Development of Leishmania vaccines: predicting the future from past and present experience

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dc.contributor.authorMutiso, J. M.
dc.contributor.authorMacharia, John Chege
dc.contributor.authorKiio, Maria Ndunge
dc.contributor.authorIchagichu, James Maina
dc.contributor.authorRikoi, Hitler
dc.contributor.authorGicheru, M. M.
dc.date.accessioned2013-09-27T11:52:08Z
dc.date.available2013-09-27T11:52:08Z
dc.date.issued2013-03
dc.description.abstractLeishmaniasis is a disease that ranges in severity from skin lesions to serious disfigurement and fatal systemic infection. Resistance to infection is associated with a T-helper-1 immune response that activates macrophages to kill the intracellular parasite in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Conversely, disease progression is generally associated with a T-helper-2 response that activates humoral immunity. Current control is based on chemotherapeutic treatments which are expensive, toxic and associated with high relapse and resistance rates. Vaccination remains the best hope for control of all forms of the disease, and the development of a safe, effective and affordable antileishmanial vaccine is a critical global public-health priority. Extensive evidence from studies in animal models indicates that solid protection can be achieved by immunization with defined subunit vaccines or live-attenuated strains of Leishmania. However, to date, no vaccine is available despite substantial efforts by many laboratories. Major impediments in Leishmania vaccine development include: lack of adequate funding from national and international agencies, problems related to the translation of data from animal models to human disease, and the transition from the laboratory to the field. Furthermore, a thorough understanding of protective immune responses and generation and maintenance of the immunological memory, an important but least-studied aspect of antiparasitic vaccine development, during Leishmania infection is needed. This review focuses on the progress of the search for an effective vaccine against human and canine leishmaniasis.en_US
dc.description.urihttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602867/
dc.identifier.citationJ Biomed Res. 2013 March; 27(2): 85–10en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/7380
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Biomedical Researchen_US
dc.subjectLeishmaniaen_US
dc.subjectLeishmaniasisen_US
dc.subjectVaccineen_US
dc.subjectImmunizationen_US
dc.subjectImmune responseen_US
dc.titleDevelopment of Leishmania vaccines: predicting the future from past and present experienceen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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