BC-Department of Environmental Planning and Management
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Item Uptake of Community Led Total Sanitation among Residents of Isiolo County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2024-08) Osman, Mahad BagajaThe study aims to assess the uptake of Community Led Total Sanitation among residents of Isiolo County, Kenya, focusing on individual factors, latrine ownership and use, and institutional factors associated with uptake. Despite the global call for universal access to sanitation and hygiene, about 673 million people still defecate in the open, despite the Kenyan government's adoption of this program. The cross-sectional descriptive study design, using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The sample size comprised of 373 household heads systematically picked at an interval of 8 from villages in selected Wards of Ngare Mara and Oldonyiro wards. Isiolo County was purposively selected since it is among the top ten counties practicing open defecation. Key informants comprising of healthcare workers, religious leaders and chiefs/opinion leader were also interviewed. Isiolo sub-county was randomly selected using folded pieces of paper while Ngare Mara and Oldonyiro Wards were purposively chosen as they recorded the highest prevalence of diarrheal diseases. The researcher sought all required approvals from relevant institutions and obtained informed consent from participants. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires from household heads while qualitative data was collected using Key Informant Interview schedules from opinion leaders. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. Qualitative data was triangulated with quantitative results as direct quotes or narrations as presented by the key informants. Chi-Square tests were done at 95% confidence interval with a 0.05 margin of error of 0.05 to calculate inferential statistics. The study results revealed that the rate of community led total sanitation in Isiolo County was 31.9%. The majority (54.3%) of responded owned a latrine with only 42.1% showing evidence of use. Majority of individual factors such as awareness of negative effects of open defecation (P=0.011), willingness to use a latrine (P=0.024), ability to construct and maintain a pit-latrine (P=0.001) and decision makers of pit-latrine construction (P=0.001) influenced community led total sanitation uptake. Most (53.5%) of the households owned a pit latrine with owning a pit-latrine (P=0.001), place of defecation (P=0.003), washing hands after visiting a pit-latrine (P=0.001) and disposal of child excreta (P=0.023) significantly associated with community led total sanitation uptake. Most institutional factors such as provision of incentives for pit-latrine ownership (P=0.013), source of information on health issues (P=0.001), community involvement in planning their health activities (P=0.041) and invitation for meetings on sanitation (P=0.038) significantly influenced uptake of community led total sanitation. The study concludes that the rate of community led total sanitation in Isiolo County was low. In fact, only three in every ten households in the county uptake community led total sanitation. The results will inform policy makers, academic researchers and other stakeholders to craft interventions for action to improve sanitation coverage by implementing community led total sanitation. This will help reduce open defecation rates and decrease diarrheal diseases thus contributing positively to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal number six by the year 2030.Item Use of GIS and Remote Sensing in Tourism(Springer Nature, 2020) Magige, James M.; Jepkosgei, Charlynne; Onywere, S. M.A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based information system using special tools to manage location-based data and their attributes for decision-making. Geospatial functions cut across many fields and support problem solving through geodata design and analysis. GIS have been used, for example, in environmental conservation and wildlife management. Its use in tourism planning, development and management, and marketing of destination products is only a more recent approach. The adoption of the technology affects both the sustainability of environmental resources and the quality of tourists’ experience. The purpose of this chapter is, first, to explore the functionalities and usage potentials of GIS in the tourism domain. Second, two studies of Maasai Mara Game Reserve and Nairobi National Park portray how GIS and satellite remote sensing imagery is applied to assess the ecosystem’s changes, their causes, and major implications. Examination of Landsat satellite image data for 2000 and 2017 shows that due to conversion of areas to farmlands and settlements, the coverage of Mau Forest Complex, the main catchment area for the Mara ecosystem, had reduced by 30.2% and vegetation by 22.8%. The analysis of Nairobi National Park showed that the Kitengela wildlife migration corridor has been completely encroached by human settlement and mining activities, thus seriously compromising the performance of the ecosystem. Mapping of human development pressure on the ecosystem using GIS technologies can be used to assess and manage the tourism resources potential in conjunction to biodiversity conservation as a critical element in improving wildlife as a tourism destination product.Item Policy Arrangement for Waste Management in East Africa's Urban Centres(INTECH, 2013) Majale-Liyala, ChristineItem Status of disaster risk management in Kenya(School of Environmental Studies and Human Science, Kenyatta University, 2007) Yitembe, Andre; Kirui, Alan Isaac; Mango, NelsonItem Status and potential of payments schemes forwildlife conservation in Africa(School of Environmental Studies and Human Science, Kenyatta University, 2007) Yetich, ThomasItem Principles and application of strategic environmental assessment(School of Environmental Studies and Human Science, Kenyatta University, 2007) Kinoti, Mary K.; Koech, Michael K.Item Harnessing Micro-Organisms for the Management of Wastewater(School of Environmental Studies and Human Science, Kenyatta University, 2007) Okemo, PaulItem Ecotourism and its potential for community development in Kenya(School of Environmental Studies and Human Science, Kenyatta University, 2007) Kenya, Peter F.; Geteo, Carolyn M.Item Eco- Industrial parks and their potential contribution to sustainable industrialization(School of Environmental Studies and Human Science, Kenyatta University, 2007) Kituyi, EvansItem Tradition, Culture and Development in Africa: Historical Lessons for Modern Development Planning(2008) Thuo, A.D.M.; Ambe, J.N.Item Review of Environmental Governance in Kenya: Analysis of Environmental Policy and Institutional Frameworks. In Handbook of Environmental Policy. Meijer, S. and A. der Ber (ed).(2012-03-20) Letema, Sammy; Mireri, C.Rio Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 gave environmental management major impetus. Member states of the United Nations committed themselves to the principles of sustainable development as per Agenda 21. Sustainable environmental management is an integral part of Agenda 21. Following the conference, member states of the United Nations of which Kenya is one, committed themselves to initiate processes to institutionalise good environmental governance for sustainable development. As part of its commitment to the UN Conference, Kenya implemented National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) in 1994 to provide a basis for up-scaling environmental management in Kenya. NEAP process culminated into Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (EMCA) of 1999, which came into force in 2002. Prior to the promulgation of EMCA in 1999, environmental issues had no Locus Standi. Environmental management issues were dealt with by several sectors in different ministries and good environmental governance was not highly prioritised. In cases of violations to the environment affecting the public generally, then the person who had an interest and right to sue was the Attorney General and not a private citizen. EMCA has created instruments for good environmental governance with potential to create a clean and healthy environment if only it is effectively and efficiently implemented.