PHD-School of Humanities & Social Sciences
Permanent URI for this community
This collections contains bibliographic information and abstracts of PHD theses and dissertation in the School of Humanities & Social Sciences held in Kenyatta University Library
Browse
Browsing PHD-School of Humanities & Social Sciences by Subject "Adolescents"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Relationship Between Memory of Trauma and Selected Psychobiosocial Constructs among Adolescents with Physical Disabilities in Kiambu County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2021) Andolo, Evelyn Khazika; Merecia Sirera; Christine WasangaAdolescents with physical disability experience trauma causing events which imprint heavily into their memory. Memory of trauma may cause one to relive the event therefore evoking the feelings they experienced during the actual trauma. Few studies have been carried out on the memories of trauma and its effect on psychobiosocial constructs especially among Adolescents with Physical Disability. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between memory of trauma and selected psychobiosocial constructs (self-esteem, social competence, dissociation and somatization). Psychoanalytic and psychobiological theory guided this study. Mixed methods design comprising of phenomenology and correlation was employed for the research. The study was carried out in a national institution that hosts adolescents with physical disability from all counties in Kenya. The sample was drawn using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. A total of 129 adolescents with physical disability and two counselor teachers participated in the study. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires with standard tools such as the Rosenberg self-esteem test (Rosenberg, 1997) and Dissociation event scale (Carlson, 1944), Trauma indicator, Impact of trauma scale, somatization scale, social competence scale interviews and two focus group discussions to find out the relationship between memory of trauma and psychobiosocial constructs. An interview schedule was used for the teachers. Descriptive, correlations and thematic approaches were used for data analysis. The qualitative analysis was done thematically. Findings were presented using tables and qualitative data was transcribed presented verbatim. Results showed that all participants experienced at least one trauma causing events such as physical and sexual abuse, loss of loved ones, life threatening natural phenomena, road traffic accidents, sudden inability to carry out activities of daily living and amputation. Triggers of memory of trauma were reported as either external or internal loci. There was a relationship between Memory of trauma and selected psychobiosocial constructs as seen in the following findings: A positive significant relationship between memory of trauma and somatization; internal loci of memory triggers and somatization r (129) = .239 p = .006. Memory of trauma with dissociation had a significant positive relation for internal loci of memory of trauma r (129) = .256 p = .003. A negative relationship was noted between internal loci trigger of memory of trauma and social competence. Further correlation between impact of memory of trauma and psychobiosocial constructs were all significant, inverse direction and of average magnitude, except for somatization which had a positive correlation. The findings therefore emphasize the need to focus on impact of memory of trauma when supporting Persons with Physical disability because it influences the psychobiosocial constructs significantly. A model for multidimensional approach in mitigating effects of trauma was proposed. The model proposed inclusion of trained support providers so that Adolescent with physical disability are assisted to manage memory of trauma. Screening for trauma and impact of memory of trauma was recommended so as to identify the affected adolescent with physical disability so as to support them in the healing processItem Relationship between Memory of Trauma and Selected Psychobiosocial Constructs Among Adolescents with Physical Disabilities in Kiambu County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2021) Andolo, Evelyn Khazika; Merecia Sirera; Christine WasangaAdolescents with physical disability experience trauma causing events which imprint heavily into their memory. Memory of trauma may cause one to relive the event therefore evoking the feelings they experienced during the actual trauma. Few studies have been carried out on the memories of trauma and its effect on psychobiosocial constructs especially among Adolescents with Physical Disability. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between memory of trauma and selected psychobiosocial constructs (self-esteem, social competence, dissociation and somatization). Psychoanalytic and psychobiological theory guided this study. Mixed methods design comprising of phenomenology and correlation was employed for the research. The study was carried out in a national institution that hosts adolescents with physical disability from all counties in Kenya. The sample was drawn using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. A total of 129 adolescents with physical disability and two counselor teachers participated in the study. