MST-Department of Management Science

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Green Practices and Performance of Logistics Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Muthini, Anne
The logistics sector plays a critical role in Kenya’s economic growth, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. However, logistics firms in Nairobi City County continue to experience inconsistent performance, partly due to increasing environmental demands, inefficient operational processes, and the slow adoption of sustainable practices. Although global supply chains are progressively embracing green logistics, the extent to which such practices enhance firm performance in the Kenyan context remains insufficiently explored. This study therefore sought to examine the influence of green logistics practices—specifically eco-design, green packaging, green warehousing, and reverse logistics—on the performance of logistics firms in Nairobi City County. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of eco-design on firm performance, to assess the influence of green packaging on firm performance, to evaluate how green warehousing practices affect firm performance and to examine the effect of reverse logistics on the performance of logistics firms. Guided by stakeholder theory, the resource-based view, and game theory, the study explains how environmental responsibility, internal resource capabilities, and strategic interactions with market and regulatory stakeholders shape firm performance outcomes. A descriptive research design was employed, and primary data were collected from managers of logistics firms registered with the Kenya International Freight and Warehousing Association (KIFWA). The findings revealed that eco-design significantly improved operational efficiency and overall firm performance by promoting lifecycle-oriented product and process optimization. Green packaging exhibited a positive and significant effect, largely by reducing waste, lowering cost pressures, and improving brand perception. Similarly, green warehousing practices enhanced performance through improved resource utilization and energy-efficient storage systems, while reverse logistics contributed to performance by enabling sustainable handling of returned products, waste reduction, and recovery of residual value. Based on these findings, the study recommends intensified adoption of green packaging initiatives, including the use of biodegradable, recyclable, and reusable materials, as well as optimizing design to minimize waste and environmental impact. Strengthening eco-design, warehousing efficiency, and reverse logistics systems can further enhance operational performance, reduce costs, and bolster the competitiveness of logistics firms within Nairobi City County. The study underscores the strategic value of green logistics as a pathway to both environmental sustainability and improved organizational outcomes.
Critical Success Factors and Performance of Project in Export Processing Zones in Kenya: A Study of Athi River Export Processing Zone
(Kenyatta University, 2025-07) Akida Onyong’o George
Many projects around the world keep failing, resulting in loss of millions of dollars for organizations. This persisting challenge has led many project management professionals to attempt to identify the critical factors that need to be tackled for successful project management outcome. Export processing zones are special regulatory areas established to promote export-led growth. Despite the preceding largely favourable empirical analysis, EPZs have had a record of lower-than-expected performance of projects. This informed the current study as it sought to evaluate the effect of critical success factors on performance of projects in export processing zones. The study objectives included; the effect of resource allocation, monitoring and evaluation, management commitment and stakeholder involvement on performance of projects in Export Processing Zones while focusing on Athi River Export Processing Zone. The study relied on three theories which were; Theory of Constraints, Resource Based Theory and Goal Setting Theory to support the relationship among the study variables. A descriptive research design was adopted for this research. The study population consisted of Assistant Project Managers, Project Managers, Project Officers and Project Supervisors which were one hundred (100) in number within Athi River Export Processing Zone. A Census approach was considered due to the small number of the target population. Primary data was obtained using a questionnaire which was largely based on a likert scale. The validity and reliability of the research instruments was ensured before data collection and making conclusions. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for the statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics consisted of percentages, means and other central tendencies. The inferential statistic was based on multiple regression analysis. The study found that when resources are made available if and with timely disbursements upon allocation, proper monitoring and evaluation systems in place, a management team that has total commitment to the project and stakeholders’ input and involvement considered results to achievement of project objectives with little or no hick ups hence the variables had a positive significant relationship with the performance of projects in export processing zones. The study concluded that better project execution is achieved by hiring highly competent employees at the right time and effectively allocating all the resources necessary for project implementation. Companies allow project tasks to be immediately monitored at the beginning and evaluated at the end in order to obtain clear and accurate information about each achievement. The company's senior management has provided support for started projects. Management commitment leads to proper planning of project activities, allowing the project team to focus on effective project execution. The companies ensure the involvement of all relevant stakeholders in issues related to the ongoing projects in the company. The study recommended that project managers need to determine the scope of the project and the available resources, as well as properly assigning enough team members to the project. Project managers develop a plan to monitor and evaluate ongoing projects by creating a platform or system to capture and organize project data in one place, track each team member's progress, and allocate resources accordingly. Company leadership needs to communicate to team members the vision of the project to be implemented in order to set clear expectations regarding project ethics. Companies should define and identify relevant stakeholders from both internal and external sources. Analyze these stakeholders in terms of authority or power, interest in project outcomes, and ability to influence or cause change in the project
Operations Decisions and Performance of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Projects in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-07) Kipaiyu, Serah Wambui
The performance of KALRO (Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization) projects is crucial for several reasons. It directly impacts the growth and sustainability of Kenya's agricultural sector, food security, and the livelihoods of farmers. However, only 15% of the 45 food projects that were carried out by different CBOs and the GoK in semi-arid lands in Kenya between 2010 and 2015 are still operating, while the rest are inactive and were impossible to find after the grant's expiration. In order to attain agricultural projects on time, as per the allocated budget, and with the best quality, the research seeks to analyze the impact of operations decisions and the performance of KALRO projects in Nairobi County. The specific objectives evaluated the success of KALRO projects in the County of Nairobi and the impact of management decisions, supply chain management decisions, process selection decisions, and plant decisions. Prospect theory, decision theory, utility theory, and fuzzy set theory were the foundations of the study. In a survey, the study used a descriptive research design. In Nairobi, the study focused on 50 KALRO initiatives However, only 44 responded representing overall successful rate of 97.7%. A stratified selection technique was used to choose participants from the study's target population, and the Yamane formula used to determine the size of the sample. Structured interviews and a self-administered questionnaire with a drop-and-pick later technique was used to obtain primary data. While multiple regression analysis utilized to determine the correlation between variables, descriptive statistics like frequency and percentage were used to characterize the properties of the variables. By verifying that operationalized variables relate to the theoretical construct represented, construct validity was attained. Utilizing the Cronbach alpha coefficient of inconsistency, reliability was evaluated. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, and content analysis utilized to examine qualitative data. Pie charts, frequency tables, graph percentage techniques, and contextual forms of clarity were utilized to show the research’s findings and illustrate its conclusions. The study determined that management decisions, supply chain management, process selection and plant decisions had a positive significant effect on performance of Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) projects in Nairobi County. The study concludes that management decisions regarding strategic planning determine which projects are prioritized based on their alignment with national agricultural goals, funding availability, and community needs. Effective SCM ensures that resources such as seeds, fertilizers, and livestock are procured and allocated efficiently. The choice of processes directly affects the quality and relevance of research outputs. The choice of plant varieties for research and development projects can determine the success of agricultural initiatives. The study recommends that the organization should implement comprehensive data collection methods to gather quantitative and qualitative data on project performance. The organization should evaluate existing supply chain processes to identify inefficiencies, bottlenecks, and areas for improvement. The organization should identify and engage key stakeholders, including farmers, government agencies, NGOs, and local communities, to understand their needs and expectations. The organization should develop a clear M&E framework that outlines key performance indicators for each project.
