Browsing by Author "Kiruthu, Felix Macharia"

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    Agricultural transformation in Masaba north district, Nyamira county, 1945 -2002
    (2014-07-31) Motanya, Isaac; Ndeda, M. A. J.; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    This- proposal seeks to investigate agricultural transformation in Masaba North, Nyamira County in Kenya, 1945-2002. The district comprises of three divisions, Gesima Gachuba and Rigoma. They will be the focus of our study. The major economic activity in the district is fanning. The inhabitants have been involved in growing cash and food crops over the years. Agricultural development in the district has witnessed transformation from the onset of World War II and after up to 2002. Various agents have contributed to this transformation while experiencing a number of challenges with far reaching socialeconomic impacts. It is in the light of this, the researcher is persuaded to investigate and unfold these developments. Our literature review will be based on general overview on agricultural transformation causes, challenges and its socio- economic impacts among the Gusii of Masaba North, 1945-2002. The study will be guided by two theories; articulation of modes of production where Europeans incorporated and involved African in Various forms in Agriculture resulting to underdevelopment. Here farming activities in third world countries are changing to fit the world Economic system while developed countries are progressing at the expense of the less developed leading to application of second theory of underdevelopment. Our study will adopt descriptive research design. Primary and secondary data will be used to explain the agricultural transformation in the area of study in the period 1945-2002. A sample study will be selected from the district and findings analyzed using descriptive methods. The data will be collected through interview and use of questionnaire. The research will be of value to economists and agriculturalist in understanding trends, challenges and social economic impact of agricultural transformation of Masaba North in the period 1945-2002. It will benefit a wide range of scholars in Economic and Social History.
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    Challenges faced by refugee small-scale traders in Kenya: the case of Somali refugee traders in Eastleigh, Nairobi.
    (Kenyatta University, 2014) Mohamed, Habiba Ali; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia; Atela, M.
    The main aim of the study was to investigate the challenges faced by small-scale traders among Somali refugees in Eastleigh -Nairobi Kenya. The study aimed at to examining whether Somali Refugees small-scale traders face corruption as a challenge, examine whether Somali Refugees small-scale traders are affected by lack of credit and financing in their business, examine whether Somali Refugees small-scale traders face discrimination when doing business and examine whether small-scale traders refugees in Eastleigh fear that they might be deported. The study sought to answer research questions developed from the objectives. Thus, this research attempted an in-depth explanation of how these migrants achieve their livelihoods. The study will adopt a conceptual framework developed by the researcher after reviewing relevant and related literature from various sources. Descriptive design was employed and data was collected from both secondary sources as well as primary sources. The study targeted all the Somali refugees doing small-scale businesses in Eastleigh section in Nairobi and sampling was conducted using purposive sampling to identify 225 specific respondents to the study. Questionnaires were used though shall be guided as many of the respondents would have language challenges. A research assistant was used to help in data collection. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics while inferential statistics was used to draw conclusions from the collected data and presented using pie charts, bar graphs, frequency tables and percentages. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) was used to aid in data analysis. Ethical standards were observed throughout the study so as to realize and achieve suitable results. The study found that most Somali small scale refugee traders are indeed economically poor. The asylum and immigration system remains conducive to the reception of small scale refugee traders. Small scale traders in Eastleigh face challenges of accessing to finance. Small scale trade helps Somali small scale traders acquire finances for their day to day financial requirements and there is exclusion of Somali small scale traders from the government funding when promoting small scale trade in Kenya. Corruption in Kenya and especially in Nairobi has a significant impact on refugee businesses'. Ethos of corruption and bribery prevailed throughout the commercial sector. Organizations that deal primarily with business dominate the rankings of bribe size in Kenya. Findings show that refugees live illegally in Nairobi and are largely not entitled to protection or assistance and therefore they fear that they might be departed at any time. There are no clearly demarcated boundaries signifying a singular refugee community in Nairobi and those refugees who have been able to establish businesses and survive in Eastleigh are unlikely to pick up and leave in the near future. The study recommended that policy and legal framework needs to be put in place for the regulation and management of refugees in Kenya. To accomplish this, agencies and organizations dealing with refugee and human rights matters in Kenya need to network and lobby government authorities and others to take necessary measures to ensure that they do not turn a blind eye on refugee issues in Kenya.
