Browsing by Author "Maingi, J."
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Item Determinants of performance of teachers in middle level colleges: a comparative study of public and private colleges in Thika District(2012-02-29) Mahinge, P. W.; Maingi, J.The population of Kenya as with most other developing countries has been rising steadily since independence. Increasing numbers of school leavers have continued to seek post-secondary school education in middle level colleges. The contribution of these colleges in imparting knowledge and skills required to run our economy has been quite significant. They have continued to produce skilled office and industrial workers for each sector of our economy. This study sought to identify the factors that determine performance of teachers in these colleges. It also sought to investigate if there exists a significant difference between the performance of teachers in private and public middle level colleges. Systematic random sampling was used in sample' selection. Questionnaires and interviews were used to obtain relevant information from the respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that though teachers perceived that they are assessed through the performance of students in national examinations they are not sure how the assessment is done. No formal appraisal is carried out especially in public colleges. Most teachers found their working environment just bearable. In most cases excellent performance went unnoticed and this affected the morale of the teachers, The study also found out that teachers in private colleges were performing better in their duties than those in public colleges, however the performance was motivated by negative factors of fear of being sacked for poor performance. Most administrators rated the performance of teachers in their colleges as average. In the light of these feelings, it is suggested that the government should formulate a reward system that recognizes and rewards good performance for teachers in public colleges. A center that will offer continuous management training should be set up for all college administrators and government should put the teachers in its employment on performance contracts for efficient service delivery.Item Diaspora Remittances and Dutch Disease in Kenya(2014-03-07) Korir, Paul Kipkemoi; Oleche, M.; Maingi, J.Diaspora remittances to Kenya have seen a sharp and sustained rise over years, increasing from under $383 million in 2004 to over $890 million in 2011. This has not gone without leaving its macroeconomic impacts. According to Central Bank of Kenya, these remittances have led to higher savings and investments and consumption. Remittances however, can lead to the appreciation of a country's real exchange rate and hurt its competitiveness, a phenomenon known as Dutch disease. The overvalued real exchange rate makes the country's exports relatively expensive, imports cheaper and thus puts pressure on the country's current account. This study examined the relationship between Diaspora remittances and real effective exchange rate in Kenya and established the impacts of real effective exchange rate changes on net exports in Kenya. The study used secondary time series data that was obtained from Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya Bureau of Statistics, the IFS and the World Bank. Regression analysis was carried out using vector error correction (VECM) approach to examme the relationship between Diaspora remittances and real effective exchange rate and then applied VAR to find the impact of REER on net exportsItem The effects of HIV/AIDS epidemic on staff performance in manufacturing firms "a case study of Thika District"(2012-02-29) Kariuki, Jefferson N.; Maingi, J.The main purpose of the study was to determine the effects of HIV / AIDS epidemic to the staff performance in manufacturing firms. The study was carried out in Thika District which as a number of industries in both Thika and Ruiru towns. Descriptive statistics mainly frequency distribution and percentages were used to analyse the data. The study report has five chapters, i.e. introduction, literature review, research methodology. Data analysis and interpretation and finally the summary, conclusions and recommendations and a number of appendices. The study found that, HIV/AIDS is a major concern to many manufacturing firms for there are a number of employees in all firms who are infected by this epidemic. Many firms who are infected by this epidemic. Many firms have formulated very elaborative programmes to assist HIV / AIDS workers such as counseling sessions, free supply of AR V's drugs, establishing and providing free medical treatment. The study also found that, no employee has been sacked or temporary removed from hislher employment after his health statures confirm that he/she is HIV / AIDS positive. HIV / AIDS awareness campaign is being carried out in all firms and thus all employees are aware of the problems caused by the epidemic. Finally the report concludes by recommending a number of recommendations that may form a basis of further researcher on this epidemic.Item An evaluation of the determinants of Capital Markets developement in Kenya. ( A case study of the Nairobi Stock Exchange)(2012-03-27) Langat, G. M.; Maingi, J.; Ndede, F.W.S.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the determinants of the capital markets development in Kenya, a case study of the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE). The NSE is considered a more liquid and active market than those of its East African counterparts (Uganda and Tanzania) and in sub-Saharan Africa in general. However, by international standards, it is small, illiquid and volatile with regard to price and returns. Low liquidity is particularly evident in the secondary bonds and equity markets. The NSE is a highly concentrated market with most of its activity centered on a few listed companies (Wagacha, 2001). The specific objectives of the study included: (i) to determine how the changes in institutional factors affect the capital markets development in Kenya; (ii) to determine the impact of macroeconomic factors or stability on capital markets development in Kenya and (iii) to determine the effect of the regulatory changes and political risk on the capital markets development in Kenya. For the research the population of the study was composed of selected employees of the Nairobi Stock Exchange, key informants, from the listed companies and the member firms. A census was drawn from the total population of 104 respondents. Data was collected by use of questionnaire method which had both closed and open 'ended questions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequency distribution tables, means, mode and standard deviation. From the study the researcher established the key determinants of the capital markets development in Kenya. The response from the respondents showed that institutional factors (78%), macroeconomic factors (75%), political risk and regulatory changes (63%), as the respondents stated the extent of the effect as being on the great and very great extent. From the study the following recommendations were made to aid in the development of the capital markets; public education on how the capital markets development operate, transparency of dealings and accountability, involvement of more companies, offering alternative products to the current narrow choice of stocks and bonds, prompt action on fraud cases, closely working among member firms, online reliable trading, research on new policies and demutualization of the NSE and subsidized favourable taxation on member firms.Item Identification and Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from HIV Positive Patients in Kisumu County, Kenya(2013-12-23) Usagi, B. M.; Maingi, J.; Nyamache, A. K.Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are important pathogens to man and causative agents of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of the diseases that continue to be a public health concern in the world. Earlier, tuberculosis was considered controlled, but with emergence of HIV the disease has been fuelled in varied proportions worldwide with high incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. Kenya ranks 15th among 22 highest burdened TB countries in the world and 5th in ~ica. The Ministry of Health indicates that numbers of tuberculosis cases have increased from 10,000 in 1994 to 106,000 in 2004 with 132,000 new cases in 2009. World Health Organization indicates that there were 300 TB cases per 100,000 people in 2011. Tuberculosis remains a serious health threat' especially for people living with HIV who are more likely than others to contract the disease. The disease is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV, accounting for one in four HIV -related deaths. People living with HIV face emerging threats to drug resistant tuberculosis such as multi-drug resistant TB (MDR TB) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDR TB). Treatment for tuberculosis requires the use of antituberculosis drugs which include Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Streptomycin. However, there have been cases of recurrence of disease, drug resistance and emergence of multi drug- resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB). The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex prevalent in HIV patients seeking treatment for tuberculosis in Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kisumu County. In this study, 379 sputum samples will be obtained from consenting HIV patients between October and December 2013. GeneXpert testing will be used to detect the TB bacilli. The samples will be cultured in Lowenstein-Jensen media and blood agar media and identified by observation of rate of growth, colony morphology, pigmentation and biochemical profiles. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex will also be identified by molecular probes using PCR. The isolated microorganisms will then be tested for susceptibility to Isoniazid and Rifampicin. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize data and proportions compared using Chi-square (X2). Multiple logistic regression will be used to evaluate relationship between age and most prevalent mycobacteria and ANOVA used todetermine the most resistant tubercle bacilli to the commonly used antimicrobials. The findings of this study will indicate the incidence and prevalence of drug resistance within the community and provide data as to what drug should be used for treatment of tuberculosis. The information will be handy in the future management ofTB in Kisumu County. tItem Impact of hospital wastewater to the spread of antibiotic resistance in Kisii level 5 hospital in comparison to Kisii University, Suneka WWTP and Riana River-Kisii County, Kenya(2013-12-24) Nyauncho, P. O.; Nyamache, A. K.; Maingi, J.A potential post-antibiotic era is a threat and even in future medical advances. The current worldwide increase in antimicrobial resistance continues to pose a challenge with the downward trend in the development of new antibiotics posing serious implications. Despite the wide use of antibiotics especially in Kisii County, there is little available data concerning the contribution of hospital wastewater to the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Due to increasing trends in drug resistance, this study aims at determining the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial -isolates from wastewater effluents from Kisii level 5 Hospital and Kisii University College. In addition, to carrying out antibiotic testing of commonly prescribed drugs on the bacteria related infections in Kisii level 5 hospital. A total of 384 wastewater samples will be collected during the time period of 8 am to 5pm from July to November from participating institutions. The samples will be transported in chilled cool-boxes to the laboratory at Kisii level 5 hospital for analysis. Bacterial isolation will done by use of specific selective media and confirmed by biochemical tests. Subsequently, antibiotic susceptibility testing will be performed using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique and zone of inhibition measured in diameter. Zone of inhibition will be interpreted as sensitive, intermediate and resistant according to CLSI (clinical laboratory standards institute). Collected data will be analyzed by use of ANOVA test to determine whether there is significant difference in resistance of bacteria to antibiotics from the sampling sitesItem Response of micropropagated tissue culture banana (Musa spp.) to acclimatization using arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi(African Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2023-11-17) Wahome, C. N.; Ombori, O.; Maingi, J.; Njeru, E. M.; Nchore, S. B.; Kimiti, J. M.; Muthini, M.The production of banana seedlings through tissue culture provides a reliable source of numerous, disease free, quality plantlets. However, the micropropagation process is faced with a number of challenges. In this study we are focusing on the improvement of survival and growth of the resultant plantlets during the acclimatization process. The viability of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) symbiont in the acclimatization process was assessed. Tissue culture bananas (Kienyeji, Kiganda and Ng’ombe local cultivars) were inoculated with single species AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae as well as commercial AMF Rhizatech. The survival rate was assessed and plant growth evaluated at a two week interval. Destructive harvesting was conducted followed by assessment of root, shoot and total biomass. The results demonstrated that Kiganda treated with Rhisophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mossae recorded better survival rates compared to treatments with NPK fertilizer and commercial AMF (Rhizatech). Kienyeji cultivar however had a better survival rate when treated with commercial AMF (Rhizatech). Ng’ombe cultivar was very resilient having 100 % survival rate when treated with indigenous AMF, commercial AMF (Rhizatech) and NPK. There were significant differences in the shoot dry weight, root dry weight and biomass in the three banana cultivars. Kiganda and Kienyeji cultivars had the highest biomass when treated with Funneliformis mossae of 0.52 g and 0.83 g respectively. The results in this study confirm that the use of AMF in the acclimatization process improves the overall seedling output of the micropropagation process during the nursery stage of production.