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A Model of Tuberculosis and DiabetesCo-Infection with Optimal Control
(2023-12-30) Musyokia, Eunice Mueni; Mutuku, Winfred Nduku; Imbusi, Nancy Matendechere; Omondi, Evans Otieno
Aims/ objectives:Tuberculosis and diabetes co-infection is a complex health issue, thus, effectivemanagement requires understanding disease dynamics and interactions. This paper expands the existingmodel to incorporate the co-infection of diabetes and tuberculosis to understand disease complications better.Methodology:The study employs the next-generation matrix to calculateRCand utilizes LaSalle’sinvariance principle. It demonstrates that the model achieves global asymptotic stability at the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) whenRC≤1. The Volterra-Lyapunov matrix is then employed to establish globalasymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium whenRC>1. Based on the Jacobian matrix, local stabilityanalysis suggests the potential for epidemic eradication whenRC≤1, whileRC≥1indicates a risk ofepidemic spread. Numerical solutions using ODE45 in Matlab R2021b are employed for the analysis. Results:The sensitivity analysis highlighted the significant impact of TB transmission coefficientβanddiabetes acquisition rateα1onRC, emphasizing the need for optimal control measures targeting thesefactors.Conclusion:A decrease in TB transmission coefficient led to a reduction inRCfrom1.0863to0.1845,suggesting the potential effectiveness of control strategies. The study also recommends exploring modelsconsidering different diabetes types in future research.
A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship Management Practices and Youth Empowerment Programs in Mogadishu, Somalia
(Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2025-08) Adam, Mohamed Mustafa Haji; Muathe, Stephen Makau
Youth unemployment is a growing global issue, exacerbating poverty and dependency cycles that hinder development. Despite the initiatives by the various stakeholders to improve youth empowerment, it has remained below the threshold. Available data indicated that Somalia is still experiencing one of the highest youth unemployment rates globally at 67%. Additionally, the low education levels, which stand at 60%, have contributed to Somali youth's inability to receive entrepreneurial training. Therefore, the primary focus of the research was to ascertain the effect of entrepreneurship management practices on youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Precisely, the study examined the impact of resource orientation, entrepreneurship culture, growth orientation, and management structure on youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. The empowerment theory, stakeholder’s theory and dynamic capability theory anchored the study. The study used a descriptive research design. The target population included four hundred youth in youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. Proportional stratified and simple random sampling techniques determined a response size of two hundred participants. The study used structured questionnaires and Twenty respondents participated in a pilot exercise.The study used reliability and validity to test data collection instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse quantitative data. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The study established a positive and significant relationship between resource orientation, entrepreneurship culture, growth orientation, and management structure in youth empowerment programs in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study recommends that the policymakers, development partners, and community leaders prioritize the integration of entrepreneurship training and support systems within youth programs. The study recommended the establishment of innovation hubs, access to micro-finance, and business development services tailored to the needs of young entrepreneurs; and to integrate entrepreneurship education into school curricula and community outreach programs to foster entrepreneurial perspectives from a young age.
Ability-Enhancing Practices and Organisational Performance: Does Justice Perception Moderate the Relationship in The Context of Police Force in Nigeria?
(European Scientific Institute, 2020) Owoeye, Idowu; Kiiru, David; Muli, Jedidah
The knowledge, skills, and abilities constituting employee characteristics are often described as the capacity needed by a firm to attain competitive advantage which in turn occasions performance outcomes at various firm’s levels. While evidence of significant and insignificant relationships between ability-enhancing practices and performance outcomes at firm’s levels has been registered across organisational contexts in human resource management literature, such evidence remains limited and anecdotal in the context of criminal justice system in Nigeria. Using a survey data from 321 police officers, this study investigated the interactional effect of justice perception on the relationship between abilityenhancing practices and performance of police force in Nigeria. The study adopted both descriptive and explanatory designs, and the study instruments were adapted. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were determined via Principal Component Analysis, and thereafter data collected were analysed employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the aid of analytical tool of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The moderating effect of justice perception was established using PROCESS macro and the results were interpreted using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach for determining mediation effect. The results of the analysis revealed that the performance of police force in Nigeria was predicted by composite construct of ability enhancing practices, and the relationship was completely moderated by justice perception. The results also revealed significant effects of rigorous recruitment and selection, and coaching on performance of police force, however, insignificant effects of job rotation and mentoring practices were found with performance of police force in Nigeria. The study contributes to the body of empirical knowledge that individual’s perception of fairness of the implemented organisational systems to enhance employee knowledge, skills, and abilities is vital to the attainment of favourable performance outcomes. The institution of Criminal Justice System can leverage on the findings of this study to improve human capital development so as to attain desired performance outcomes.