Community Participation and Sustainability of Poverty Reduction Projects in Taita-Taveta County: A Case of Village Enterprise Projects
(Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Mwangi, Samuel Waithira
Even after a number of poverty reduction initiatives had been implemented in Taita Taveta County, persistent poverty remained a significant issue, necessitating a closer examination of the variables affecting project sustainability. Community involvement was considered crucial for the efficacy and longevity of development interventions; however, its influence on the long-term viability of programs aimed at reducing poverty, particularly the Village Enterprise Organization (VEO) projects in Taita Taveta County, was still unclear. This study investigated the participation and sustainability of poverty reduction initiatives in Taita Taveta County, focusing specifically on the level of community involvement at various stages of the projects conducted by VEO. This study examined the critical factors influencing project sustainability, with a particular focus on stakeholder engagement, capacity building, decision-making processes, and community feedback mechanisms. To guide the investigation, the study evaluated Treseder's Degree of Participation theory and Stakeholder theory. A correlational study design was employed to determine the degree of link between the identified variables. A sample population of 181 respondents was drawn from selected projects and external stakeholders in Taita Taveta County. The main instruments for data collection included interview guides and self-administered questionnaires. The findings revealed that active stakeholder involvement during the planning phase significantly enhances project outcomes and community satisfaction by fostering a sense of ownership and addressing local needs. Capacity building emerged as a pivotal determinant of sustainability, as targeted initiatives improved community skills and knowledge, directly contributing to project success. Conversely, decision-making processes displayed a complex relationship with sustainability, highlighting challenges in effectively engaging all stakeholders, particularly marginalized groups. Furthermore, effective community feedback mechanisms were identified as essential for promoting accountability and responsiveness, thereby strengthening project sustainability. The study recommends structured stakeholder engagement frameworks, tailored capacity-building programs, inclusive decision-making practices, and robust feedback systems to enhance project sustainability. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of stakeholder engagement, the efficacy of capacity-building components, the dynamics of decision-making frameworks, and the role of technology in community feedback, while also considering comparative studies across various contexts to identify best practices
Electronic Supply Chain Management Practices and Performance of Large Supermarkets: A Case of Selected Naivas Supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-09) Kogei, Gillian
Electronic supply chain management has emerged to be a core area and source of implementation in contemporary business environments, especially the retail sector. A few supermarkets in Kenya have adopted modern supply chain management practices to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve customer satisfaction. Carrefour Kenya, operated by Majid Al Futtaim, is a prime example, leveraging advanced inventory management systems, automated warehousing, and data-driven demand forecasting to optimize its supply chain. Similarly, QuickMart, one of Kenya’s fastest-growing supermarket chains, has invested in cloud-based supply chain management software to enhance real-time inventory tracking and reduce stockouts. Even smaller players like Eastmatt Supermarkets are adopting point-of-sale analytics to refine procurement strategies. The choice of Naivas is because of its insistence on traditional supply chain management methods, considering that it is also one of Kenya's big players, which causes it to experience issues in market penetration, revenue, and delivery timelines. The major study’s aim was to establish electronic supply chain management and how this reflects on the performance of the retail sector in Nairobi. The study considered these objectives: to investigate the role of inventory management, how supply supplier relationship management, and cloud-based supply management on the performance of the retail sector in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study utilizes lean theory, contingency theory, and adaptive structuration theory to anchors its constructs and concepts explaining the objectives. The study settled on a descriptive research design to investigate a sample size of 137 staff members from 8 randomly selected supermarkets in Nairobi city county including Naivas supermarket. Semi-structured questionnaires were utilized as research tools to gather first-hand data from targeted respondents as the research tool. Reliability and validity in this study was also determined. Reliability was examined using a threshold of 0.70 of the Cronbach alpha value. All the elements of the variables exceeded the threshold, and thereby deemed reliable. Quantitative analysis revealed cloud-based SCM as the strongest predictor (β=0.416, p=0.007), significantly enhancing real-time collaboration (M=3.23) despite connectivity challenges. SRM practices (β=0.418, p=0.043) improved supplier relationships but faced adoption gaps among smaller vendors, while inventory management (β=0.342, p=0.031) showed moderate impact, limited by partial manual processes. To optimize supply chain performance, supermarkets in Nairobi City County should prioritize full-scale adoption of cloud-based SCM, implementing hybrid cloud solutions to mitigate downtime risks while leveraging its proven benefits in real-time collaboration and demand forecasting. The supermarket should simultaneously invest in supplier development programs to bridge technological gaps among smaller vendors, ensuring seamless integration of e-SCM tools across its supply network. Future research should explore long-term digital transformation outcomes and AI/blockchain applications in Kenya’s retail sector
Partnerships and Project Implementation in Jubaland Somalia: A Case of World Vision Somalia – Somalia Resilience Program (SomReP)
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Kamau, Sabina Njoki