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    Challenges facing Kenyan diplomats returning from posting abroad
    (Kenyatta University, 2014) Owade, Philip Richard Okanda; Wasonga, J.; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    The study focused on the challenges experienced by returning Kenyan diplomats. They return with new skills and international experience but lace problems of adjusting to home cultures. It is important to develop and retain returning diplomats/diplomats who possess global knowledge and experience in international business. This study focused on diplomats who have returned to Kenya over the last IOycars since their last tour of duty and especially between 2008-2013. it covers all categories of diplomats, diplomatic staffs and their families. A descriptive research design will be adopted [or this study. The content analysis will be used to analyse the respondents' views on the strategic planning practices that the ministry has adopted. The data will then be coded to enable the responses to be grouped into categories. Descriptive statistics will be used mainly to summarize the data. This will include percentages and frequencies. A r.ickert scale and the use of Statistical Package [or Social Sciences (SPSS version 12.0) will be employed. Tables, Pie charts and other graphs will be used as appropriate to present the data collected [or ease of understanding and analysis. Measures of central tendency will be applied (mean, median, mode and percentages) for quantitative variables. The study found out that it is not only the work environment that changes but also the society and the diplomats during the international assignment. Cultural identity changes and demographic factors in particular have a direct effect on the returning diplomats' experience. Returning diplomats and their families have to deal with all the problems connected with housing, work for the spouse and schooling [or the children upon return home; cultural changes come slowly and therefore returning diplomats are not always aware of the changes that have taken place over time; there are some financial di fficultics that the diplomats encounter; returning diplomats loose the morale to perform because of deprived authority, status and control offered by their international assignment. The study also established that lack of returning diplomats' adjustment programmes including that for family members arc the leading causes of failure of the foreign policy. Therefore success CuI implementation of the Kenyan foreign policy framework calls Cor adequate Funding and strengthening of the Ministry. These should be reviewed with a view to human resource policies that create good international relations with other countries but also motivates its diplomats so as [0 enhance their performance. The study recommends open communication with diplomats and their families to be deployed in relevant departments in the ministry. The socio- resettlement should also be addressed to enhance their effectiveness and performance .liconornic challenges pertaining to their resettlement should also be addressed to enhance their effectiveness and performance.
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    Challenges of dealing with fire outbreaks in informal settlements: the case of the 12th September 2011 Sinai fire in Nairobi
    (2014-05-12) Olekina, Wilfred Koitamet; Keere, F.; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced in dealing with outbreak of fires in the informal settlements of Nairobi County. More specifically the study examined the level of awareness of risks posed by fire hazards and response in the event of a fire among the residents of the Sinai informal settlement in Nairobi. It also examined whether the Nairobi County Government has issued Standard Operating Procedures that detail sequence of events when responding to fire in informal settlements, how the tragedy at Sinai was responded to by the residents and the authorities and the challenges that hampered the effective response to the Sinai fire disaster were interrogated with the view to identifying strategies of copping with future fires like the Sinai one. The study adopted a conceptual famework for dealing with challenges of fire outbreaks in informal settlements. It also employed practical actions reducing vulnerability conceptual framework to explain the challenges that exist in dealing with the fire outbreaks in the informal settlements. The study adopted a case study design with the intention of finding out the issues that surrounded the Sinai fire. The targets population was all the households at the Sinai slum. Both stratified random sampling and simple random were used to samples 341 households. Data collection was done by use of questionnaires, Interview schedules and observation check list. The data collected was ana lysed by use of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data presentation was done using frequency tables, percentages, pie charts and bar graphs. The study established that the level of awareness of fire hazards among the residents were limited. The study also established that Nairobi County Government did not issue any Standardized Operating Procedures as majority of the respondents were not aware of these documents and were therefore not used in the Sinai fire disaster management. Majority of the respondents were not aware of the fire fighting policy. Little was done to create awareness among the publics on what to do in case of fire outbreak. The study established that response to the Sinai tragedy took long as the authorities arrived two hours late after the fire outbreak instead of the recommended five minutes. The rescue operation was made difficult due to the fact that there was no central command for the fire fighters which resulted into more losses. Finally, the study established that the challenges to fire fighting in Sinai included inaccessibility of the area due to lack of access roads, lack of enough water hydrants within the city, lack of enough skilled fire fighters and lack of a fire fighting policy in the country. The study therefore recommended that the government to develop a National Disaster Policy which makes it mandatory for public institution to display fire emergency numbers and provide standard operating procedures in case of fire outbreak, government to form a National Disaster Management Authority to coordinate disaster management and awareness creation through intensified fire drills in the country, government to relocate the residents of the Sinai slums since this area is a way leaf for Kenya Power, railway reserve and also has drainage for storm waters from the Kenya Pipeline which in most cases carry inflammable materials and therefore a danger to the residents of the slum and government to provide emergency lanes for vehicles dealing with emergencies on major roads in Kenya.