Accelerating Growth of Businesses through Networking Services, Incubation Infrastructure and Management Mentoring: A Perspective of Startups in Kenya
(IJRBS, 2023-09) Muathe, Stephen M.A.; Otieno, Victor
Worldwide, startup businesses are essential for any country's economic development. Despite the rapid growth of start-ups, their likelihood of success and viability remain low. This trend is more observed in developing countries due to the low uptake of business incubation services such as Kenya. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of networking services, physical incubation, and management mentoring on the growth of start-ups in Kenya. The study was based on the social network theory, the theory of the firm, the stochastic theory and the trait theory of entrepreneurship. A crosssectional research design was used. A sample size of 227 respondents was selected from a total population of 567 respondents using proportionate stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed with multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The finding of the study indicated that there was a positive and significant effect between networking services, physical incubation infrastructure and management mentoring and growth of startups. The study suggests that startups should join associations like the Associations of Startups and SME Enablers of Kenya and the Association of Countrywide Innovation Hubs to access incubation infrastructure. This will allow access to investor networks, civil society programs, and government agencies, accelerating business growth. Additionally, business incubators can partner with universities for specialized research in areas like health, agriculture, and climate change through the triple helix model.
Access of Credit and Financial Performance in Small and Micro Enterprises: Evidence of Enterprise Development Funds Strategies Used in Kenya
(IJLRHSS, 2021) Kemei, Joseph Kipngeno; Warui, Fredrick
Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs) has encountered myriads of challenges especially at early establishments. This has affected the financial performance of youth SMEs and some leading to closure. Despite the effort by government in Kenya for youth enterprise development funds their success rate is still very low. To address this issues the main objective of the paper is to establish the effect of access to credit strategy on financial performance of SMEs in Kericho County. Financial intermediation theory was utilized in the study. The study utilized a descriptive survey design where information was retrieved from SMEs in Kericho County who had access to YEDF and Uwezo funds. It targeted a population of 236 comprising of 144 employees in YEDF and 92 employees in Uwezo funded SMEs where a sample of 148 respondents were selected using stratified sampling method. Questionnaires were used in as data collection tools. The study conducted descriptive statistics where mean and standard deviation were adopted. ANOVA analysis was used to examine the relationship between the variables. The finding revealed access of credit had significant influence on financial performance. Where there was flexibility in access to loans as well as low requirement in accessing finance. It also showed that group loans strategy assisted significantly the growth of SMEs. The study recommended training and exhibition of SME products to create knowledge and market respectively for proper utilization of loan accessed.
Access to Credit and Firm Performance: Evidence from Micro and Small Enterprises in Murang’a County, Kenya
(Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2025-07) Karanja, Johnson Muguro; Muathe, Stephen Makau A.
