RP-School of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies

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Browsing RP-School of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies by Author "Mburu, Amos Muiruri"

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    Assessment of Security Intelligence Analysis Impacts to Humanitarian Communities Safety and Security in Kenya
    (IAJILE, 2024-10) Mburu, Amos Muiruri
    Security intelligence analysis involves the systematic collection, evaluation, and interpretation of information to understand potential threats. For humanitarian communities, this means understanding the dynamics of criminal activities, political tensions, economic conditions, and other external factors that may disrupt their operations. Through crime analysis, NGOs identified patterns and trends that may indicate emerging threats, such as increased crime rates in areas where they operate or targeted attacks against humanitarian workers. The current study aimed to assess the security intelligence analysis impacts to humanitarian communities’ safety and security in Kenya. The study objectives were; to evaluate how humanitarian communities incorporate open-source information into their security assessments and decision-making processes related to safety and security and to explore the patterns and trends of criminal activities and how these dynamics impact the safety of humanitarian communities. The study was guided by PESTLE analysis theory and Intelligence-Led Policing (ILP) theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population for this study consisted of includes program managers, IT personnel, and security officers. There are about 6,000 registered NGOs in the country. A combination of purposive and stratified sampling techniques was utilized to select participants for this study. The sample size included 200 respondents, which is adequate for achieving statistical significance and enabling in-depth analysis. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data analysis involved quantitative methods. The quantitative data obtained from the structured questionnaires was analyzed using statistical software such as SPSS. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages. Further, regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between information security practices and the safety and security of NGOs. The findings revealed that a significant relationship (r = 0.75) between crime hotspots and the presence of NGOs, indicating that NGOs operating in areas with higher crime rates face greater security challenges. Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = 0.68) was found between the regular use of open-source information and the effectiveness of security assessments, suggesting that organizations that actively integrate open-source intelligence are better equipped to anticipate and respond to emerging threats. The study concluded that NGOs face multiple security challenges, including crime, cyber threats, political unrest, and social disruptions, which significantly affect their operations. The use of security intelligence, specifically through crime and threat analysis, enables these organizations to anticipate risks, prepare for potential disruptions, and respond effectively to emerging threats. The study recommended that government should establish frameworks that encourage closer collaboration between security agencies and NGOs. Through sharing intelligence data, especially regarding crime patterns and emerging threats, the government may help NGOs stay informed and better prepare for potential security challenges. Regular engagement through workshops and training sessions will also foster trust and cooperation.
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    Integrated Security Solutions in Manufacturing Industries and Its Impact to Loss Prevention in Nairobi City County, Kenya
    (IAJAH, 2024-09) Mburu, Amos Muiruri
    The manufacturing sector has always been a cornerstone of economic development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like Nairobi, Kenya. As industrial activities expand, so do the associated risks, including theft, vandalism, and operational losses. Nairobi's industrial area, in particular, has witnessed significant challenges related to security, impacting the overall efficiency and profitability of manufacturing firms. Loss prevention in this sector has grown in importance, necessitating the adoption of comprehensive security measures that are both proactive and reactive. Integrated security solutions, which encompass a combination of personnel, technology, and procedures, have emerged as an essential strategy for manufacturers aiming to safeguard their assets. The study objectives were; to assess the existing security frameworks utilized by manufacturing firms in Kenya, identifying both technological and human resource components and to identify key challenges in implementing integrated security solutions. The study was guided by Routine activity theory which was developed by Lawrence E. Cohen and Marcus Felson (1979). The study adopted an explanatory research design. The target population of the study comprised manufacturing firms operating within Nairobi’s Industrial Area. According to the Nairobi County Government (2021), there are approximately 150 registered manufacturing firms in this area. A stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure that the sample was representative of different types of manufacturing firms within the Industrial Area. The population was divided into strata based on the size of the firm (small, medium, and large). A sample size of 50 firms was selected. This sample size was determined based on Yamane’s (1967) formula. The study relied on secondary data as the primary research instrument. Data analysis was conducted using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study revealed that most manufacturing firms in Nairobi's Industrial Area employed a combination of technological and human resource components in their security frameworks. Descriptive statistics indicated that 80% of the firms used surveillance technologies, such as CCTV cameras, as their primary security tool. The findings from inferential statistics showed a positive correlation (r =0.72, p < 0.05) between the use of integrated security systems (technology and human resources) and loss prevention, indicating that firms with more comprehensive security frameworks experienced fewer security breaches. The study also identified several key challenges faced by manufacturing firms when implementing integrated security solutions. Additionally, 45% of the respondents mentioned difficulties in keeping up with technological advancements, as systems often became outdated quickly, requiring frequent upgrades. The study concluded that the integration of technological and human resource components plays a pivotal role in enhancing loss prevention. Manufacturing firms that implemented advanced security systems such as surveillance cameras, biometric access controls, and alarm systems, in conjunction with trained security personnel, experienced fewer security breaches and significant reductions in losses caused by theft, vandalism, and operational disruptions. Manufacturing firms, especially SMEs, should explore costeffective security technologies that offer scalable solutions. Governments and industry bodies can assist by providing incentives, subsidies, or tax reliefs to lower the initial costs of implementing advanced security systems, enabling more firms to adopt these technologies. The study recommended that manufacturing firms should invest in regular training programs to enhance the skills of security personnel responsible for managing and operating integrated security systems. Firms must prioritize regular upgrades and maintenance of their security systems to ensure that they remain effective and up to date.