Cardioprotective and Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Solanum Incanum (Linnaeus.) and Rhamnus Prinoides Extracts in Animal Models
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Date
2025-03
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Kenyatta University
Abstract
Cardio protection is a mechanism that serve to protect the heart and its vessels from injury,
diseases or malfunction. In Kenya, plant material extracts have been applied as a remedy
in diseases such as, hepatitis, malaria etc. Nonetheless, use of these traditional remedies
gathers a compendium of risks to consumers ascribed to scantiness of information on safety
and inclusive of their antihyperlipidemic ability. Application 10% methanol and normal
saline was used to reconstitute the materials. Mature Albino Wistar rats three months old
were fed with HCHF diet (10% egg York (5.6g/bw),10% lard (5.6g/bw),0.2% cholic acid
(0.112g/bw) and 0.59% propylthiouracil (0.28g/bw), for 28 days. Onset of 28th day, the
rats were euthanized and bioassays done. Body weights and organ weights were recorded.
For cardiotonic studies,10 New Zealand male rabbits were used. They were injected with
1000 units of heparin to avoid clot formation. Chest was opened through cardiac
thoracotomy and heart placed in a dish containing Tyrode solution. This was followed by
Langerdorff method using a kymograph for ionotropic and chronotropic effects. In toxicity
studies, male mice of age 6-7 weeks were given oral doses of plant extract for 28 days of
the experiment. On 29th day of the experiment, animals were sacrificed through cardiac
puncture and blood sample collected for biochemical assays. Mice’s were ruminated with
rodent pellets and water adlipitum. OECD 407 precepts were followed when conducting
toxicity studies. One way ANOVA was used in data analysis. This was followed by Tukey
as post hoc and statistical significance at P<0. 05.Both plant extracts exhibited positive
ionotropic and negative chronotropic effects. R. prinoides extracts had significant
reduction on total percent changes of the heart rate. Significance reduction on low density
lipoproteins and total cholesterol was exhibited by both plant extracts, following a high
cholesterol high fat diet (HCHF). Total body weights were significantly reduced. Extracts
of S. incanum showed presence of saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids,
steroids and phenolics. Extracts of R. prinoides displayed presence of phenolics,
glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids steroids and saponins. Further investigation should be
done to quantify the number of glycosides present in both plant extracts
Description
Research Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Laboratory Science (Clinical Chemistry Option) in the School Of Health Sciences of Kenyatta University March, 2025
Supervisors;
1.John K. Mwonjoria
2. Mathew Piero Ngugi