Report on the Kenya National Human Development [1] showed that among the challenges still facing MSEs in Kenya is lack of access to credit due to financial institutions requiring collateral as well as inadequate entrepreneurial skills. Despite the provision of affordable credit through the funds, micro and small enterprises in Murang’a County that has continued to record poor performance, which begs the question of the effectiveness of the various efforts and their contribution to improved performance of the MSEs. The study focused on collateral requirement, credit assessment, credit information sharing and cost of credit and their implication on performance of micro and small enterprises in Murang’a County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the resource-based view, dynamic capability theory, pecking order theory, entrepreneurship theory of Shane, innovation of entrepreneurship theory as well as the traits theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design where 1,020 registered SMEs in Murang’a County were targeted, of which 287 were selected through a stratified and random sampling techniques. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data which was later analyzed through means and standard deviations as well as multiple regression analysis and presented through tables and figures. The study established that collateral requirements (β=.420, p
Accomplishing Organizational Performance through Business Process Re-Engineering: Evidence from Selected Supermarkets in Mombasa City County, Kenya
(IJRISS, 2023) Muthimi, Janet; Mwarora, Athman
The aim of this study was to establish the impact of business process re-engineering (BPR) on the performance of supermarkets in Mombasa City County, Kenya. Specific focus of the study was the measurement of Business Process Reengineering through process redesign. Additionally, performance was measured through profitability, efficiency, customer satisfaction, and cost optimization. The study was anchored on the BPR theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design in the collection, analysis, and presentation of data. The target population was all supermarket outlets operating in Mombasa City County, Kenya. The main research instrument was a structured questionnaire mixed with open-ended questions administered through a face-to-face interview with the respondents comprising one manager, one supervisor, one shop floor staff and two customers from each outlet selected randomly to each supermarket outlet. The presentation of data for this research was done through frequencies, means, percentages, and standard deviations. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was applied in the analysis of data. Study results indicated that there was significant correlation between process redesign and performance, r = 0.236. Additionally, beta coefficients indicated that for every unit of performance, there was an influence of process re-design, β= 0.302 (p<.05). This led to the conclusion that indeed business process redesign influenced performance of supermarkets in the county of Mombasa, Kenya. It was therefore recommended that supermarkets should do feasibility studies and consultations when setting up a new supermarket with all business processes considered.
Accounting Disclosures and Firm Value of Commercial Banks Listed on the Nairobi Security Exchange, Kenya
(International Journal Corner, 2019) Chebon, Nicolas Kipsang; Warui, Fredrick
The financial health, sustainability and soundness of banks is a basic requirement for the depositors and equally important for the shareholders, employees, and the entire economy. Thus, regulators across the globe have made an effort to measure the financial wellbeing of banks by requiring them to disclose information about their operations. External factors including being stripped of licenses, deregulation, lack of information amongst the customers, homogeneity of the business, connectivity amongst the banking sector affect the performance of the bank which is reflected in their value. The collapse of three commercial banks over a short period of time focused the attention of regulator and policymakers on the disclosures by commercial banks in Kenya. Investors have also demanded greater transparency particularly for firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Further, a review of the trends in the share prices of listed commercial banks and the information released indicates contradictions. An analysis shows that in some instances the share prices recorded show increases despite the company releasing negative information and/or vice-versa. This leads to the question of what is the relationship between disclosures on the firm value. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of accounting disclosure on the firm value of listed commercial banks in Kenya. The study was guided by four research objectives namely: to determine the effect of accounting practices disclosures, risk information disclosures, hedging strategies disclosures, and reserves disclosures on the firm value of listed commercial banks in Kenya. The value of the firm was measured using the market based measurement Tobin’s Q. The study was anchored on the Decision Usefulness Theory, Signalling Theory, and Positive Accounting Theory. The disclosure items were measured using an accounting disclosure index, which is a checklist of different disclosure indicators included in the annual reports of the listed commercial banks. The accounting disclosure consisted of 25 items. The study adopted a causal research design. The study sampled all the listed commercial banks. The study established that accounting policies, risks, hedging strategies, and reserves had a positive and statically significant effect on firm value of commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange.