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    The Colonial Legacy in Kenya-British Military Relations: 1963-2005.
    (2014-02-19) Njagi, Arthur Munene; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia; Wasonga, Joseph
    Decades after the end of colonisation the intellectual debate over the positive and negative impacts of colonisation in Kenya is still very much alive. This study is not interested in justifying or condemning colonialism. On the contrary it focuses on Kenya-British military relations as one of the enduring independence period legacies in Kenya and is centered within Kenya’s problematic decolonization experience and the wider context of the Cold War ideological confrontation. The desire by Britain to relentlessly pursue its imperial interests beyond Kenya’s independence forms the thrust of this thesis and the study only adds up to the various attempts made by the Kenyan people to dismantle colonialism, both in its formal and informal dispositions. The objectives of the study were; to examine the nature and rationale of the evolution of Kenya-British military relations in the independence period, to evaluate their impacts on Kenya’s foreign policy relations with other states and third, examine the impacts of these relations on Kenya’s national security in the independence period. The study employs the realist school of thought in tracing the continuous British military presence in Kenya while igniting debate on Kenya’s decolonization experience. For the investigative aim of this thesis, the study focuses on the colonial legacy in Kenya-British military relations within the independence period regimes of Kenyatta (1963-1978) Moi (1978-2002) and Kibaki (2002- up to 2005). Nevertheless the three regimes simply provide in terms of their institutional transition an attempt by the study, a modest evaluation of the present Kenya-British military relations. Primary and secondary sources of data were used in this study. Secondary sources included mainly written sources. The study found out that the British Army in spite of being an ‘enemy’ military during the Mau Mau War of independence and the ongoing Mau Mau atrocities cases against the British government, the same army continues to use the Kenyan hinterlands as military training areas long after Kenya’s independence thereby shaping Kenya’s military relations with its former colonial master. The study concludes that in spite of negative civil-military relations at the local level, the relations at national level have proved beneficial to both countries. More so the study informs that military relations between states have largely played a major role in determining the subsequent trajectory of economic, trade, diplomatic and political relations between the co-operating nations. It thus affirms the argument advanced by the study that the trajectory of development in Kenya continues to be determined and shaped not only by the conjuncture of precolonial, colonial and post-colonial socio-political and economic structures but also by the military linkages.
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    Determinants of Negative Perceptions towards Narok County Council by the Resident Communities.
