RP-School of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies

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Browsing RP-School of Security, Diplomacy and Peace Studies by Author "Ichani, Xavier Francis"

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    State Reconstruction Initiatives of the African Union Mission in Somalia (2007-2022)
    (Path of Science, 2025-04) Kandie, Dennis Kiptoo; Ichani, Xavier Francis; Onyango, Evans Odhiambo
    State reconstruction by international actors, individually or collectively, has been a diagnostic framework for Peace Support Operations outcomes and states' vulnerabilities to conflicts or failed states. This study interrogated the state reconstruction initiatives of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). This study employed a case study research design using a sample size of 62 informants determined purposively. The researchers presented the analysed data qualitatively. Using the state-building, securitisation and intervention theories to underpin the discourse of AMISOM's intervention, the study observed numerous initiatives employed by AMISOM. They included stabilisation initiatives, civilian protection, civil-military cooperation, counter-terrorism, and gender-based initiatives. Further initiatives were on security, humanitarian action and institutional capacity building. Generally, these initiatives positively impacted Somalia's statehood strides. The study recommends that military interventions, such as AMISOM, should prioritise state reconstruction initiatives in their mandate. Further, African Union-United Nations (AU–UN) partnerships on state reconstruction initiatives should develop sustainable strategies enabling stakeholders to achieve the stipulated mission mandates.
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    Strategies for Restoring the Mediatory Role of the Kenya Military Contingents in the Democratic Republic of Congo
    (American Research Journal of Humanities & Social Science (ARJHSS), 2025-02) Wangui, Esther; Manana, Collins Powell; Ichani, Xavier Francis
    Climate change and variability has hampered global agricultural growth and is anticipated to have a notable impact on crop production owing to the high reliance of agricultural activities on weather. The study examined impact of climate variability on production of major food crops (maize, beans and Irish potatoes) in Kieni West subCounty, Kenya. Mixed methods research design was used. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r) was used to assess the relationship between climate variables and the major food crops. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was employed to assess the effect of rainfall and temperature variability on major food crops. Analysis of quantitative data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics while analysis of qualitative data was done thematically. Data presentation was by use of figures, tables and verbatim quotes. Correlation results revealed a positive relationship between rainfall and bean (r = 0.46) and maize production (r = 0.33) and a negative relationship between rainfall and Irish potatoes production (r = -0.056). A negative relationship between maximum temperatures and production of bean (r = -0.89) and maize (r = -0.56) was observed while a positive relationship between maximum temperatures and production of Irish potatoes (r = 0.02) was reported. Also, correlation results revealed a negative relationship between minimum temperatures and production of maize (r = -0.35), beans (r = -0.43) and Irish potatoes (r = -0.38). Coefficient of Determination (R2) value of 0.11, 0.18, 0.003 for maize, beans and Irish potatoes respectively against rainfall was reported. R2 values of 0.32, 0.80 and 0.00 was reported for maize, beans and Irish potatoes respectively against maximum temperatures while R2 values of 0.12, 0.18 and 0.14 was reported for maize, beans and Irish potatoes respectively against minimum temperatures. The study concludes that climate variability had differential impacts on production of maize, beans and Irish potatoes in the study area.