MST-School of Business

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This collections contains bibliographic information and abstracts of Master theses and dissertation in the School of Business held in Kenyatta University Library

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A survey of factors affecting safety and health practices of manufacturing firms' within the tea sector in Kenya:a case study of KTDA ltd managed factories, West of Rift
(2011-08-24) Koech, K. H.; Bett, S. K.; Murungi J.
This study intended to investigate the factors that affect safety and health practices of manufacturing firm's within the tea sector in Kenya by taking a survey study of KTDA Ltd managed factories, West of Rift. Traditionally, the company has enjoyed virtual monopoly in the tea sector which has grown over the years hence made Kenya a formidable world tea producer. However, competition from substitute products, new entrantsin tea business, supplier and demand bargaining power and competition rivalry have transformed the tea business environment. The objectives of the study were to investigate the factors of employee training, customer demands, Gov't legislation and adoption of requirements on ISO certification in work place safety and health practices. The significance of the study will be to KTDA top management and staff, the Gov't Especially the Ministry of Labour and Human Resource Development, potential investors intea beverage sub-sector and future researchers' interested in this field. The study adopted a descriptive research design using structured and unstructured questionnaires as an instrument for data collection. Three districts were used for the purposes of the study to identify a target population size of 1872. A further sample size of 192 respondents (48 managers, 48 supervisors and 96 workers) were selected using a stratified random method for the study as it gives every element an equal chance of inclusion in the stratum. The findings of the study were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics that included Frequency tables, graphs and pie charts based on the research questions designed at the beginning of the study and completed by the respondents. Conclusions and inferences were drawn from the results about the tea industry on safety and health practices. The researcher at the end of the study proved safety and health practices/standards are affected by the factors under study. Conversely, when an organization pursues favourable safety and health practices, it has a positive (+ve) effect on the employee and company performance even in a rival and competitive business environment.
Academic Self-Concept and Achievement Motivation as Predictors of Academic Achievement among Form Three Students in Secondary Schools in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2024-06) Ndungu,Rahab Wanjiru
In present-day cultural and socio-economic context, the world is becoming more and more competitive. When education is regarded as a passage to affluence and a key factor for personal and social development, great emphasis is placed on students’ academic achievement throughout the learning process. Low academic achievement may negatively impact on learners’ psychological wellbeing and cause substantial stress on parents, who may subsequently pressurize their children to perform. There were many aspects that might have been associated with low academic achievement, including environmental, pedagogical and psychological factors. More specifically, this study focused on two psychological factors, namely achievement motivation, and academic self-concept (ASC) among learners in secondary schools. The purpose therefore was to determine the relationship between academic self-concept and achievement motivation on academic achievement among form three students in secondary schools in Kirinyaga East sub-county, Kirinyaga County. The objectives guiding the research aimed at determining the relationship between academic self-concept; achievement motivation and academic achievement, establish the prediction equation of academic achievement from academic self-concept, and achievement motivation, and to investigate if there was difference of gender in academic self-concept and academic motivation on academic achievement among form three students in secondary schools in Kirinyaga East sub-county. The study was founded on achievement motivation theory by McClelland (1953), and self-concept theory (1959) by Carl Rogers. Using correlational research design, the researcher targeted to draw inferences from a population of 2,500 students in form three across all public secondary schools in Kirinyaga East sub-county. Three hundred and eighty students from 11 schools were selected through proportionate, purposive, stratified and stratified random sampling techniques. A questionnaire incorporating adapted ASCA, and SAMRS scales, as well as end of term examination records were used as instruments. A Pilot study for instrument pretesting involved 40 form three students drawn from one school that was not selected for the main study. Central tendency, frequency counts and distribution variability were utilised as descriptive statistics, and correlation and multiple regression as inferential statistics. The results indicated that significant positive relationship was established between ASC and learners’ scores on academic achievement (r (359) = .14, p< 0.01). A positive and significant relationship was also established between learners’ achievement motivation and academic achievement scores (r (359) = .19, p< 0.01). Motivation, and creativity as domains of ASC were significantly correlated with scores on academic achievement, while among the domains of achievement motivation, significant correlation was noted between overcoming obstacles, goal orientation, learners’ scores on academic achievement. It was established that there was minimal predictive value of academic achievement from combined effect of academic self-concept, and achievement motivation. Significant differences in gender were established in both ASC, achievement motivation, and academic achievement favoring female students. Among the recommendations include the need for education ministry through its training and capacity building institutions to equip teachers with skills aimed at developing key components of ASC, and achievement motivation. The study further recommended that schools ought to promote instructional strategies aimed at promoting components of ASC and achievement motivation found to have been strongly linked to academic achievement. There was need for schools to devise practical intervention strategies targeted on boys as a measure of narrowing differences of gender in ASC, and achievement motivation.