Organizations frequently encounter the challenge of identifying a suitable implementation partner. The process of selection can prove to be intricate and time-consuming. Due to high demand, implementation partners may have limited availability. At times, the most qualified implementation partners may be in high demand and unable to take on new projects. Hence, this research aimed to explore the impact of partnerships on project implementation in Jubaland, Somalia, focusing on the World Vision Somalia – Somalia Resilience Program (SomReP). The specific objectives included assessing the influence of partners’ capacity, local partners’ accountability and transparency, and partners’ stakeholder engagement on the successful implementation of the Somalia resilience project. This study was guided by systems theory, stakeholder theory, and realistic evaluation theory. The research utilized a descriptive research design to conduct the study. The target population consisted of 95 respondents, including 22 project managers and 73 project team members. A total of 95 respondents were surveyed to determine the sample size for the study. Questionnaires were used as the data collection tool for all participants. A preliminary investigation was conducted involving 10 participants who were not be included in the primary study. The researcher evaluated the construct validity and content validity in order to establish the questionnaire's validity. To assess the internal consistency of the research instrument, the Cronbach's alpha test was utilized to calculate a correlation coefficient. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between independent and dependent variables. The research indicated that the partner’s capacity, local partners’ accountability and transparency and partners’ stakeholder engagement had a significantly positive impact on the implementation of the Somalia Resilience Project. The research findings show that various partners contribute distinct abilities and knowledge, including agricultural expertise, involvement with the community, financial skills, and technical assistance. The research findings suggest that diverse collaborators contribute distinct abilities and proficiency, including agricultural expertise, community involvement, financial administration, and technical assistance. When local partners exhibit strong accountability and transparency, it builds trust with stakeholders like community members, government entities, and international donors. When stakeholders participate in decision-making, they are more likely to feel ownership of the project. The research suggests that the organization should carry out a comprehensive evaluation to pinpoint the exact skills and knowledge deficiencies within partner organizations. The roles and responsibilities of all local partners involved in the project must be clearly defined by the organization. The entity should carry out an extensive identification of all possible stakeholders, such as local communities, government agencies, NGOs, and private sector partners
Supplier Relationship Management and Supply Chain Performance of Flour Milling Companies in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-08) Mercy Chenangat
Over time, supply chain performances and managements evolved as a critical business feature which enhances survival in a dynamic business environment. Flour milling company’s supply chain performances has been declining as reported by UN reports. The core of the investigation is to ascertain effects of supplier relationship managements on Kenya’s Nairobi County’s supply chains performances of flour milling businesses. Determining effects of supplier collaboration, trust-based relationship, supplier quality and information sharing on Kenya’s Nairobi County’s supply chains performances of flour milling firms, were the specific goals. Resource-based view theory, Transaction cost economics theory, social capital Theory, and alongside other relevant literature, served as study's pillars. 16 sampled flour milling businesses in Nairobi County, Kenya, was the population of interest for investigation. This study used a descriptive research approach. Respondents were selected using census sampling technique and consisted of 96 employees of 16 flour milling companies consisting of quality control manager, supply chain manager, supply chain supervisors, and sales manager therefore census approach was utilized. Questionnaires were utilized in collecting quantitative primary data and its validity was ascertained using content and construct validity tests while its reliability was ascertained using pilot study and Cronbach-Alpha internal consistency test. Analysis was done utilizing multiple regression analyses and descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, and standard deviation), with tables and graphs displaying the outcomes. Diagnostic tests comprising of normality test, multicollinearity tests, heteroskedastic test and linearity test were conducted on the study variables. Findings unveiled that the effect of the management of trust-based relationship on the supply chain performance was both insignificant (ρ = 0.372) and inverse (β= -0.037). The survey concludes that trust-based relationship management insignificantly affects the supply chain performance of the firms. The government should encourage flour milling companies in Kenya to shift towards performance-based contracts with their suppliers and other supply chain partners. Supplier collaboration exhibited a positive (β= 0.215) effect on the supply chain performance, albeit without significance (ρ = 0.190). The survey uncovered that collaboration with suppliers is not a primary factor influencing the supply chain performance of these companies. It is therefore recommended that the government of Kenya implement initiatives to improve transparency, visibility, and information sharing among flour milling firms in Kenya. Output detected a positive effect (β = 0.777) and a significant impact (ρ = 0.000) of information sharing on the supply chain performance. A positive (β= 0.156) but insignificant (ρ = 0.324) effect of supplier quality on the supply chain performance of flour milling companies was uncovered. Regarding this, the survey concludes that supplier quality holds insignificant effect on these firms supply chain performance. The government should encourage flour milling companies in Kenya to enhance their supplier evaluation and selection processes.