Accounting Practices and Financial Performance of Public Secondary Schools in Makueni County, Kenya
(International Organization Of Scientific Research (IOSR), 2019-06) Manei, Benson Orikae; Omagwa, Job
In Kenya, most public secondary schools fund management systems have been coupled by a lot of challenges among them corruption, mismanagement, problems of denied secondary certificates due to arrears that are non-existent, and some parents accusing the schools of making fictitious fees balance claims. Therefore, this brings out the case of serious financial performance challenges in Kenyan public schools. As a result, the study sought to determine the effect of accounting practices on the financial performance of public high schools in Makueni County. The accounting practices investigated were: record keeping, internal control and budgeting. The study was guided by three theories: Residue Equity theory, Institutional theory and Contingency theory. The study adopted a census design and the target population was 44 public secondary schools in Makueni County. The study used purposive sampling in picking respondents. Both primary and secondary data was used and the analysis procedure entailed the use of descriptive analysis (means and standard deviation) and Multiple Regression Analysis with the aid of SPSS Software (Version 21). The study found that record keeping had a positive and significant effect on financial performance of public secondary schools in Makueni (Beta = 0.819; P Value =0.000,< 0.05). The study further found that internal control had a positive and significant effect on financial performance of public secondary schools in Makueni (Beta = 0.853; P Value = 0.000,<.0.05). It was also established that budgeting had a positive and significant effect on financial performance of public secondary schools in Makueni (Beta = 0.811; P Value = 0.000, <0.05). Based on the findings, the study concludes that the relationship between record keeping, internal control as well as budgeting and financial performance of public secondary schools in Makueni County was positive and significant. The study recommendations the management and administration of the public secondary schools to involve all stakeholders in managing and accounting for the school finances and resources; empower, build capacity and remunerate bursars accordingly to enable them diligently deliver on their mandate as well as sensitize the school principals on basic accounting, bookkeeping and financial management to enable them oversee, supervisor and guide financial management among their institutions.
Accounts Receivable Management and Financial Performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited, Embu County, Kenya
(International Academic Journals, 2018) Munene, Francis; Tibbs, Charles Yugi
Accounts receivable represents money owed to a business in return for goods already delivered or services already rendered. Proper maintenance of accounts receivable helps an organization maintain customer loyalty, track customer credit and uncollected profits. However, many organizations nowadays encounter numerous challenges in regard to their invoicing and accounts receivable process. Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited operate in conditions which limit its ability to maximize revenues because of inadequate infrastructure coverage, dilapidated infrastructure that predispose the company to lose quite a big percentage of supplied water, and the inability to set economic water tariffs. This study sought to determine the effects of accounts receivable management on financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited, Embu County, Kenya. This study was guided by the following specific objectives: to examine the effects of inventory turnover period, average payment period, cash conversion period and average collection period on financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company limited, Embu County, Kenya. Theories guiding the study were operational motives theory, transactions cost theory and cash conversion cycle theory. This study adopted descriptive research to test the relationship variables of the study. The study used secondary data which was obtained from the accounts and finance departments. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data and presented in tables. The study established that inventory turnover in days has negative relationship with Return on Equity which means that companies financial performance can be increased by reducing inventory in days. Average collection period and current ratio was found to be significant positive association with Return on Equities, indicating that if time period of debtor’s payment is increased then overall financial performance of Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited in Embu County, Kenya also improves. The study recommended that Embu Water and Sanitation Company Limited should increase its average collection period, inventory turnover periods and cash conversion period in order to improve their financial performance. The study also recommends that there should be proper inventory management system in the organization to avoid over stock of inventory resulting efficient outcome of investment and engage in better relationship with those suppliers who allow long credit time period and those customers who allow short payment period.
Accounts Receivable Management and Financial Performance of Kericho Water and Sanitation Company Limited, Kericho, Kenya.