Access to Capital Finance and Performance of Small Scale Farms in Nyandarua County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2023-11) Njui, William Ndung’u; Jeremiah Koori
As per the World Bank, the common farmer in Sub-Saharan Africa delivers only one ton of grain for every hectare, which is less than 50% of what an Indian farmer creates, a fourth of what a Chinese rancher produces, and a fifth of what an American rancher produces. The situation is equally worrying in the food basket region of Nyandarua County-Central Kenya, where the productivity of major crops produced like potatoes, peas and cabbages has been constant or declining significantly in recent years, even as the population continues to increase. Latest Food and Agricultural Organisation statistics show a country wide drop from an average of twenty tonnes per hectare for potatoes in the year 2010 to nine tonnes per hectare in 2020. This points out to dwindling financial fortunes for the Kenyan farmer. Access to capital finance is considered an important factor in growing the yields of populations in rural areas, primarily by marshalling resources to more fruitful activities. The general objective of this study is to establish the effect of access to capital finance on the performance of small scale farms in Nyandarua County. The specific objectives include identifying the effect of money market, cost of credit, terms of credit and, financial knowledge on the performance of small scale farmers in Nyandarua County. Finance and growth theory, finance and inequality theory are the two main theories that guided the research. The study used descriptive research design whereby questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Proportionate sampling technique was applied to select the required sample size. The sampling frame was proportionately calculated as per the sub-counties population in the 2019 Census using a sample of 100 farms. The study applied panel random effect regression model. Statistical Package for Social Sciences STATA, was used to analyse the data. Multiple regressions was applied for analysis of data. The study establishes that costs of credit, terms of credit and financial knowledge significantly influence the performance of small scale farmers in the county while money market has insignificant influence. Other factors that influence the performance of small scale farmers are education level and account ownership. The study recommends that financial institutions should lower lending rates to small scale farmers to enable financial flow in order to enhance crop yield and spur economic growth for the farmers and Kenya at large. Further, the financial institutions should provide credit at affordable terms by extending repayment period to allow the farmers to harvest their produce, sell and then make repayment. Further research should be carried out in other counties to determine which factors influence crop production to promote food security and accelerate economic growth. Further studies should also be done to determine what contributes to low agricultural yield, even though Kenya is considered to have a well-developed financial sector to support agricultural production. Lastly, research should be done to determine the insignificant influence of money market on the performance of small scale famers in Kenya and how it can be harnessed to increase agricultural productivity.
Accessibility to financing by micro and small enterprises in Kenya : a case of Gikomba Market Nairobi
(2011-11-11) Lipio, Mugambi
Small and Medium Enterprises (SME's) are important for raising the economic efficiency of a country. They are breeding grounds for entrepreneurship, innovations and inventions hence a reservoir for employment. Sustainable jobs, creates income which in turn reduces the level of poverty. In Kenya, the SME's have not grown to any notable impact often citing lack of finance. The Kenyan financial system is marked by a dualistic structure. It is characterized by the existence side by side of formal and informal financial markets. The informal suppliers of credit make up in part for the provision of the financial services. This then raises the issue on what determines whether the financial institutions will advance to the SME's credit.The objective of the study was to investigate the accessibility to financing availability by SME's in Kenya, with a special reference to Gikomba Market in Nairobi. The constraints faced in accessing formal credit and the awareness of the financing from the formal sources to the SME's was addressed. The study was intended to be of help to individual entrepreneurs, investors, banks, micro finance organization, and the government as well as other researchers and in creating and facilitating enabling credit policies to SME's in Kenya.The study used stratified random sampling and then applied the simple random sampling to select respondents from the selected stratas. There were 10 categories of respondents or stratas where 10 respondents were picked randomly from each category and therefore, 100 respondents were studied. Data was gathered using questionnaires. and observations.The data was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). It was then presented in tables, graphs, and pie chart and cross tabulations. Based on the. findings, data and descriptive statistics were provided as well as the conclusions of the findings and recommendations.The research results revealed that institutional credit to SME's has been substantially used despite the current strong interest of the credit. Interest rates, collateral requirement, cumbersome documentation and time involved were investigated and were found out to be some of the factors constraining access to formal credit.