Digital Transformation Strategy and Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Musau Nelly Nthenya
In this era of rapidly evolving digital technologies, the banking industry in Kenya must adopt digital transformation to maintain competitiveness and improve the customer experience. However, while there is a growing emphasis on digitisation within the sector, the specific initiatives implemented by commercial banks and their subsequent effects on competitive advantage remain inadequately understood. This research examined how the digital transformation strategy affected the competitive positioning of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research centred on five main objectives: service automation, data analytics, mobile banking applications, employee upskilling, and digital payment solutions strategies. The study relied on five theories: the Generic Competitive Strategies Framework, the Resource-Based View, the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Using a descriptive research design, the study targeted 39 commercial banks grouped according to their sizes, comprising 412 functional heads. The study employed a multi-stage sampling method that combined proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques to recruit participants. Applying Yamane’s formula, a sample of 203 participants was selected. Primary data collection was conducted using structured survey instruments. Preliminary testing was conducted on a small sample of 15 respondents before the main study. Experts in the subject matter pre-tested the research instrument to validate its appropriateness. Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was used to assess reliability, with a threshold of 0.7 or above deemed satisfactory for internal consistency. The questionnaires were distributed to respondents using digital survey methods. The data analysis process employed descriptive and inferential statistics to summarise the findings. The results were presented in charts, graphs, and tables for easy interpretation and understanding. The study confirmed that service automation, data analytics, mobile banking applications, employee upskilling, and digital payment solutions strategies significantly influenced competitive advantage, although their individual effects varied. The findings suggest that commercial banks should go beyond merely implementing digital technologies and instead focus on strategic integration that enhances customer experience and value creation. Banks should adopt selective automation that retains human interaction for complex services and enhances feedback mechanisms. Further, data governance and investment in advanced, customer-focused analytical tools should be strengthened. Continued innovation in mobile banking is also recommended, including feature enhancements and improved interoperability, supported by strong cybersecurity standards. Employee upskilling should be prioritised through structured training, digital leadership development, and industry-wide certification. Lastly, banks need to re-evaluate their digital payment strategies to focus on user experience, fraud prevention, and differentiated services, with regulators promoting secure and innovation-friendly environments.
Risk Response Approaches and Project Delivery among Non-Governmental Organizations in the Humanitarian Sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Nyongesa, Fidelis Menasi
Project success depends on how projects perform, influenced by aspects such as project complexity, contractual timelines, stakeholder capabilities, project manager competencies, and interpersonal relationships among project parties. The research was motivated by persistent challenges in NGO project implementation, including cost overruns, delays, and unmet objectives. This study examined the influence of risk response approaches and project delivery among non-governmental organizations in the humanitarian sector in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Key risk response strategies assessed included risk transfer, risk prevention, risk control, and risk retention. The study was grounded in expectation theory, enterprise risk management theory (ERM), network theory, and resource-based theory (RBT). A descriptive research design was employed for a population of 1,252 humanitarian NGOs, with 125 NGOs randomly selected and data collected from 375 project managers and technical staff using structured questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Descriptive results showed moderate to high reliance on risk response strategies: risk prevention had the highest aggregate mean of 3.9561 (SD = 0.47697), followed by risk control (mean = 3.7848, SD = 0.53485), risk transfer (mean = 3.7181, SD = 0.54035), and risk retention (mean = 3.6921, SD = 0.55630). Project delivery scored a mean of 3.7793 (SD = 0.56465), indicating overall effective implementation. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships between all risk strategies and project delivery, with risk control showing the strongest correlation (r = 0.603, p < 0.01) and risk transfer the lowest (r = 0.475, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression indicated that the model significantly predicted project delivery (R² = 0.752, F (4,296) = 228.916, p < 0.001). Specifically, risk transfer (β = 0.673, p < 0.001), risk prevention (β = 1.296, p < 0.001), and risk retention (β = 1.490, p < 0.001) had positive and significant effects on project delivery, while risk control had a negative but marginally insignificant effect (β = -0.470, p = 0.053). These findings demonstrate that effective risk management, particularly in prevention, transfer, and retention, enhances NGO project performance by improving cost control, timely completion, scope adherence, and output quality. The study contributes to knowledge on risk management in humanitarian projects and provides practical guidance for NGO managers, policymakers, and donors. It recommends continuous improvement of risk management systems, emphasizing risk prevention and transfer, and calls for future research on integrating emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and predictive analytics into NGO project management.
Effect of Agroecological Origin on Honey Antibacterial Activity against Select Pathogenic Bacteria, Its Phytochemical and Bacillus Species Profiles
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Gatero, Angela Wairimu
Risks to human health posed by multidrug-resistant bacteria have been a menace to public health. Honey's content; bioactive organic compounds and bacteria population, have shown promise for the development of new antibiotics. Profiling Bacillus bacteria can serve as a scientific lead for discovering bioactive compounds with potential medical application. Honey’s phytochemical composition and bacteria diversity play an essential part in its antibacterial activity. Research has enhanced our understanding of honey therapeutic antibacterial potential, but its application in clinical care is still limited. This study determined the influence of agroecological origin on antibacterial profile of honey, its diversity of Bacillus bacteria species and phytochemicals. A total of 54 samples were collected from Manyatta and Marigat regions of Embu and Baringo counties. Phytochemicals were extracted using the methanolic maceration method involving dissolution, filtration, and concentration with a rotary evaporator at 40 °C. They were quantified using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). This was followed by an analysis of the honey extracts for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. To isolate pure Bacillus bacteria species, the honey samples were serially diluted to reduce bacterial concentration, heat-treated to select for spore-forming bacteria, and plated on HiChrome Bacillus agar. The isolates were identified using morphological and biochemical methods. The PCR products of the DNA from the isolates were shipped to the Netherlands' Macrogen laboratory for sequencing using the Sanger technology. Genetic diversity was determined based on the sequencing of 16s rRNA. The findings showed that both honey extracts from the two locations exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The honey extracts from Manyatta Constituency, Embu County exhibited a noticeably greater activity….