(International Academic Journals, 2019) Siele, Kipkirui Charles; Tibbs, Charles Yugi
Account receivables have been a major problem for most utility service providers especially those still dealing with the post payment method where services are rendered before payment is made. This study sought to find out if financial performance of Kericho Water & Sanitation Company (KEWASCO) was attributed to management of accounts receivable. The study collected secondary data spanning from 2010 to 2014 from Kenya national audit office and KEWASCO published financial statements to find out average collection period and accounts receivable turnover. The target population included employees of KEWASCO in two regions, Kericho and Bureti working in finance. Data was collected using questionnaires where a census was employed and data analyzed using regression and correlation analysis to find if there is any relationship between financial performance and accounts receivable at 5% significance level. From the findings inventory turnover period and average payment period is averagely 30.14 days and 105.45 days respectively, accounts receivable turnover had a mean of 24.54, average collection period (29.8) size of the region (1.547). The results showed that KEWASCO, financial performance variable Return on Equity (ROE) was significantly affected on Size of the region with positive correlation of 0.688 and Inventory Turnover with negative correlation of 0.245. According to the regression equation established, taking all factors into account; size of the region, Average Payment Period (in Days), Accounts receivable turnover, and Average collection period) financial performance of KEWASCO, measured by ROE was 0.752 (75.2%).This study recommended that the organization should increase average collection period, inventory period, accounts receivable turnover and debt levels in order to improve their financial performance.
Adoption Determinants of E-learning Management System in Institutions of Higher Learning in Kenya: A Case of Selected Universities in Nairobi Metropolitan
(Center for Promoting Ideas, USA, 2015) Maina, Michael Kimani; Nzuki, D. M.
Researchers in educational technology have researched for factors to explain problems that hinder acceptance of e-learning management systems in institutions of higher learning. Based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), the study examined the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition on acceptance of E-learning Management System (EMS) in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. Descriptive research design and in particular cross-sectional design were employed in order to empirically investigate the extent to which problems influence adoption of E-learning Management System (EMS). A self-administered questionnaire, face-to-face interviews and observation were administered to a sample size of 600 that consisted of lecturers, students, administrators, and technical staff from at least five Universities within Nairobi Metropolitan. Analysis was done using descriptive as well as inferential statistics in order to draw inferences between the variables. The study found that use of EMS was a new technology as most of the respondents had an experience of less than 3 years. Also the study found that expected performance, enabling infrastructures, institutional policies, training support and leadership and ease of effort use influenced the adoption of EMS in institutions of higher learning
Adoption of Digital Banking Technology and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
(IJCAB Publishing Group, 2020) Ouma, Stephen Otieno; Ndede, Fredrick W.S.
Commercial banks play a leading role in the economic development of a country and this role of can be achieved only if the banks are stable. Digital banking technology has thus emerged as a way through which the commercial banks can be able to improve their financial performance by enhancing retail and corporate banking activities. From the inception of digital banking, banks have improved their networks in areas of deposits, withdrawals and other banking activities. However, despite the innovative ideas in digital banking, there still exists gaps as some banks still fail and face imminent collapse. The objective of this study was to establish how digital banking technology innovations affects the financial performance of commercial banks. The study took a descriptive survey design and was driven by three objectives namely; determining the effect of access to digital banking technology, turnaround time and digital banking technology costs on financial performance. This study was anchored on financial intermediation theory, innovation diffusion theory and modern economics theory. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data over a target population of 42 commercial banks in Kenya. The study involved a census of the commercial banks in Kenya as at September 2018 and encompassed collection of data through self-administered questionnaires targeting the finance and IT managers of the banks in their headquarters in Nairobi. The data collected was analysed using a descriptive method. The responses were tabulated, coded and processed by use of a computer statistical package for social scientists. The findings of the study were analysed and presented using statistical methods including pie charts and bar graphs and frequency tables. From the findings and summary, the study concluded that the ease of access to digital banking through digital-banking technology innovations had a positive influence on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study also concludes that the turnaround time of digital banking technology innovations had a positive impact on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya with many of the banking institutions recording high amount of deposits and improved loan values thus creating an opportunity of increasing their customer base.