Accountability and Financial Sustainability of Public Governance Non‐Government Organization in Nairobi County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2018-10) Chelangat, Veronica
Nongovernmental organizations play key role in delivering education, healthcare, social aid and other welfare activities in most developing countries like Kenya and hence their financial sustainability cannot be ignored. Financial sustainability requires that NGOs be able to meet all their resource and financing obligations and remain in existence for unforeseeable future. However, just a small number (10 percent) of NGOs that had managed to achieve a desirable level of institutional and financial sustainability. The studies conducted have mainly focused on the outcome of the projects, capacity building, and stakeholder involvement rather than the factors influencing the financial sustainability aspect. Additionally, little mention is made on the financial sustainability of NGOs which may be due to them being associated with having unlimited donor funding. This implies that the issue of NGO sustainability is yet to be fully explored and hence NGOs managements are not fully informed on the effect accountability has on financial sustainability and may continue to suffer from lack financial sustainability. The study sought to determine the effect of accountability on public governance NGO financial sustainability. Specifically, the study determined the effect of financial planning, financial monitoring and evaluation and financial controls on financial sustainability of public governance NGOs in Nairobi County. The study also examined the moderating effect of NGO financial regulation on the relationship between accountability and NGO financial sustainability. The study was guided by resource mobilization theory, agency theory and fraud theory. The study adopted descriptive research design and data was collected using primary means which was through the use of questionnaires. The study target population was the 550 public governance NGOs in Nairobi County dealing with public governance. Systematic sampling technique was used to identify 15 percent of the population as the respondents where every 6th organization was studied. The collected data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. SPSS was used for data entry, descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Diagnostic tests done included multicollinearity, test for normality and Heteroscedasticity. Data was collected by use of questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study found out that the independent variables Financial Control (r=0.685, p<0.05), Financial Planning (r=0.438, p<0.05) and Financial Monitoring and Evaluation (r=0.597, p<0.05) had positive and significant effect on NGO financial sustainability. Regulatory Framework was established not to have moderating impact on the relationship between accountability and financial sustainability (F-change=1.037, p-change=0.312). Accountability was found to have a positive and significant effect on NGO financial sustainability (r=.709, p<0.05). The study concluded that high number of NGOs were not sustainable a problem which could be addressed through NGOs improving their accountability practices. The study recommended that the management at the NGOs to work towards improving accountability practices with aim of enhancing financial sustainability of the NGOs.
Accounting Information Systems and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
(Kenyatta University, 2023) Mwangi, Stephen; John Mungai
Maintaining solid accounting1records is a significant component that contributes1to appropriate decision-making because it is the source of essential informational1requirements. Indeed, in the SME sector, the quality of accounting information used has a favorable link with an entity's success. In small and medium businesses, information and technology adoption is slow and has also harmed SMEs in Kirinyaga County and Kenya. The issue of poor accounting system acceptance can be linked to the initial goal of adopting information technology, which was primarily aimed to substitute the manual accounting processes, which has since hampered future use and investigation of the systems' benefits. This study sought to determine how accounting11information systems, influence the financial1performance of SMEs. Precisely the research sought to evaluate the influence of accounting information1systems records, accounting information1systems service quality, accounting information1systems data quality and accounting systems quality on the SMEs financial performance in Kirinyaga1County Kenya. The findings of this study helped SMEs improve their financial reporting and record-keeping which will benefit management in monitoring, planning on decision making ensuring their survival1in the business sector. The population of interest comprised of 1420 owners and managers which were registered with Ministry of Trade in Kirinyaga County. The descriptive research technique was used for this study. The population of interest comprised of 1,420 owners and managers which were registered with Ministry of Trade in Kirinyaga. Stratified sampling through the use of Yamane’s formula was applied. Primary1data was used for this study and was obtained using a questionnaire which was quantitative in nature and thus close-ended questions was used. Quantitative data analysis using descriptive statistics was adopted. Additionally a multiple regression and Pearson correlation analysis was used.The accounting information systems1records had a significant positive effect on financial performance of SMEs in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. This indicates that improving the way SMEs store and prepare their buy and sales ledgers helps enhance their financial performance. This indicates that financial success has a very strong positive relationship with competent bookkeeping. The results on accounting information systems service quality indicates that the variable had a positive and significant effect on financial performance. The results on accounting information systems data quality indicated that the variable had a positive and significant effect on financial performance. The accounting information systems quality had a positive significant effect on financial performance. The SMEs have made significant investments in accounting information system quality in order to improve their day-to-day operations. But to majority of the SMEs such an investment does not produce the intended results due to system failure, system error, and the generation of incorrect data, all of which impact decision-making processes. Relevance, correctness, understandability, and dependability of the accounting information systems quality were evaluated with performance, based on the premise that there is a link between accounting information quality and small and medium company performance.
Accounting Information Systems and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Mombasa County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2023) Kirigha, Francisca Wanjala; Peter Ng'ang'a
Manually entering and documenting everyday business transactions has become impractical; organisations have realised the usefulness of adopting accounting information systems to improve their performance. An accounting information system is a data management and processing system that provides managers with the information they need to plan, manage and run a business. The study aimed to examine the effect of accounting information systems on the financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study's objectives were to see how record-keeping systems, financial reporting systems, budget control systems, and cash management systems affected the financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County, Kenya. The Technology Acceptance Model, Agency Theory and Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour were used to drive the study. This study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted 1640 small and medium enterprises located in Mombasa central business district that have been in operation for more than five years. 268 small and medium enterprises managers/owners were chosen using stratified random sampling. Data was gathered via questionnaires. A pilot test was conducted to ensure the tool’s validity and reliability. Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 24 was used to analyse data using descriptive analysis and inferential statistics. Ethics were followed before, during and after the study was completed. The study concluded that there is a strong significant relationship between record-keeping systems and financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study also concluded that a strong significant relationship exists between financial reporting systems and financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study went further to conclude that a strong significant relationship exists between budgetary control systems and financial performance and finally a strong significant relationship exists between cash management systems and financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County, Kenya. As a result of the clear relationships established between variables the study was able to conclude that a clear relationship exists between accounting information systems and financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County, Kenya. The study recommends the Government to develop policies and guidelines that will encourage small and medium enterprises to adopt accounting information systems, as well as Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya to offer free consultation services to small and medium enterprises on choosing appropriate accounting systems, financial management and reporting.