Risk Management Strategy and Performance of Construction Projects in Homa Bay County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-01) Anyango, Oketch Carolyne
To improve accessibility in remote areas, Homa Bay County has carried out a major road restoration project that includes building a primary route every administrative ward. Through the expansion of piped water infrastructure, the County has made impressive strides in extending shoreline amenities. However, data research shows that just 15% of the construction projects the County commissioned between 2019 and 2023 are still partially operational, with the remaining projects becoming obsolete and untraceable once the funding ended. Homa Bay's agreement to build 400 affordable homes is already 70% advanced. The Homa Bay County Referral Hospital's outpatient block, which is expected to be finished by the end of 2021, is currently 80% complete. On the other hand, the Maternity Wing renovation project has been stalled since 2022, the Rachuonyo Outpatient Block improvement is still in its early stages, the Homa Bay Raila Odinga Stadium project is 50% complete, and the lakefront development project, which was started in 2022, is still unfinished. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the influence of risk management strategies on performance of construction projects in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The specific objectives include to determine the effects of risk retention strategy, risk avoidance strategy, risk transfer strategy and risk reduction strategy on construction projects performance in Homa Bay County, Kenya. Project management theories, corporate risk management, contingency planning, and contemporary portfolio management served as the study's compass. The study utilized a design known as a descriptive research design. This study focused on seven construction projects in Homa Bay County, Kenya, that began in 2019 and were still ongoing as of 2022. There were 85 respondents in all. In Homa Bay County, Kenya, 78 members of the project and 7 managers of the project took part in the study. Population sample of 85 participants was conducted. The primary instrument employed for obtaining data is semi structured questionnaire. 8 respondents who were excluded from the main sample participated in the pilot study. The study employed a content validity test to assess the questionnaires’ validity. Coefficient of Cronbach's alpha was adopted to assess the reliability of the questionnaire items. The qualitative data was presented narratively after a theme analysis that aligned with the research objectives. Conversely, quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. In particular, the inferential statistics were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The diagnostic tests included the multicollinearity test, normality test and autocorrelation test. The results indicated that the total performance of these projects was positively correlated with the application of risk avoidance, retention, transfer, and reduction measures. According to the findings of this survey, companies that highly prioritize proactive management and transparent risk avoidance are more likely to boost stakeholder trust and enhance project performance. Retaining risk encourages adaptation and ongoing improvement, both of which are critical for negotiating the challenges of project execution. By shifting some risks to third parties, like insurers or subcontractors, project managers can lessen the financial effect of unanticipated events. Successful risk-reduction techniques contribute to the timely, budget- friendly, and high-standard completion of projects. According to the report, the County should use SWOT analysis and other techniques to identify potential hazards throughout the project design phase by conducting thorough risk assessments. To recognize any risks that are likely to impact project performance, the Homa Bay County administration should host thorough risk identification workshops that involve all stakeholders. To precisely identify any risks at every stage of the project, the County should lead thorough brainstorming sessions with stakeholders.
Project Planning and Performance of Livestock Projects at International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Gitau, Sabina
In order to stay on course and accomplish their goals, project managers rely on performance metrics, which offer insightful information to implementers, funders, practitioners, and researchers. Sadly, only 60% of the International Livestock Research Institute's (ILRI) projects were finished on time, suggesting a pervasive issue with project failure. In this sense, it was necessary to determine the factors that affected the project's success. This study aimed to examine the project planning impact on the performance of livestock projects at ILRI, Kenya. The specific study focus was on understanding the scope planning, risk management, time management, and financial resource planning impacts on the performance of livestock projects at ILRI. The work was informed by a critical chain project management theory as it was supported by the theories of constraints, change, and contingency. The target population for the study consisted of 200 projects at ILRI. There were 152 key informants including project managers, their assistants, monitoring and evaluation officers, project leaders, project coordinators and project finance managers from ILRI, Kenya. Out of this population, a total of 110 individuals were selected using the stratified random selection method. Collection of primary data was undertaken by questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used for data analysis. The study used standard deviation, mean score and frequencies in descriptively analysing the data. Inferential analysis involved multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation. Analysis of variance determined whether the model was appropriate for the purpose. Tables and graphs were used for data display to facilitate data interpretation. The study emphasized how crucial project scope planning, risk management, financial resource planning, and time management are to the successful completion of livestock production projects at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya. It also showed that efficient planning, resource allocation, and organized risk mitigation are the keys to better project outcomes. ILRI can improve project efficiency, coordination, and timely completion under this management paradigm, all of which help livestock efforts succeed and be sustainable. In summary, therefore, it is recommended that ILRI improve Project Scope Planning by implementing standardized management procedures, integrate centralized framework and proactive strategies to risk management, adopt robust financial resource planning with regular audits and training of project managers, and enhance time management with standardized tools and training. Improved allocation of resources, reducing risks, and thus improved timelines will, therefore, improve the success rates of livestock projects at ILR
Project Management Capabilities and Sustainability of Water Projects Funded by the County Government of Makueni, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-02) Kaluma, Mutevu
Water infrastructure projects are vital for ensuring access to clean water and promoting sustainable development in rural areas. However, there is lack of sustainability of water projects in Makueni County caused by inadequate infrastructure a lack of community inclusion, insufficient finance, and a lack of usage of current technologies that directs supervision and maintenance operations as 67% of water projects in the county have been shut down for five years or more, forcing residents of the semi-arid region to trek 15-30 kilometers looking for water. This research project aimed at assessing the effect of project management capabilities on sustainability of water projects funded by the county government of Makueni, Kenya. This research was based on four specific objectives namely: To establish the effect of management commitment and the sustainability of water projects; to assess the role of stakeholder participation and the sustainability of water projects; to determine the influence resource allocation and the sustainability of water projects; and to ascertain the relevance of Digital Inclusion and the sustainability of water projects funded by the county government of Makueni, Kenya. This research was guided by the stakeholder theory, RBV theory and technology acceptance model. A descriptive research approach was employed in the study. Data was obtained from 43 completed water projects with a target population of 100 stakeholders. Stratified random sampling method was employed to select a sample size of 85 respondents. Primary data was gathered utilizing questionnaires which will serve as the instrument for data collection. Pilot test was conducted on the data collection instrument to confirm the validity and reliability of the data measured by Cronbach’s Alpha test. The quantitative data collected was analyzed with descriptive and inferential analysis and result were displayed in the form of tables, charts graphs and other statistical tools. All ethical considerations was fully upheld. The study established that management commitment (β=0.061, p=0.004), stakeholder participation (β=0.1085, p=0.002), resource allocation (β=0.223, p=0.003) and (β=0.3304, p=0.002) had a positive significant effect on the sustainability of water projects funded by the county government of Makueni, Kenya. The study concludes that the management commitment ensures that the necessary resources, including financial, human, and technical, are allocated to the water projects. Involving community members, local leaders, NGOs, and government agencies in planning, implementation, and monitoring ensures that projects meet community needs. By carefully prioritizing and distributing resources such as funding, manpower, and materials, the county government can ensure that projects are implemented efficiently and effectively. Digital inclusion improves communication and engagement with local communities which help to build trust and collaboration between the government and the community, leading to more sustainable and successful water projects. The study recommends that to enhance management commitment to water project sustainability in Makueni, Kenya can be through establishing clear goals and objectives. The County government of Makueni, Kenya should involve community members, local leaders, and other relevant stakeholders in the planning, implementation, and monitoring of these projects. Enhancing resource allocation methods involves implementing more efficient and effective strategies to ensure that the limited resources available for water projects in Makueni County are utilized in a sustainable manner. The County government should invest in technology infrastructure such as mobile apps and online platforms that provide real-time information on water availability, quality, and usage.