Adoption of E-Procurement and Financial Performance of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenya
(International Academic Journals, 2018) Samoei, Abraham Kiprop; Ndede, Fredrick
The core and critical challenge mostly experienced by MOEST include application of effective supply chain management procedures and practices as well as poor information and communication technology integration among others. MOEST is operating in emerging markets that have multibusinesses linked through supply chain management practices cross-subsidization and are therefore generally viewed as having a complex supply chain management system. The concept of finance considerably contributes to the performance of public institutions. In the current dynamic business environment, organizations require reliable and fast information so as to improve their decision making regarding adapting in an effort to improve organizational performance. The general objective of this study was to determine how e-procurement adoption affects the financial performance of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenya. The specific objectives were to find out the effect of etendering, e-sourcing, e-ordering and einforming on financial performance of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Kenya. Descriptive research design was used. The population of the study was employees in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The study used census method, implying that all the individuals in the target population were used. The study’s sample size was 40 staff working in information technology, accounts, procurement and finance departments. Primary data was collected from respondents via questionnaires. Descriptive statistics included percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics made use of multiple regression analysis. Statistical analysis of the data gathered revealed that e-tendering, e-sourcing, e-ordering and e-informing have a statistically significant effect on financial performance. The study found that e-tendering has a significant effect on the financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.788, p-value=0.006). In addition, Esourcing had a significant effect on the financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.611, p-value=0.016). Further, eordering had a significant effect on financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.578, p-value-0.021). Also, einforming had a significant effect with financial performance in the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (r=0.852, p-value=0.000). The study recommends that MOEST should ensure that procurement policies and regulations are adhered to so as to be ethical in the tendering process. MOEST should enhance their e-sourcing activities so as to gain control over their tender processes and an audit path for compliance purpose and to support collaboration and allow various stakeholders to easily work together. MOEST should practice eordering in order to improve employee productivity, receive accurate orders, create a better experience for customers. Since e-informing has a positive influence on financial performance, the study recommends that it is important for MOEST to obtain the information of the suppliers on their previous clients as well as their experiences. It is also important to consult references for product/service quality, electronically, so as to improve the financial performance of MOEST
Adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in Kenya: A Case of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi Metropolitan
(Center for Promoting Ideas, USA, 2015) Nzuki, D. M.; William Okelo-Odongo
Although the manufacturing sector in Kenya faces low productivity levels, stiff competition and high production costs, firms are still using inefficient technology. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system can enhance efficiency through integration and sharing of business processes in real-time. This study was done to determine factors that influence ERP adoption among corporate members of Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) that operate within the Nairobi Metropolitan. Questionnaires were administered to 141 KAM members whereas 17 ERP firms were interviewed. Logit model was used to estimate the influence of the factors on ERP adoption. Organizational composite factor was found to be an important factor, whereas the planned change, business environment and ERP attributes factors were weak predictors of ERP adoption. The findings will benefit scholars, government, vendors and users of ERP system. Further research was recommended to investigate the weak factors
Adoption of Financial Innovations by Tier One Commercial Banks and Financial Deepening in Kenya
(Strategic Journals, 2021-06-19) Winga, E.; Ndede, F.
It is envisaged that by 2030 Kenya will realize the three pillars of success that is social, economic and political development. These pillars are not likely to be achieved if the country adopts same way of doing things, thus innovations in all sector is vital. Innovation accelerates growth in all the three pillars and more so economy. Although bank innovations are of convincing importance when checked in terms of financial performance, the effect created by the innovation on financial deepening is still not clear. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of the adoption of financial innovations by tier one commercial banks and financial deepening in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to establish mobile, agency, automated teller machine and internet banking on financial deepening in Kenya. The study was based on diffusion theory of innovation and theory of financial deepening. The study adopted correlation research design. In the current study the target population composed of 6 banks in tier one. Census approach was used to select 6 tier one commercial banks from 2010 to 2018. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with the aid of STATA 12. The regression coefficients were tested for significance using tstatistics at 5% confidence level. Diagnostic tests that conducted include auto correlation, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, fixed and random effects and normality. The study findings found that commercial banks in tier one had an average financial deepening of 16.61. Regression analysis revealed that mobile banking, agency banking, automatic teller banking and internet banking have positive and significant effect on financial deepening of tier one commercial banks in Kenya. There is need to take advantage of agency banking services especially in regions which have low mobile phone penetration and adopt agency banking services owing to proximity to banking agents. Data security should be provided to enhance authorization procedure when using automatic teller machines banking services.