Accounts Receivable Management and Financial Performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited, Embu County, Kenya.
(Kenyatta University, 2018-09) Munene, Francis
Accounts receivable represents money owed to a business in return for goods already delivered or services already rendered. Proper maintenance of accounts receivable helps an organization maintain customer loyalty, track customer credit and uncollected profits. However, many organizations nowadays encounter numerous challenges in regard to their invoicing and accounts receivable process. Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited operate in conditions which limit its ability to maximize revenues because of inadequate infrastructure coverage, dilapidated infrastructure that predispose the company to lose quite a big percentage of supplied water, and the inability to set economic water tariffs. This study sought to determine the effects of accounts receivable management on financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited, Embu County, Kenya. This study was guided by the following specific objectives: to examine the effects of inventory turnover period, average payment period, cash conversion period and average collection period on financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited, Embu County, Kenya. Theories guiding the study were operational motives theory, transactions cost theory and cash conversion cycle theory. This study adopted descriptive research to test the relationship variables of the study. The study used secondary data which was obtained from the accounts and finance departments. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data and presented in tables. The study established that inventory turnover in days has negative relationship with Return on Equity which means that companies financial performance can be increased by reducing inventory in days. Average collection period and current ratio was found to be significant positive association with Return on Equities, indicating that if time period of debtor’s payment is increased then overall financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited in Embu County, Kenya also improves. The study recommended that Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited should increase its average collection period, inventory turnover periods and cash conversion period in order to improve their financial performance. The study also recommends that there should be proper inventory management system in the organization to avoid over stock of inventory resulting efficient outcome of investment and engage in better relationship with those suppliers who allow long credit time period and those customers who allow short payment period.
Accounts Receivable Management and Financial Performance of Kericho Water and Sanitation Company Limited, Kericho, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2018-10) Siele, Charles Kipkirui
Account receivables have been a major problem for most utility service providers especially those still dealing with the post payment method where services are rendered before payment is made. This study sought to find out if financial performance of Kericho Water & Sanitation Company (KEWASCO) was attributed to management of accounts receivable. The study collected secondary data spanning from 2010 to 2014 from Kenya national audit office and KEWASCO published financial statements to find out average collection period and accounts receivable turnover. The target population included employees of KEWASCO in two regions, Kericho and Bureti working in finance. Data was collected using questionnaires where a census was employed and data analyzed using regression and correlation analysis to find if there is any relationship between financial performance and accounts receivable at 5% significance level. From the findings inventory turnover period and average payment period is averagely 30.14 days and 105.45 days respectively, accounts receivable turnover had a mean of 24.54, average collection period (29.8) size of the region (1.547). The results showed that KEWASCO, financial performance variable Return on Equity (ROE) was significantly affected on Size of the region with positive correlation of 0.688 and Inventory Turnover with negative correlation of 0.245. According to the regression equation established, taking all factors into account; size of the region, Average Payment Period (in Days), Accounts receivable turnover, and Average collection period) financial performance of KEWASCO, measured by ROE was 0.752 (75.2%).This study recommended that the organization should increase average collection period, inventory period, accounts receivable turnover and debt levels in order to improve their financial performance.
Activity Based Costing and Financial Performance of Manufacturing and Allied Companies Listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2023) Arithi, Vandrose; Joseph Theuri
Activity-based costing is vital in cost information analysis for financial decision making hence has a link to the net returns of a firm. However, Kenya’s manufacturing companies are experiencing undesirable financial performance as demonstrated by inadequate profits and slow growth in overall net returns. It is against this challenge that the researcher examined the effect of activity-based costing on financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The specific objectives of the study included; to determine the effect of resource management, cost activities determination, cost driver selection and cost objects on financial performance of listed manufacturing companies. The study was anchored on theories comprising positive accounting theory, theory of constraints, and profit maximization theory. Survey research design was employed. The study’s target population comprised all the eight manufacturing companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange while the unit of analysis was the managers. Census technique was employed and structured questionnaire was used in collection of data. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistical methods via aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive findings established that activity based costing parameters; resource management, cost activities determination, cost driver selection and cost objects determination affected the financial performance of listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Correlation analysis results revealed that all the variables had a significant relationship with financial performance. Therefore, activity-based costing affected financial performance. Regression analysis results indicated that the coefficient of determination was 0.723 thus activity-based costing accounted for 72.3% variation in financial performance. The study concluded that appropriate management of resources enables manufacturing firms to plan, schedule, forecast and optimize costs and returns. Use of activity-based costing is a great way of managing the resources of manufacturing companies and promoting financial performance. It is also concluded that cost driver selection has a great relevance on the management of costs and enhancement of the Returns on Assets (ROA) for listed manufacturing companies. The study recommends that a comprehensive implementation guidelines and principles for adopting activity-based costing should be developed. Manufacturing companies should intensify the utilization of activity-based costing in the management of resources. It is also recommended that cost driver selection as part of activity-based costing should be integrated into the financial plans of listed manufacturing companies. This integration will lead to cost minimization and optimization of returns.