    (2013-12-17) Lemita, L.; Kisombei, G.; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    The Narok County Council offers a range of services for the community living in its area of jurisdiction - Narok North and South Districts. Some of these services include provision of bursaries to students from poor families in both secondary and tertiary institutions. Through LATF, which is a fund from the central Government to all local authorities, the council sponsors capital projects like construction of schools, road repairs, sinking boreholes and dispensaries. The council is also responsible for Early Childhood Education by employing teachers in these centers. It also mobilizes the community for disease awareness, like HIV/AIDS, markets cleaning and funding the disabled and other less fortunate members of society. Other services provided by the council include defraying medical bills, managing cattle dips and market planning. With this important role in the provision of services, the council still faces a big image problem. In the recent past the council experienced massive public demonstration against it, culminating in the destruction of council property. It's against this background that this study seeks to identify factors responsible for this negative perception towards the council by the public with a view to come up with suggestions or recommendations to boost the council's image/reputation. The location of this study is the County Council ofNarok area of jurisdiction - Narok North and South districts. The target population will include a sample of the people living in both Narok North and South districts, the council's senior, middle level and junior officers. Others include councilors, area members of parliament and key informants. Descriptive survey design will be used in the study. Both random and non-random sampling techniques will be employed in the study to select samples to be studied. The researcher will use questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and observations to conduct the study. The data will be collected by following systematic procedures. The data will be analyzed using statistical and graphical techniques which include measures of central tendency (the mean, median, and mode) and measures of dispersion (the variance, range). Graphical presentations will include histograms, bar-graphs, cumulative frequency curves and pie-charts. The literature reviewed covered countries in Europe, the Americas, Africa and the Middle East. The literature included books, journals, Academic papers, newspapers, official council and ministry records.
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    Disaster preparedness in public primary schools for mentally handicapped children in Nairobi city county, Kenya
    (2014-07-28) Kiilu, Peninnah Ngina; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia; Kerre, Francis
    The purpose of this study is to investigate disaster preparedness in public primary schools for mentally handicapped children in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study will identify the measure the special schools for the mentally handicapped have taken to deal with disaster events; to document disaster preparedness plan for the mentally handicapped schools; to establish how disaster management policies and guidelines are followed when enrolling mentally handicapped pupils in special schools and to establish whether there are disaster preparedness policy regarding the mentally handicapped schools. Literature on the measures the special schools for the mentally handicapped have taken to deal with disaster events, disaster preparedness plan for the mentally handicapped schools; how disaster management policies and guidelines are followed when enrolling mentally handicapped pupils in special schools and to establish whether there are disaster preparedness policy regarding the mentally handicapped schools. The study is guided by Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura which stresses on the development of social behaviours. It is also known as observational learning, modelling or learning theory. The methodology will employ descriptive research design. The target population of the study will include all the four public primary schools in Nairobi City County that have children with mental disability. Sampling will be purposive for all the four institutions and headteachers. Simple random sampling will also be used to select pupils and teachers from the target population. The sample size will be 73 pupils, 51 teachers and 4 headteachers. Questionnaires, interview and observation schedules will be used for this research. To determine validity of the instrument, a pre-test will be carried in one pilot school which will help the researcher to evaluate the validity, clarity of the questionnaires and interviews suitability of language used in the instrument and the feasibility of study. To determine the reliability a test retest will be used. A research permit will be obtained from the National Council of Science and Technology to undertake this research. The quantitative data analysis, descriptive statistics will be used to analyse the data to give the percentages (%), frequencies (f) and means. Data will be presented in form of frequency tables and charts which help to explain the relationship between the variables of study.
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    A history of the African labourers of Nyeri township, 1902--1945
    (2012-04-19) Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    This study focuses on the creation of urbanization and an African labour force in Nyeri Township right from 1902 when Nyeri Fort was established by the colonial authorities to the end of the Second World War in 1945. During these years, several colonial policies were promulgated which created fundamental changes in the lives of the Africans both in the Town and in the surrounding villages. Colonial penetration was accompanied by appropriation of African land and labour which inevitably altered the majority of African lives. Right from the start of colonial rule, the colonial government used force in order to acquire labour. Young men were forced to build roads, bridges and forts. Infact, the British had to exploit the pre-capitalist modes of production in order to acquire labour. Consequently, the loot captures from the resisting communities was used to reward the British collaborators in Nyeri. Thus pre-capitalist formations were deliberately preserved partially by the British in order to assist in the reproduction of the African Labour Force. The socio-economic life of the Africans was interrupted by the colonial forces. The African laborers who were forced to settle in Nyeri Township and provide labour to the Europeans and Asians encountered serious problems, including insufficient native area for settlement of the labourers. Hence, crowding and disease outbreaks were common. Similarly, the British paid meager wages to the African labour force in town. The labourers, in turn, responded by maintaining some interest in the reserves as a form of social security. As a result most of them belonged to two economic spheres: wage earning in the town became complementary rather than an alternative to the produce of the family in the reserve. Since the basis of the new mode of production was the exploitation of the indigenous modes of production, serious contradictions inevitably emerged. In Nyeri, the spurge of nationalism that accompanied the two World Wars is a good example of these contradictions. The Western education imparted to some Africans in mission schools enabled them to rationalize that the comfortable lives of the Europeans in Kenya was the direct result of the African drudgery and poverty. It is in this light that the emergence of welfare, religious, and political associations in Nyeri is analyzed. Moreover, the exposure of the African Carrier Corps and soldiers of Nyeri to other countries and ways of doing things gave them confidence in dealing with Europeans. Indeed the modes of production paradigm contends that the articulation of various modes in the colonial state eventually leads to violence. In Nyeri, this was demonstrated by the violence that shook the township shortly after the Second World War in the name of Mau Mau resistance. The majority of the Mau Mau in Nyeri were African squatters, demobilised soldiers and petty businessmen. The common characteristic of all the members of Mau Mau was poverty and disillusionment with the colonial establishment.
