PHD-Department of Security and Correction Science

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Browsing PHD-Department of Security and Correction Science by Subject "Kenya"

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    Commercialized Security and National Security in Nairobi City County, Kenya.
    (Kenyatta University, 2021) Mutonyi, Gerald Peter; Merecia Ann Sirera; Wangari Mwai
    In Kenya, the maintenance of security for the citizens had traditionally been the state‟s duty. However, non-state actors have come up to offer security to those who can afford to buy it. Despite this development, few studies have examined commercialized security and national security. Using Security Governance theory and Network Analysis theory, this study sought to examine commercialized security and national security. The study adopted a cross sectional survey design, and was carried out in Nairobi amongst the adult residents classified as either consumers or providers of commercial security industry (CSI). Clustering of the County into constituencies and wards was by purposive sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select those who purchase or manage CSI services for their organizations as well as management of the CSI firms. The general public and security guards were systematically sampled. A questionnaire, interview guide and structured observation were instruments of data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics mainly frequency distributions were used to summarize the results facilitating in analysis of the key findings as well as presentation of findings. Inferential statistics specifically multiple regression analysis was used to predict the contributions of specific CSI services on national security and in drawing conclusions of overall effects. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated to provide robust illustrations of key findings. The findings of the study revealled that CSI makes a positive significant contribution to national security: F (4, 369) = 9.42, p ˂ .001, R2 = .093. The results of the regression indicated that the model explained 9.3% of the variance. As regards the specific services, the results demonstrate that (1) Manned guarding significantly contributes to the 26 % of outcome of the CSI B = .260, β = .135, P = .007; (2) Alarm and Electronics 22.9 %; B = .229, β = .224, P = .001; (3) CVIT security service contributes significantly and positively at 10.8 %; B = .108, β = .118, P = .018. While CSI investigative service 3.6 % (B = .036, β = .084, P < = .103 although it was not significant. From qualitative data the participants narrated that the manned guarding as a service of CSI increases the visible presence of security agents in the environment a factor that discourages criminal activities and provides feelings of safety, Alarms and electronics were said to detection of criminal and harmful activities hence intervening in stopping crime, intelligence on criminal activities through surveillance, and creating a culture of security and crime awareness all which contribute to enhancing national security. However, despite valuable contributions CSI was limited in several ways which could explain the relatively low but significant contribution to the national security. The limitations include; not being armed with firearms, poor working conditions of security personnel, lack of courtesy by guards, lack of trust by the state security agencies, lack of regulation and licensing and security personnel who are not adequately trained. In relation to best practices, the study found improved working conditions of the security personnel, adequate training and development for the security personnel, cooperation with the state security agencies, after sale service, and enforcement of regulations, could help improve the CSI services hence increase their contribution to the national security. The study concludes, that CSI though motivated by profit making plays, a significant role that enhances state capacity in provision of security as well as contributes to safety of citizens. Based on the findings, the study recommends effective regularization of CSI as well collaboration between with state security agents.
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    Radicalization of prisoners on prison security management in maximum security prison facilities in Kenya
    (Kenyatta University, 2023) Cheboi, Peter Komen; Stephen Handa; Casper Masiga
    Radicalization is emerging as a big security threat and concern in all nations more so when it takes place in prison facilities. This raises serious concerns on the prison security management. This study therefore examined radicalization of prisoners on prison security management in Maximum Prison facilities in Kenya. The Specific objectives of the study were to establish causes of prisoners’ radicalization in prisons facilities, explore how radicalization is propagated in prisons facilities, examine the effects of prisoners’ radicalization on prison security management and determine the challenges associated with mitigating prisoners’ radicalization in prison security management in prison facilities in Kenya. The study was anchored on uncertaintyidentity theory, deterrence theory, and rehabilitation theory of punishment. The study employed descriptive survey and exploratory research designs. The study was carried out in Shimo la Tewa, Kamiti and Lang’ata Women Prisons which were selected because of their high security level to hold high and very high risk prisoners as a result of their offences. The target population was 7400 comprising of 6000 prisoners and 1400 prison officers from the three facilities were selected using both secondary data, purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically while thematic content analysis technique was applied to analyze qualitative data and presented appropriately using different methods. Key findings of this study revealed that radicalization occurred in prison facilities due to diverse factors including religious ideology, inadequate information sharing among key security agencies, social-economic factors, and laxity among the officers which pose serious threat to the prison security. Among the challenges encountered when mitigating radicalization were; lack of adequate inadequate information sharing, congestion, insufficient resources and ill-training of prison officers on handling radicalization of prisoners. The study recommends formulation of policy framework on multi-agency digitized information sharing system, improvement of infrastructure in prison facilities, improvement in general welfare of prison staff and enhanced vetting of staff to curb radicalization and enhance prison and national security management to address the various concerns raised in the study.