Adequacy of retirement income in defined contribution pension plans : case of teachers service commission and Jomo Kenyatta foundation
(2011-08-19) Ogot, Calleb Odhiambo
The study is a comparative analysis of adequacy of income in Defined benefits Pension plans and defined contribution pension plans. The main objective of the study is to establish whether retirees will have adequate income at retirement under defined contribution pension plan and its differential effects on income distribution among different categories of retirees. Problem with Defined Contribution Pension plan is that the benefits to retirees are not certain because the benefits depend on the contribution rates and investment returns. Because of undeveloped capital markets in most developing countries, it is unclear whether retirees can achieve adequate replacement ratio in defined contribution pension design. The two-thirds retirement model of Macdonald and Cairn (2006) was used to test adequacy of retirement income. If the DC yields a replacement ratio of forty percent, the retirement income will be considered adequate for this study. According to the World Bank and International Labor Organization, 40% replacement ration is considered adequate for developing economies. To determine the inequality of income among retirees in the two pensions plans a gini coefficient was used. Using a sample of 118 employees of the Teachers Service Commission and 40 staff of the Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, the study established that employees with DB plans are likely to be more secure in terms of retirement income than retirees under the defined contribution pension plan. The results also show that there is greater disparity of retirement income under the Defined Contribution Pension design than under the Defined Benefit plan. The key findings are that DC plans tend to have lower retirement income and higher income disparity among workers compared to DB designs. Whereas basic earnings contribute about 80% of retirement benefits under the defined benefits plans, contribution rates and investment returns contribute about 60% of retirement benefits in Defined Contribution pension plan.
The adequacy of the industrial attachment for the printing technician trainees
(2012-07-04) Mondwe, Jillo Reuben
The study sought to post-evaluate the adequacy of industrial attachment for the printing technician trainees. The study was restricted to Nairobi and not the whole country due to time and financial constraints. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The quota sampling method applied had targeted a sample population of 50 technicians and 50 trainees. Nevertheless, 88 percent of the respondents were achieved. The data was collected using a self administered set or questionnaire that consisted of both structured and unstructured questions. The data collected was analysed and processed to obtain measures of central tendencies such as mean, standard deviation, variance and co-efficient or correlation. The major findings of the study indicate that there are some factors that are imparting negatively to the adequacy of the industrial attachment for printing technician trainees. These factors have been identified and recommendations made, that if implemented, hopefully will enhance the adequacy of the exercise. The research work includes chapters on Introduction to the study, Literature Review, Research Methodology, Data Analysis &. Presentation of Results, Summary of the Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations and Appendices.
Adoption Factors of Hospital Management Information Systems in Selected Hospitals in Meru County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2017) Vunyiwa, Proscoviour
Despite the potential of Hospital Management Information systems (HMIS) to significatly reduce medical errors, streamline clinical processes, contain healthcare costs and ultimately improve the quality of healthcare, their adoption by hospitals in Kenya has been slow. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of; technological factors, organizational factors and environmental factors on the adoption of HMIS in selected hospitals in Meru County. The study adopted survey research design. The target population was 447 system users from selected hospitals in Meru County. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 148 respondents from the selected hospitals out of which 120 were filled and returned. Data was analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistical techniques with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results are presented in tables and charts. The findings of the study revealed that Technological and organizational factors do not have significant influence on the adoption of hospital management information systems in selected hospitals in Meru County. However, contrary to other technological factors, cost was found to be significant. In addition, Environmental factors were significant to the adoption of hospital management information systems. Therefore, the study recommends training of employees on information systems by healthcare facilities. The County Government of Meru in collaboration with healthcare facilities should foster private-private and public-private partnerships to facilitate cost sharing in the adoption of hospital management information systems. Further, the county in collaboration with national government should subsidize software and hardware to help small healthcare facilities adopt systems. The County Ministry of Education in collaboration with National Government should incorporate information systems training in all courses to facilitate systems adoption. The study also recommends that County Government formulates policies on ICT adoption in Meru County to provide guidance to healthcare institutions. Further, the county should deploy a network of health information management systems for use across the entire county health sector.