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    The history of the informal enterprises in Kenya : a case study of the jua kali sub-sector of Nairobi, 1899-1998
    (2011-12-08) Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    The study examined the origin and the transformation of the jua kali sector of Nairobi from 1899 to 1998, and its consequences on the African communities in the town. A case study research design based on qualitative procedures was adopted employing three types of data, namely: Archival data, oral interviews and library research. Among the jua kali sites identified and examined in the study included: Gikomba, Kamukunji, Ziwani, Kawangware, Kariobangi Githurai and Roysambu. 90 knowledgeable informants on the history of Nairobi and jua kali sector were interviewed from 2001 to 2005. These included jua kali operators, Non- Governmental Organisations' personnel, civil servants, and Asian business people. In order to analyse the complex relations in the jua kali sector of Nairobi, the study adopted an integrated theoretical approach comprising the dependency and underdevelopment approach, the articulation of modes of production and the concept of neo-patrimonialism. It is argued here that the city of Nairobi emerged as a colonial urban centre along the Uganda railway and was, therefore, the product of international capitalism, which creates a global division of labour that consigns the periphery to primary production. The prime motive behind the construction of the Uganda Railway was to facilitate British colonial authority, and transportation of resources to the East Coast enroute to the metropole in London. As the colonial headquarters in Kenya, Nairobi was strategic to the British. It served as the administrative, commercial and transport centre for organising the drainage of resources and surplus to the metropole. A number of Christian Missionaries, Asians and white settlers settled in the country, particularly near Nairobi, after the completion of the railway in 1901. The three groups were by the First World War socialising the African communities to serve the colonial system, through western education, apprenticeship and wage labour. Moreover, the alienation of land, forced many Africans to migrate to the White settler farms, Nairobi and other urban centres, in search of wage labour. Those who failed to secure wage labour in Nairobi turned to hawking, prostitution and other marginal activities such as the brewing of illegal liquor. It is further argued that although a number of Africans acquired artisanal skills from the government departments and mission schools by the inter war period, very few of them practised artisanal businesses in Nairobi. Rather, most of them acquired jobs in the formal sector. Therefore, the African pioneer jua kali artisans were those who acquired their skills informally from the Asian artisans. The Second World War marked the increased exploitation of the Kenyan economy. Desperate for more labour, financial and agricultural resources to support the war effort, the British recruited more Africans into the war and even allowed for a small number of manufacturing enterprises to be set up in Nairobi. The war also led to an influx of Africans into Nairobi in search of wage- employment opportunities. Many of them turned to the informal sector particularly after the War. The demobilized soldiers and the African squatters evicted from white settler farms after the mechanization of agriculture also flocked into the city. Consequently, many Africans turned to petty theft, illegal brewing of liquor, and prostitution in Nairobi as a way of survival. Others turned to artisanal trades in Burma, Kariokor market and in the Nairobi African locations such as Kibera, Pumwani and Mathare. They engaged in carpentry, metal work, woodwork, bicycle and motor vehicle repair, as well as shoe repair. Evidently, these jua kali trades, were a direct consequence of the inadequate job opportunities in the waged sector of the economy. Unhappy with the illegal activities of the African entrepreneurs, the colonial authorities in Nairobi resorted to constant harassment and arrests of the African street traders and artisans. This contrasted sharply with the granting of business premises and licenses to the African elite, viewed as loyalists by the rest in Nairobi. It is argued here that the harassment subjected to the unemployed Africans and jua kali artisans resulted in the emergence of the Mau Mau guerrilla movement in Nairobi. This could explain why the Mau Mau activity in Nairobi involved