Cash Transfer Program and Education Access by Orphans in Public Secondary Schools in Kiambu County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Karanja, Faith
The cash transfer program in Kiambu County, Kenya has significantly improved educational access for orphans in public secondary schools. But the County's cash transfer programs for disadvantaged children are only helping a tiny fraction of the orphans enrolled in public secondary schools. Consequently, the purpose of this research is to examine how a cash transfer program in Kiambu County, Kenya, affects the number of orphans able to attend public secondary schools there. The particular goals of this study were to determine how factors such as program coverage, distribution channels, targeting techniques, frequency of payments, and quantity of cash delivered affect the ability of orphans in Kiambu County, Kenya to attend public secondary schools for their education. Both capital theory and the theory of educational transformation served as frameworks for our investigation. The research strategy for this study is a descriptive one. We were directed by efforts on the secondary public schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. According to the Kiambu County Children's Office (2023), 540 beneficiary homes were surveyed. Additionally, 10 members of the Beneficiary Welfare Committee and 5 members of the Constituency Social Assistance Committee were asked to participate as respondents. Participants were chosen from each category using a simple random selection procedure, once the research sample has been selected using a stratified sampling method. A total of 232 people were included in the sample. The main data was gathered via a structured questionnaire. There was a total of 23 participants in the pilot trial. In order to prove that the evaluation measures what it claimed to, the study used validity procedures such as content validity, criteria validity, and face validity. The questionnaire's reliability was assessed using a Cronbach's alpha (α) test. The findings were presented in narrative form once the theme analysis approach has been applied to the qualitative data gathered from the open-ended questions. The quantitative data was analyzed using statistical methods that include standard deviation and mean. Data was shown visually via the use of tables and figures. The study found that the amount of cash distributed, frequency of payment, targeting mechanisms, delivery channels and program coverage were significantly related to the education access by orphans in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study concludes that a higher cash distribution amount directly correlates with the ability of orphans to pay school fees and purchase necessary supplies such as textbooks, uniforms, and stationery. The monthly payments make education more accessible for families with irregular income, allowing them to budget more effectively. When orphans receive focused support, enrollment rates in public secondary schools generally rise. Programs that engage local communities in the educational process can be especially advantageous for orphans, as they often offer additional assistance, mentorship, and resources tailored to the needs of these vulnerable children. Factors such as the location of schools and the availability of transportation significantly influence orphans' ability to attend school. The study suggests that the County should seek grants from international organizations, NGOs, and foundations dedicated to education and child welfare. Additionally, the County should advocate for increased government funding specifically designated for orphans and vulnerable children in the education sector. It is also recommended that the County promote collaboration among government agencies, private sector partners, and educational institutions to establish sustainable funding and support systems. Furthermore, the County should implement community outreach initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of education
Management Information System Integration and Performance of Corporate Institutions in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Yebei, Evans Kiprotich
The ongoing expansion of the market, coupled with rapid technological advancements, has greatly influenced the increasing demand for superior services from consumers. As a result, many organizations, including Kenya Railways, are adopting technological solutions such as Management Information Systems (MIS) to enhance their operational efficiency and service delivery. However, insufficient integration of MIS can lead to poor data sharing among various organizational departments, which in turn can cause a significant drop in productivity within the organization. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of management information system integration on the performance of corporate entities in Kenya, with a particular emphasis on Kenya Railways Corporation. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the influence of financial management information systems, procurement management information systems, and financial management information systems on the performance of corporate institutions in Kenya. The study was guided by multiple theoretical frameworks, such as the resource-based view theory, technology acceptance theory, agency theory, and the balanced scorecard model. This study employed a descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was state-owned corporation with a particular focus on Kenya Railways. Stratified sampling methods were utilized, and participants were chosen through a simple random sampling approach, targeting a final sample size of 385 people. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather primary data. Prior to data collection, a pilot test was performed with 38 participants from the same organization, accounting for 10% of the overall population, and this group was not included in the final analysis. Construct and content validity were evaluated, while reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. The quantitative information was examined through descriptive statistics, concentrating on means and standard deviations, and displayed in tables and charts. Qualitative data underwent thematic analysis, while inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis, were also applied. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between financial, procurement, marketing, and human resource management information systems and the performance of Kenya Railways Corporation. The study concludes that the Financial Management Information System (FMIS) provides accurate and timely financial information, enabling KRC to make informed decisions on budget allocations and financial planning. The Procurement Management Information System enhances procurement activities, reducing the time and effort of manual processes, while the Marketing Management Information System offers valuable insights into market trends and customer preferences. The human resource management systems streamline recruitment by speeding up job postings, applications, and candidate tracking. The study recommends enhancing the financial management information system with user-friendly, scalable technology for large data management. It also emphasizes ensuring compatibility of the procurement management system with KRC's financial, inventory, and project management systems. Additionally, a centralized database should be established to consolidate data from customer interactions, sales, market trends, and competitor analysis. Finally, integrating the human resource management system with payroll, finance, and project management systems is essential
Monitoring and Evaluation Systems and Strategic Plan Implementation within State Corporations in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-12) Japhason, Bii