Adoption of Agency Banking and Operational Cost of the Commercial Banks in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Otigo, Bob; James Muturi
The adoption of financial innovation by commercial banks has been a strategic move aimed at expanding the market share of most commercial banks. The adoption of agency banking service by most commercial banks has assisted banks to render effective services to its consumers and businesses. Despite most of the studies on agency banking adoption indicating that the aim is to reduce the cost of operations, there remains a gap on studies seeking to establish whether agency banking has had a statistically significant effect on operating costs of the bank such as cost of labor, rental charges, cost of depreciation charge on plant and equipment, cost of utilities and marketing costs hence the motivation for this research. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between adoption of agency banking and operational costs by commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to address the following objectives; to assess the relationship between availability of financial services and operational costs by commercial banks in Kenya, to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and operational costs by commercial banks in Kenya, to determine the relationship between accessibility to financial services and operational costs by commercial banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories that is; Agency theory, Bank -lead theory and diffusion of innovation theory. The study adopted the cross sectional design in analyzing data from various commercial banks over a period of time. The target population of the study constituted all the 11 commercial banks that have adopted agency banking by 2014 since its authorization in the year 2010. All the 11 banks were considered for the study indicating that a census was appropriate. A research window of four years before and after the adoption and 4 years after the adoption was considered. The data collection was done using a secondary data capture tool where various costs were extracted from the financial statements of the 11 banks between 2006 and 2014. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations and inferential statics of correlation, simple and multiple regression and t- test to test the significance of the change. The research considered all ethical considerations and norms regarding researches in Kenya and Kenyatta University. The results have indicated that operating costs reduced for those banks that had adopted agency banking since the mean difference before adoption was much more than the difference after the adoption. This was attributed to the fact that financial services were more available to the customers there was increased financial inclusion and also increase in access to financial services by the customers. The results showed that the mean difference measured by the t statistic in the three independent variables (availability, financial inclusion and accessibility) significantly contributed to the reduction in the operational costs among commercial banks that had adopted agency banking in Kenya. The results further indicated that the mean difference of availability, financial inclusion, accessibility and operating costs of commercial banks that had adopted agency banking by 2014 was statistically significance. The study concluded that agency banking adoption has had a very significant effect on the reduction of operational costs. The study recommends that commercial banks need to expand their services offered by agencies in order to reduce the cost incurred at the branch and make their financial services available and accessible to more unbanked customers. The results are expected to benefit the management of the commercial banks, and other stakeholders in the sector as it provided an insight to the agency banking in relation to operational costs.
The Adoption of Bancassurance as a Competitive Strategy to Improve Performance of Commercial Banks: A Case Study of Selected Commercial Banks in Nakuru County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Karanja, Jane Nduta; Abel Anyieni
The financial performance of the commercial banks in Kenya is facing intense competition from the interbank and the non-bank financial services providers including Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), Saccos, mobile payment service providers such as Mpesa and unregulated financial services providers such as shylocks and merry go round schemes. These sources of competition has led to the shrinking of revenue from traditional sources of revenues for commercial banks such as loans both commercial and personal, custodial services, credit cards, maintenance fees, amongst others. The commercial banks must therefore look for competitive strategies to increase their margins from the traditional sources of revenues either from decreasing the costs of servicing these sources or increasing the scope of these services. The commercial banks must also invent and embrace new sources of revenue generation. The bancassurance platform offers a competitive strategy that help to increase financial performance for commercial banks through economies of scope, economies of scale, cheap acquisition of lending funds, and commission from insurance sales. The overall aim of this study is to analysis how bancassurance can be adopted as a competitive strategy in order to improve financial performance of commercial banks with a case study of selected commercial banks in Nakuru County, Kenya. To achieve this, three main specific objectives were applied. The theoretical review of the study consisted of financial intermediary theory, theory of economies of scale and the modern portfolio theory. Population of 800 bank employees was targeted with 89 respondents as the size of the sample. Collected data were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21 software. For frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, linear correlation and regression tools were used for data analysis. Three financial performance indicators were used in the analysis including non-funded income, deposit mobilization and market share. Tables were used for data presentations. Bancassurance is generally received well in the market though with some challenges. All independent variable, including non-funded income, deposit mobilization and market share are statistically significant predictors on their own, for financial performance of banks. In terms of the order of influence, deposit mobilization was highly ranked, followed by non-funded income while market share was lowly ranked. Therefore, deposit mobilization influenced financial performance than either non-funded income or market share. This study recommends the use of bancassurance products by commercial banks as a competitive strategy for better financial performance. This is because financial performance decreases in the absence of these strategies. The study further recommends that deposit mobilization be undertaken as a priority in the adoption of bancassurance products in commercial banks so as to increase financial performance. Banks have wider customer trusted base in comparison to insurance companies. Marketing should therefore be taken aggressively. This can be achieved by making sure insurance products are integrated in bank sale management framework for the sole purpose of selling more. The two sectors should sell and market their products jointly and simultaneously. Researcher recommends further studies in this topic through examining other strategies that can improve the financial performance for commercial banks.