Adoption of Green Energy and Performance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya
(International Academic Journals, 2020) Makanga, Ishmael Maina; Kavindah, Lucy
There is increased number of sugar companies that have failed despite advance increase in strategic management best practice. Several studies on organisational performance have revealed that in Kenya, performance is nonlinear despite numerous initiatives. A few studies have tried to account for the mixed performance especially in the context of cost cutting approach in understanding the effect of adoption of green energy on performance. Successful green practices helps firms to achieve greater efficiency, establish and strengthen their core competencies, enhance their green image, all of these may eventually combine to contribute to firm profitability. Environmental sustainability in any given production is very important. The low adoption of green energy has led to high charges on electric units especially during low rainy seasons, and high prices of petroleum and electricity in operations of the company which accounts for poor performance that has necessitated closure of many sugar companies. The study sought to bridge the gap by establishing the effect of green energy adoption on the performance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the effect of pollution reduction, cost of production, organizational policy and organizational capacity on the performance of Butali Sugar Company in Kakamega County, Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories which include green economic theory, resourced based view theory and the Innovation Diffusion theory. The study used descriptive research design. The target population was 204 respondents. The sample size was 134 which was developed using Yamane’s formula. A semistructured questionnaire was used. After data collection, data will be edited, referenced coded to facilitate statistical analysis. Data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables, charts, frequencies, percentages and graphs. The study established that green energy adoption had a positive and significant effect on the performance of Butali Sugar Company. It was concluded that the firm had significantly reduced emissions to the atmosphere by adopting green energy, enhanced use of renewable energy, improved environmental conservation, recycles wastes, embraces environmental friendly waste disposal and collaborates with other firms on waste management. It was further concluded that green energy adoption had significantly reduced the cost of production in the firm despite their being inadequate finances for the project, cost of transportation being slightly higher and the price of license to produce power being moderately higher. The study concluded that the firm has a clear policy guideline on green energy adoption, complies with government policy and regulations governing the project. The study recommends that the management of the Butali Sugar Company Limited should ensure that the production of green energy is maximized to economically viable levels to improve firm returns. The firm also needs to enhance human resource, technological and infrastructure capacity to facilitate the green energy adoption process and effectiveness.
Adoption of integrated financial management information system and performance of national treasury of Kenya
(International Academic Journal of Information Systems and Technology, 2020) Njau, Cyrus Nganga; Kinoti, Kaburu
Adoption of integrated financial management and information system (IFMIS) is for effective management and sourcing procedures within the government, and it is meant for streamlining the financial processes and provision of standard, real-time and accurate financial statements. IFMIS aims at cutting down cost of operations, corruption and fraudulent activities and increase transparency and accountability within government ministries and agencies. But the challenges associated with financial management are still prevalent as seen through misuse of financial resources, increased cases of collusion and corruption among senior management and inefficiencies within the internal control systems. This led the researcher to investigate on integrated financial management information system and performance of National treasury of Kenya; by looking at the internal control systems and staff competency aspects. The study is anchored on technology acceptance model and institutional theory. Descriptive research design was adopted in the study and the population included the staff at the National Treasury of Kenya. The targeted staffs were those in the ICT, HR and finance and accounting departments and a sample size of 187 staff was obtained. Primary data was collected using questionnaire and the researcher adopted the drop and pick later method. A pilot test was conducted leading to testing of the validity and reliability of the research instrument and the collected data was entered into SPSS for descriptive analysis and inferential statistics using multiple regressions. The study findings were presented in charts, tables, graphs and prose discussions. A total of 140 respondents completed the data collection instruments and returned them for data analysis. The study concluded that IFMIS was significantly embraced in public finance management at the National Treasury, Kenya. It was concluded that the national treasury significantly incorporates and accrues effective internal control which has enhanced resource planning, allocation, accountability and integrity. The study further concluded that the staffs at the National Treasury to a significant extent have relevant and necessary skills, knowledge, expertise and experience to manage the system. The study recommends that the National Treasury needs to enhance continued internal control improvement plan and strengthening. The National Treasury should enhance staff competency through training, mentorship and internal trainings to ensure they are able to use and manage the IFMIS.
Adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards and Quality of Financial Reporting in National Government Agricultural Sector Entities, Kenya
(International journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2024) Kabachia, Wanyoike Samuel; Warui, W. Fredrick
The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards on the quality of financial reporting in national government agricultural sector entities in Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to assess the effect of adopting a standardized chart of accounts on the quality of financial reporting in national government agricultural sector entities in Kenya; to assess the effect of disclosure and valuation of assets and liabilities on the quality of financial reporting in national government agricultural sector entities in Kenya; to evaluate the effect of accounting policies, estimates, and errors on the quality of financial reporting in national government agricultural sector entities in Kenya; and to determine the effect of corporate governance reporting on the quality of financial reporting in national government agricultural sector entities in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The target population consisted of 11 national government agricultural sector entities, which served as the unit of analysis. Within these entities, the unit of observation included finance managers, accountants, financial analysts, and internal auditors. Purposive sampling was employed to deliberately select 44 respondents. Four, representing 10% of the study sample, participated in a pilot test. Primary data was obtained utilizing a semi structured questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software was used to analyze the data. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and presented in prose form. Descriptive and inferential analysis techniques were employed for qualitative data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, and means were used. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for testing the strength and direction between the independent and the dependent variables. A multiple regression model was used to test the significance of the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The findings were presented in Tables and figures. The regression analysis revealed significant positive relationships between adopting a standardized chart of accounts, disclosure and valuation of assets and liabilities, accounting policies, estimates, and errors, as well as corporate governance reporting, and the quality of financial reporting, with beta coefficients of 0.324, 0.235, 0.347, and 0.481, respectively. To enhance financial reporting quality in national government agricultural sector entities, recommendations entail implementing robust standardized chart of accounts, improving transparency in disclosing asset and liability information, establishing clear accounting policies and error management practices, and strengthening corporate governance reporting mechanisms.
Adoption of Management Information Systems and Performance of Public Agencies in Mombasa County, Kenya
(SJBCM, 2023-10) Mkongoh, R. M.; Kyalo, J.
Public agencies are faced with challenges that force them to adjust or change from their normal way of doing things. This study sought to investigate the relationship between management information systems adoption and performance of public agencies in Mombasa County, Kenya. The independent variables were information infrastructure, Information flexibility, Information security and Information storage while the dependent variable was performance of public agencies in Mombasa County. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was 535 ICT specialists from 79 public agencies in Mombasa County. A stratified sampling technique was utilized. In this study primary data was gathered using research questionnaire. The data collected was both quantitative and qualitative and it was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential analysis. The descriptive statistical tools. The researcher conducted inferential analyses including correlation and multiple regression analyses. The study found that internet connectivity and IS software are the key aspects of information Infrastructure which affect the performance of public agencies in Mombasa to great extents. Information Flexibility contributes more to the increase of performance of public agencies followed by information Infrastructure, then information Storage while information Security contributes the least to the performance of public agencies. The study concluded that utilization of information infrastructure, information flexibility, information security, and information storage have great impacts on the performance of public agencies in Mombasa County. There is need to enhance the MIS infrastructure to ensure that it caters for its purpose in the organizations. The public agencies ought to put special consideration on information flexibility within the agencies. Public agencies need to invest in secure information systems that can assure staff privacy and protection. There is need for improvement in information storage through data protection, data backup, and data accessibility. This will also increase operation, enable information to be easily transmitted, enhance team performance, coordination and communication and data protection improves information quality and hence expanded organizational responsiveness.

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