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires with standard tools such as the Rosenberg self-esteem test (Rosenberg, 1997) and Dissociation event scale (Carlson, 1944), Trauma indicator, Impact of trauma scale, somatization scale, social competence scale interviews and two focus group discussions to find out the relationship between memory of trauma and psychobiosocial constructs. An interview schedule was used for the teachers. Descriptive, correlations and thematic approaches were used for data analysis. The qualitative analysis was done thematically. Findings were presented using tables and qualitative data was transcribed presented verbatim. Results showed that all participants experienced at least one trauma causing events such as physical and sexual abuse, loss of loved ones, life threatening natural phenomena, road traffic accidents, sudden inability to carry out activities of daily living and amputation. Triggers of memory of trauma were reported as either external or internal loci. There was a relationship between Memory of trauma and selected psychobiosocial constructs as seen in the following findings: A positive significant relationship between memory of trauma and somatization; internal loci of memory triggers and somatization r (129) = .239 p = .006. Memory of trauma with dissociation had a significant positive relation for internal loci of memory of trauma r (129) = .256 p = .003. A negative relationship was noted between internal loci trigger of memory of trauma and social competence. Further correlation between impact of memory of trauma and psychobiosocial constructs were all significant, inverse direction and of average magnitude, except for somatization which had a positive correlation. The findings therefore emphasize the need to focus on impact of memory of trauma when supporting Persons with Physical disability because it influences the psychobiosocial constructs significantly. A model for multidimensional approach in mitigating effects of trauma was proposed. The model proposed inclusion of trained support providers so that Adolescent with physical disability are assisted to manage memory of trauma. Screening for trauma and impact of memory of trauma was recommended so as to identify the affected adolescent with physical disability so as to support them in the healing processItem Sexual Behaviours and their Determinants among Adolescents Living with Hiv And Aids in Nairobi City County, Kenya(Kenyatta University, 2021) Kinoti, Jesca K.; Parvin Moloo; Anne KamauAdolescents living with HIV and AIDS just like the rest of the adolescents in the general population experience and express their sexuality which is mediated within a socio-cultural context. HIV and AIDS has the potential to significantly modify adolescents’ sexual behaviours for various reasons. The association between HIV and AIDS with sexual intercourse which is the common mode of HIV transmission among adults population renders the adolescents living with HIV and AIDS to be subjected to the same sexuality constrains as adults in as much as they may not have contracted HIV through sexual intercourse. Thus, as the adolescents’ living with HIV and AIDS handles their sexual lives, they still have to worry about; one having to disclose their HIV status to a potential partner, infecting their partners/spouse or a child, and are faced with stigma that generally compound living with HIV and AIDS. This study sought to examine; the sexual behaviours among adolescents living with HIV and AIDS, how HIV status disclosure influence sexual behaviours, how felt stigma influence sexual behaviours, and the nature of communication between adolescents and persons significant to their lives on sexuality and HIV and AIDS. The sexual scripting theory and life course perspective were the key theoretical foundations that guided this study. A cross-sectional research design was employed in the study which involved both quantitative and qualitative research approaches in data collection and analysis. The adolescents living with HIV and AIDS were identified through a community outreach programme, Lea Toto which was purposively selected. Simple random sampling was applied in the selection of a sample of 262 adolescents of which 255 were interviewed through face-to-face interviews. Key informant interviews were conducted with programme staff while the focus group discussions were conducted with caregivers of the adolescents. Quantitative data were analysed by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, 21) while qualitative data were analysed using descriptions along thematic areas. The study findings show that adolescents were engaged in both passive (being attracted to a boy/a girl, being seduced and petting privacy) and active types (being in a relationship, seducing someone, and being engaged in sexual intercourse) of sexual behaviours. HIV status disclosure and felt stigma which are some of the key determinants that relate to living with HIV and AIDS were found to have a close association with engagement in types of sexual behaviours among adolescents. Communication on sexuality and HIV and AIDS between adolescents and persons to their lives (family members, peers in school, teachers, doctors who visited the school, and religious leaders) were found out to be low (below 30%) except with parents (61.8%). The key challenges that were linked to low communication were, issues of trust, fears of one being discovered that adolescents were HIV positive as well as fear of being stigmatized. In conclusions, this study shows that transitioning of sexual lives of the adolescents is compounded with HIV and AIDS. Adolescents are faced issues of handling HIV status disclose to partners and the experience of felt stigma. The key recommendation generated from this study was the need to re-examine the existing HIV primary prevention interventions that inform behaviours change communication in HIV programming with a view to addressing sexuality issues of adolescents living with HIV and AIDS