Adoption of Digital Banking Technology and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2020-10) Ouma, Stephen Otieno
Commercial banks play a leading role in the economic development of a country and this role of can be achieved only if the banks are stable. Digital banking technology is one way that commercial banks have used to improve their financial performance which is largely based on retail and corporate banking activities. Retail banking customers are widely spread geographically and this makes it a challenge to the banks to network in such a way that enables them to capture a wide area of customers as possible. Digital banking technology innovations has been established as one way of addressing the challenge of network. From the inception of digital banking, banks have improved their networks in areas of deposits, withdrawals and other banking activitiess. Despite the innovative ideas in digital banking, still there are gaps as some banks still fail and face imminent collapse. The objective of this study was to establish how digital banking technology innovations affects the financial performance of commercial banks. The study took a descriptive survey design and was driven by three objectives namely; determining the effect of access to digital banking technology on financial performance, assessing the influence of the turnaround time of digital banking technology on financial performance, and determining the effects of digital banking technology costs on financial performance. This study was anchored on financial intermediation theory, innovation diffusion theory and modern economics theory. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data over a target population of 42 commercial banks in Kenya. The study involved a census of the commercial banks in Kenya as at September 2018 and it encompasses collection of data basically through self-administered questionnaires targeting the finance and IT managers of the banks in their headquarters in Nairobi. The data collected was analysed using a descriptive method. The responses were tabulated, coded and processed by use of a computer statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) and findings of the study, were analysed and presented using statistical methods such as pie charts and bar graphs and frequency tables. From the findings and summary, the study concluded that the ease of access to digital banking through digital-banking technology innovations had a positive influence on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study also concludes that the turnaround time of digital banking technology innovations had a positive impact on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya with many of the banking institutions recording high amount of deposits and improved loan values thus creating an opportunity of increasing their customer base.
Adoption of E-Procurement and Financial Performance of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2018-11) Samoei, Abraham Kiprop
The core and critical challenge mostly experienced by MOEST include application of effective supply chain management procedures and practices as well as poor information and communication technology integration among others. MOEST is operating in emerging markets that have multi-businesses linked through supply chain management practices cross-subsidization and are therefore generally viewed as having a complex supply chain management system. The concept of finance considerably contributes to the performance of public institutions. In the current dynamic business environment, organizations require reliable and fast information so as to improve their decision making regarding adapting in an effort to improve organizational performance. The general objective of this study was to determine how e-procurement adoption affects the financial performance of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenya. The specific objectives were to find out the effect of e-tendering, e-sourcing, e-ordering and e-informing on financial performance of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenya. Descriptive research design was used. The population of the study was employees in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The study used census method, implying that all the individuals in the target population were used. The study’s sample size was 40 staff working in information technology, accounts, procurement and finance departments. Primary data was collected from respondents via questionnaires. Descriptive statistics included percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics made use of multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis of the data gathered revealed that e-tendering, e-sourcing, e-ordering and e-informing have a statistically significant effect on financial performance. The study found that e-tendering has a significant effect on the financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.788, p-value=0.006). In addition, E-sourcing had a significant effect on the financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.611, p-value=0.016). Further, e-ordering had a significant effect on financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.578, p-value-0.021). Also, e-informing had a significant effect with financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.852, pvalue= 0.000). The study recommends that MOEST should ensure that procurement policies and regulations are adhered to so as to be ethical in the tendering process. MOEST should enhance their e-sourcing activities so as to gain control over their tender processes and an audit path for compliance purpose and to support collaboration and allow various stakeholders to easily work together. MOEST should practice e-ordering in order to improve employee productivity, receive accurate orders, create a better experience for customers. Since e-informing has a positive influence on financial performance, the study recommends that it is important for MOEST to obtain the information of the suppliers on their previous clients as well as their experiences. It is also important to consult references for product/service quality, electronically, so as to improve the financial performance of MOEST.
Adoption of Financial Innovations by Tier One Commercial Banks and Financial Deepening in Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2021) Winga, Emily Akinyi; Fredrick W. S. Adede
Kenya envisions that by 2030 it will realize the three pillars of success that is social, economic and political development. These pillars are not likely to be achieved if the country adopts same way of doing things, thus innovations in all sector is vital. Innovation accelerates growth in all the three pillars and more so economy. Although, bank innovations are of convincing importance when checked in terms of financial performance, the effect created by the innovation on financial deepening is still not clear. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of the adoption of financial innovations by tier one commercial banks and financial deepening in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish mobile, agency, automated teller machine and internet banking on financial deepening in Kenya. The study was based on diffusion theory of innovation and theory of financial deepening. The study adopted correlation research design. In the current study the target population composed of 6 banks in tier one. Census approach was used to select 6 tier one commercial banks from 2010 to 2018. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with the aid of STATA 12. The regression coefficients were tested for significance using t-statistics at 5% confidence level. Diagnostic tests that conducted include auto correlation, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, fixed and random effects and normality. The study findings found that commercial banks in tier one had an average financial deepening of 16.61. Regression analysis revealed that mobile banking, agency banking, automatic teller banking and internet banking have positive and significant effect on financial deepening of tier one commercial banks in Kenya. There is need to take advantage of agency banking services especially in regions which have low mobile phone penetration and adopt agency banking services owing to proximity to banking agents. Data security should be provided to enhance authorization procedure when using automatic teller machines banking services. Owing to positive reception and adoption of internet banking there is need for commercial banks to take advantage of it since it will minimize operational costs and optimize provision of banking services. Banking regulators such as Central Bank of Kenya and Capital Market Authority for listed tier one commercial banks should liberalize financial innovation. To bank managers, since adoption of financial innovations has significant effect on financial deepening, there is need for them to develop innovative approaches to optimize their financial performance. This indicates that there is need for development and adoption of mobile banking, agency banking, automatic teller machines banking and internet banking that would minimize operational costs. There is need for regulation and control of agency banking services to optimize financial performance of banks.
