study embraced descriptive research design. The target population was eight hundred and eighty-three employees of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. Stratified random sampling techniques were used as a sampling technique to select 275 respondents that were determined scientifically through a formula. Primary data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. A pilot test of twenty-eight respondents was conducted. The study instrument's reliability and validity were evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, with a threshold of 0.7 or higher. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, which were presented in the form of tables, charts, and graphs. The findings were that strengthening customer focus (p<0.05), continuous improvement (p<0.05) and top management commitment (p<0.05) can contribute towards a significant improvement in the performance of public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya. The study concluded that total quality management practices are significant enablers of the organizational performance of an institution. The study recommended that employees working with public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County should be motivated to address customer inquiries promptly to improve the level of efficiency and effectiveness. The operational managers and all other heads of the functional areas in the public healthcare institutions in Tharaka Nithi County design their processes effectively for effective decision-making. Employees should be encouraged to use errors reported as the basis for further improvement in processes.

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