frequent murders and other forms of violence against the Europeans, Asians and the African loyalists who enjoyed colonial patronage. At independence in 1963, the influx control measures against African movement into Nairobi were lifted. This in turn accelerated the influx of thousands of the ex-detainees and other Africans who had been repatriated from Nairobi during the Emergency. These were soon followed by thousands of school leavers who sought better employment opportunities and higher wages available in Nairobi. Evidently, the capitalist-oriented policies of the Kenyatta government privileged the small group of Western investors and African elite. Educated individuals in official positions acquired patronage resources, including the best arable land. Consequently, the landless resorted to the jua kali sector for a means of livelihood. The Moi government inherited its predecessor's economic policies, at a time when the oil prices were high and the cash crops from Kenya were performing dismally at the international market. In the meantime, the international political environment also took a new dimension especially after the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1989. Multilateral and the bilateral donors began to enforce strict lending terms, including the Structural Adjustment Programmes, on the country. It is against this background that many Kenyans were pushed into the jua kali sector in the 1980s and 1990s. Although the Moi regime recognised the important role played by the sector in the face of the economic crisis facing the formal sector of the economy, economic mismanagement due to political patronage worsened the economic situation of the jua kali operators. This was evident in the grabbing of jua kali plots and the subsequent demolition of their sheds by politicians and government officials. Conclusively, the jua kali sector produced several innovators and entrepreneurs but these could not succeed fully without the strategic and active support of the state.
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    The Impact of Records Management on Service Delivery in Kenya's Immigration Department
    (2013-12-17) Oyaro, J.; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia; Ng'eno, W.
    Management of records poses great challenges to many organizations and Government Ministries and Departments the world over. However, the efficient management of records has tremendous and great potential of making work easy, enhancing working relations, improving the corporate image as well as increasing productivity besides enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. Indeed, many organizations with the advent of Information and Communication Technology have gone hi-tech in records management which has not only enhanced their efficient production but has also reduced the labour costs albeit on the negative perspective. At the Department of Immigration in Kenya, the management of records sometimes presents serious challenges and causes concerns as regards to productivity yet the Government through the e-government project has instituted the implementation of ICT - managed records keeping. Many documents necessary for public utility are now available online, many activities and services are being offered online and more so, files and documents are been tracked online either by the officer working on the file, the manager in charge of the processes as well as the client, for some non-sensitive documentation. The proposed study seeks to find out how records management affects service delivery in the perspective of accessibility, retrieval of information, the application of ICT, the accountability and transparency of the processes at the Department and as well as the quality of the services being rendered to the clients. The study will employ a conceptual framework seeking to illustrate the relationship between the various variables in this study and records management at the Department of Immigration. The study targets all the 413 staff at the Department's Headquarters but will sample 90 members of .staff representing a 21.98 % using stratified random sampling. Primary data will be collected using questionnaires while secondary data will be collected from the libraries, journals, internet and data from the Department. Collected data will be coded, checked for completeness and summarized in tables. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze the data with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Data will be presented using frequency tables, percentages, bar graphs and pie charts.