Adoption of Green Energy and Peformance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya
(Kenyatta University, 2020-07) Makanga, Ishmael Maina
There is increased number of sugar companies that have failed despite advance increase in strategic management best practice. Several studies on organisational performance have revealed that in Kenya, performance is non linear despite numerous initiatives. A few studies have tried to account for the mixed performance especially in the context of cost cutting approach in understanding the effect of adoption of green energy on performance. Successful green practices helps firms to achieve greater efficiency, establish and strengthen their core competencies, enhance their green image, all of these may eventually combine to contribute to firm profitability. Environmental sustainability in any given production is very important. The low adoption of green energy has led to high charges on electric units especially during low rainy seasons, and high prices of petroleum and electricity in operations of the company which accounts for poor performance that has necessitated closure of many sugar companies. The study sought to bridge the gap by establishing the effect of green energy adoption on the performance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of pollution reduction, cost of production, organizational policy and organizational capacity on the performance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories which include green economic theory, resourced based view theory and the Innovation Diffusion theory. The study used descriptive research design. The target population was 204 respondents. The sample size was 134 which was developed using Yamane’s formula. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. After data collection, data will be edited, referenced coded to facilitate statistical analysis. Data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables, charts, frequencies, percentages and graphs. The study established that green energy adoption had a positive and significant effect on the performance of Butali Sugar Company. It was concluded that the firm had significantly reduced emissions to the atmosphere by adopting green energy, enhanced use of renewable energy, improved environmental conservation, recycles wastes, embraces environmental friendly waste disposal and collaborates with other firms on waste management. It was further concluded that green energy adoption had significantly reduced the cost of production in the firm despite their being inadequate finances for the project, cost of transportation being slightly higher and the price of license to produce power being moderately higher. The study concluded that the firm has a clear policy guideline on green energy adoption, complies with government policy and regulations governing the project. The study recommends that the management of the Butali Sugar Company Limited should ensure that the production of green energy is maximized to economically viable levels to improve firm returns. The firm also needs to enhance human resource, technological and infrastructure capacity to facilitate the green energy adoption process and effectiveness.
Adoption of Information Management Systems and Performance of Orthodox Tea Project in Kenya Tea Development Agency
(Kenyatta University, 2018-11) Mwarangu, Martin
Performance of the project has always been an important and critical issue for any business worldwide. Although some studies conducted earlier have showed IMS has positive impact to organization productivity, theoretical frameworks are yet to be established or explain how MIS systems affects the performance of various projects undertaken by the organizations. The study aimed at determining the effects of Information Management Systems (IMS) systems such as System applications and Processes (SAP) Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP), Electronic weighment system (EWS), Electronic document management system (EDMS) and automated fleet management system (AFMS) on the performance of orthodox tea project in Kenya Tea Development Agency. The effect of IMS on performance of orthodox tea project implemented by Kenya Tea Development Agency has not been established. The study focused on orthodox tea project that was implemented by the KTDA head office in the three KTDA managed factories that were Kangaita, Mununga and Kimunye Tea factories. The study used descriptive research design to acquire detailed and in-depth analysis for the study. The target population included 430 respondents comprising of 26 management staff, 149 designated staff and 255 non- designated staff from the three KTDA managed tea factories. Sample size of 131 respondents was selected which represented 30% of the target population. The study adopted multistage sampling method. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents from each stratum. Primary data was collected using questionnaire that had both closed and open ended questions. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages, frequencies and standard deviation; inferential statistics such as correlation coefficient, regression and ANOVA and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results were presented using charts and tables. The study concluded Information Management Systems (IMS) systems such as System applications and Processes (SAP) Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP), Electronic weighment system (EWS), Electronic document management system (EDMS) and automated fleet management system (AFMS) had greatly improved the performance of orthodox tea project in KTDA. The study recommended that the organization should train its employees on its Management Information Systems as well facilitate them with the appropriate facilities and support. Organizations should ensure the MIS systems adopted are relevant to the organization need and there is effective internet connectivity to enhance sharing of information.

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