State corporations are government-owned businesses, boards, or organizations that assist the government in carrying out some crucial tasks and are significant participants in the provision of public services. Most governments have formed State Corporations to assist social and economic growth globally. The Government of Kenya has acknowledged the importance of state corporations for development since the country's independence to accelerate social and economic advancement, address regional economic imbalances, and increase the economic participation of Kenyans hence, the functioning of Kenyan State Corporations is crucial for the nation's macro- and microeconomic development. Despite the critical role of state corporations in Kenya's development, inefficiencies in strategic plan implementation persist due to inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems, as evidenced by financial losses exceeding KSh 10 billion. This investigation aims at determining the effects of monitoring and evaluation systems on the implementation of strategic plan within state corporations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The investigation was in specific assess the effects of data collection efficiency, data reporting and feedback mechanism on the implementation of strategic plan within state corporations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The investigation was guided by theory of change, stakeholder, and systems theory. A descriptive study design guided the suggested assessment. The target population for the present investigation was the 248 state corporations within Nairobi City County Kenya as at 2023. The units of analysis were the state corporations whereas the units of observation were the heads of the state corporations in the 248 state corporations. Employing a stratified random sampling approach, responses was generated randomly from amongst the heads of the corporations totaling one hundred and fifty-three 154 respondents. Primary data was gathered using the drop and pick method and the instrument that was utilized was structured questionnaires. Prior to the primary data collection, a 20-person pilot study was done to assess the investigation's validity and reliability. The reliability of the instrument was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and a cut-off point of 0.7 was adopted as the threshold for reliability. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and depicted using tables, graphs and charts. To ensure the validity and reliability of our regression estimates, the study implemented the following diagnostic tests; multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and normality. This study strictly adhered to all established ethical guidelines for research which include seeking the consent of participants before conducting the survey, in compliance with institutional review board requirements and national research ethics standards. Findings revealed that data collection efficiency has an inverse and insignificant effect on strategic plan implementation. The outcome also noted that data reporting demonstrated a positive and significant effect on strategic plan implementation. Feedback mechanism designated a significant positive effect on strategic plan implementation within state corporations in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study recommends that the state-owned enterprises need to put in place standardized, institutionalized, timely, and open procedures for reporting data. These procedures should provide for the availability in real-time of performance data for all relevant managerial levels. This effort should include applying technology-based reporting systems that would enhance data visualization as well as communication in order to allow for constant tracking and adjustment of performance by managers as needed.
Project Constraints and Performance of Residential Construction Projects in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Muiru, Waigumo Sarah
Construction projects are characterized by their intricate nature, encompassing numerous interconnected operations executed in a seamless manner to prevent exceeding allocated budget and timeline retaining quality. Residential construction projects in Nairobi face constraints that affect planning, design, and execution, leading to delays, budget overruns and compromised quality. Rapid urban population growth and inadequate infrastructure aggravate housing shortages, making it critical to understand and manage these constraints to ensure successful project performance. The research conducted primarily sought to validate the influence of project constraints on the performance of residential construction projects within Nairobi County. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the influence of legal, technical, environmental, economic and social project constraints on performance of residential construction projects in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories namely, theory of constraints, black swan theory and decision theory and the descriptive research design was employed in this research. The participant population targeted for this study consisted of 334 construction project managers who are registered members of the Architectural Association of Kenya (AAK) and the Institute of Construction Project Managers (ICPMK). The study sample involved 77 respondents selected based on a calculated target population of 334, with a 90% confidence level and a 0.1 margin of error, using the Yamane formula and convenience sampling was employed to identify respondents. Through the process of pilot testing the research instruments, the validity and reliability of the research instruments as well as the results of the study were obtained. The data collection process entailed the direct acquisition of information from the respondents through the utilization of both physical and online questionnaires, contingent upon the respondents' individual preferences. The acquired data was analysed using the SPSS statistical software, which utilises descriptive statistics. From the findings of the study, it is clear that the performance of residential projects in Nairobi is greatly impacted by the presence of project constraints, which negatively impact the timeline, budget, and quality of the projects. The majority of projects are currently in progress, with a substantial number on hold or abandoned, and only a few were completed. The study results showed that most construction projects were initiated after the year 2020. Economic constraints such as difficulties in obtaining loans from banks and financial institution, inflation and interest rate increase, limited resources/ budget limits had the greatest impact and were noted to be extremely impactful to the performance of residential construction projects. Legal constraints such as safety regulations, acquiring construction permits, prevalent corruption in the permit approval process, and delays in project approval followed in close succession were noted to be impactful to performance. Technical constraints were also noted to be impactful this includes restrictive site area/congested surroundings and inadequate storage and handling areas. Environmental constraints such as unforeseen climate changes, traffic and transportation challenges were impactful to project performance. Social constraints such as political dynamics within a region and ownership issues regarding land and construction site had the least impact on the performance of residential construction projects. The study recommends that construction companies should adopt comprehensive project cost estimation techniques, engage with legal experts early in projects, implement comprehensive environmental management plans and improve technical capabilities by providing advanced training for skilled labor and introducing modern construction techniques in order to enhance performance of residential construction projects.