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    Participation of women in public administration in Somalia: the case of women in local government of Mogadishu
    (2014-07-24) Fardows, Hassan Musse; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    This study seeks to assess the participation of women in public administration in Somalia using a case of local government of Mogadishu, 2002-2012. The study will analyze how women are recruited, their level of education and the responsibilities allocated to them. In addition, the study will examine the challenges encountered by women in executing their duties. The researcher shall use the descriptive research design. Target population of this study will be 1280 women working with the Somali Local Govemment in Mogadishu.The sample of study shall be 130 women representing 10% of the target population dra-wn from the 16 administrative districts in Mogadishu using purposivesampling method. Primary data will be collected using questionnaire method andsecondary data. The data will be coded analyzed and presented thematically into themes and sub-themes in reference to study objectives and research questions.To corroborate the research findings, dataanalysis and presentation will be enhanced by use of descriptive statisticssuch as tables, percentages, description charts, bar graphs, piecharts, histograms
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    The role of County Administration in Fire Disaster Mitigation and Management: The case of Mukuru Kwa Njenga Slum, Nairobi County
    (2014-03-11) Muiruri, Charles Njuguna Muiruri; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia
    This study aims at investigating the role of county administration with particular reference to those formerly in provincial administration (county commissioners, district, chiefs and assistant chiefs) in fire disaster mitigation and management in Mukuru Kwa Njenga slum in Nairobi County. The objectives of the study were to investigate the role of county administration in law enforcement, community enlightment /education, and fire disaster response planning and reconstruction coordination. Literature relating to fire disaster mitigation and management in urban informal settlements in the world, Africa and Kenya has been reviewed. The target populations of the study were the residents of Mukuru Kwa Njenga slum in Nairobi County and the county administration officials serving the area, ranging from the county commissioner, Deputy county commissioner, Assistant county commissioner, chiefs and their assistants as established under the National government coordination Act 2013. Research was conducted through descriptive research design. Snowballing method was used to access respondents where a chain of respondents residing in various villages were accessed. A questionnaire was used to gather information and it was administered to respondents by the researcher and research assistants. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested through a pilot study that was done in Mukuru Kwa Njenga slum before the actual study. In addition to the questionnaires, interviews, observation and statistics from disaster, risks and hazards records were used to establishing the role of county administration in fire disaster mitigation and management in Mukuru Kwa Njenga slum in Nairobi County. The data collected was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods via SPSS and was presented in the form of graphs, pie charts, tables and percentages.
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    The role of traditional elders in Somali-land and governance
    (Kenyatta University, 2014) Mohamed, Ahmed Musse; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia; Wasonga, J.
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    Trends of internal displacement in Kenya: the case of Kuresoi, Nakuru County, 1992 - 2008
    (2014-08-01) Mutugi, Doughlas Muriithi; Kiruthu, Felix Macharia; Ngari, L. K.
    This study will investigate trends of internal displacement in Kenya; the case of KuresoiNorth Sub-County between 1992-2008. The sub-county is inhabited by several ethnic groups although the Kipsigis (a sub-group of the larger Kalenjin), the Kikuyu and the Kisii are the most populous. Since the introduction of multi-party politics in 1991, the sub-county has been experiencing political violence resulting into internal displacement during general elections. After providing some historical background to the study, relevant literature is reviewed on Iraq, Sudan, Kenya and Molo. The reviewed literature show that although there is much literature on ethnic violence at international, regional and national levels, little effort has been made to interrogate trends in regards to the motives, trends in the process and the consequences of internal displacement in Kuresoi North Sub-County in the period 1992-2008. This gap justifies the need for this study. The study will be guided by three objectives; to analyze trends in the motives for internal displacement, to examine trends in the process of internal displacement and to analyze the consequences of internal displacement in Kuresoi North Sub-County between 1992-2008. The study is predicated on three fundamental premises. First, internal displacement in the study area was motivated by political competition. Second, internal displacement was characterized by violence. Finally, internal displacement inKuresoi North Sub-County between 1992-2008 led to loss of residents' livelihoods. The study will employ Protracted Social Conflict theory to analyze data. In terms of methodology, the study will employ oral interviews and questionnaire guideline to collect data. The data will be collected from respondents who will be classified into four strata; host communities' elders, IDPs, government officials, and NGOs and religious organizations. Qualitative data will be analyzed, organized, and categorized into key thematic areas. Quantitative data will be sorted, coded, and classified according to descriptive numerals. The data will be presented in tables, bar graphs and pie charts.