Risk Management Strategies and Performance of National Government Constituency Development Funds Projects in Ruiru Constituency, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Mwathe, Joyce Makena
Kenya's national government's constituency development fund is one of example of projects which are launched with the goal of fixing particular difficulties or fulfilling community needs. The CDF tries to devolve national resources to the community level in order to foster economic development, which would contribute to overall national economic growth and poverty elimination. According to research, a substantial portion of Kenyan counties are experiencing appalling project performance from constituency development fund initiatives. This study addressed the influence of risk management strategies on the performance of National Government Constituency Development Fund (NG-CDF) projects in Ruiru Constituency, Kenya. Four specific objectives served as the research's guide: to determine the effect of risk acceptance, risk transference, risk avoidance, and risk reduction on the performance of NG-CDF projects. The study was anchored on Prospect Theory, Enterprise Risk Management Theory, Portfolio Theory, and the Theory of Constraints. The study adopted a descriptive design targeting 53 firms with a total of 371 respondents drawn from key departments, including Production, Information Technology, Procurement and Supply Chain, Quality Control, Finance, Marketing, and Human Resource/Administration. A stratified random sampling strategy was applied to guarantee representation across departments following a sample size of 193 respondents was established using Yamane's formula. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires, which were pretested for validity and reliability attaining a Cronbach's alpha value greater than 0.7. Regression analysis and other descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that risk management techniques and project performance were significantly positively correlated. Specifically, risk reduction and avoidance had the most substantial impact, while risk acceptance was least effective. The study concluded that effective risk management strategies enhance project success by minimizing uncertainties and improving financial and operational efficiency. It recommended that NG-CDF committees should adopt structured risk management frameworks, enhance stakeholder training, and leverage technology for real-time risk assessment. The study adds to the body of knowledge already available on risk management in public projects and offers stakeholders, project managers, and policymakers’ helpful recommendations on how to maximize risk strategies for better project performance
Project Planning Practices and Performance of Road Construction Projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-11) Onwong’a, Nyakundi Wesley
Despite the substantial funding that the Government consistently allocates to road infrastructure initiatives, an estimated 55 per cent of all road development initiatives in the City County of Nairobi encounter cost overruns and fail to meet the required quality benchmarks. This study examined how project planning methodologies affect the execution outcomes of Nairobi City County's road infrastructure development sector. The research specifically set out to investigate the contribution of the project budget management, project risk management, project communication management, and project schedule management to the performance of road construction in Nairobi City County. The analysis was structured around the theory of constraints, the cybernetics theory, the enterprise risk management theory, and the resource allocation theory. An explanatory research framework was implemented to explore directional relationships between planning methodologies and performance outcomes. The sampling technique used was a Non-Probability, Purposive Sampling technique, specifically a combination of Judgmental and Criterion-Based sampling. This investigation identified 21 road construction projects within Nairobi City County's jurisdiction as the finite population for this investigation. The research utilised complete enumeration, securing participation from the entire population of 63 qualified respondents. Before the main study, a pilot study was conducted on two road projects in Kiambu County, surveying six randomly selected managers to test and validate the research instruments for validity and reliability. Semi-structured questionnaires served as the principal research tool, enabling comprehensive data acquisition from the entire sample population. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS v.22, producing descriptive summaries and inferential test results. The analytical approach comprised both descriptive statistics methods, including percentages, frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations, and inferential methods, including Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on a comprehensive study of road construction projects, the findings reveal strong positive outcomes and effective planning practices: 82.76 per cent of participants reported projects staying within budget, 87.94 per cent confirmed schedule adherence, and 89.66 per cent affirmed meeting quality standards. The implementation of core planning practices received widespread endorsement, with 84.48 per cent agreeing that budget approaches were thorough, 89.66 per cent confirming accurate schedule estimation frameworks, 87.93 per cent expressing confidence in risk documentation, and 86.21 per cent reporting frequent stakeholder communication. Overall performance scored a mean of 3.83 alongside a planning practices mean of 3.68, demonstrating successful implementation across all domains, though standard deviations of 1.08 to 1.25 indicated some variation in participant perspectives. Derived from the empirical analysis of road construction projects in Nairobi City County, this study confirms that four core planning practices—schedule, risk, budget, and communication management—significantly enhance project performance. Regression results identify schedule management as the strongest predictor, followed by risk, budget, and communication management, all with statistically significant effects. To optimise outcomes, the study recommends that project teams adopt advanced scheduling tools, enforce rigorous financial controls, implement continuous risk monitoring, and use dedicated digital platforms for stakeholder communication. It further advises policymakers to develop enforceable regulatory frameworks that standardise these practices. This research provides actionable guidance for project teams, practical insights for clients, and a foundation for future academic work
Contractors Capacity and Performance of Road Construction Projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2025-10) Wahuga, Stella Wamaitha
Research on project performance emphasizes adherence to cost and schedule, which is crucial for achieving objectives and maintaining quality. In Kenya, 56% of road construction projects experience cost overruns, delays, and poor outcomes. This study addresses gaps in understanding contractor capacity specifically financial, technical, managerial, and regulatory compliance to improve road construction performance in Nairobi. It assesses contractors' capacity and its effect on the outcomes of road construction initiatives. The main aim was to investigate how the competence of contractors affects the execution of specific road projects within the county. The specific objectives included evaluating the effects of contractors' financial capacity, regulatory compliance, technical expertise, and organizational capabilities on project performance. The study aimed to benefit government stakeholders, as well as private and public contractors specializing in road development. It drew insights from the Cost-Benefit Analysis Model, Stakeholder Theory, Theory of Constraints, and the RBV. A descriptive research design was employed, targeting five road projects within Nairobi City County. Respondents included engineers from the Ministry of Roads, technical auditors, contractor consultants, and engineers from the KURA, totaling 75 individuals responsible for overseeing road construction in the county. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires, while analysis involved quantitative methods, including descriptive and inferential analyses. Descriptive analysis provided key statistical insights such as mean, standard deviation, and percentages for data summarization, while inferential analysis employed correlation and multiple linear regression to explore relationships between the study variables. The findings revealed an R-square value of 0.727, indicating that 72.7% of variations in road construction project performance in Nairobi City County were explained by contractors' capacities technical, financial, organizational, and regulatory compliance while 27.3% were attributed to other factors. To enhance road construction project performance, contractors should improve technical capacity through training, modern technology adoption, and skilled personnel. Strengthening financial capacity, enhancing organizational structures, and ensuring regulatory compliance are also crucial. Future research should explore technological advancements, financial models, leadership roles, regulatory impacts, and broader geographic comparisons

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