HIV‑1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment‑naive and ‑experienced injection drug users and non‑drug users

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dc.contributor.authorBudambula, Valentine
dc.contributor.authorMusumba, Francis O.
dc.contributor.authorWebale, Mark K.
dc.contributor.authorKahiga, Titus M.
dc.contributor.authorOngecha‑Owuor, Francisca
dc.contributor.authorKiarie, James N.
dc.contributor.authorSowayi, George A.
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Aabid A.
dc.contributor.authorOuma, Collins
dc.contributor.authorWere, Tom
dc.date.accessioned2016-02-12T06:29:49Z
dc.date.available2016-02-12T06:29:49Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.descriptionResearch paperen_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Although injection drug use drives antiretroviral drug resistance, the prevalence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance among Kenyan IDUs remains undetermined. We, therefore, explored PI resistance mutations and their association with viral load and CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-1 infected IDUs (ART-naive, n = 32; and -experienced, n = 47) and non-drug users (ART-naive, n = 21; and -experienced, n = 32) naive for PI treatment from coastal Kenya. Results: Only IDUs harboured major PI resistance mutations consisting of L90M, M46I and D30 N among 3 (6.4 %) ART-experienced and 1 (3.1 %) -naive individuals. Minor PI mutations including A71T, G48E, G48R, I13V, K20I, K20R, L10I, L10V, L33F, L63P, T74S, V11I, and V32L were detected among the ART-experienced (36.2 vs. 46.9 %) and -naive (43.8 vs. 66.7 %) IDUs and non-drug users, respectively. All the four IDUs possessing major mutations had high viral load while three presented with CD4+ T cell counts of <500 cells/ml. Among the ART-naive non-drug users, CD4+ T cell counts were significantly lower in carriers of minor mutations compared to non-carriers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Transmitted drug resistance may occur in IDUs underscoring the need for genotyping resistance before initiating PI treatment.en_US
dc.identifier.citationBudambula et al. AIDS Res Ther (2015) 12:27 DOI 10.1186/s12981-015-0070-yen_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/14148
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherBioMed Centralen_US
dc.subjectHIV-1en_US
dc.subjectProtease inhibitoren_US
dc.subjectDrug resistanceen_US
dc.subjectAntiretroviralen_US
dc.subjectTreatment-naiveen_US
dc.subjectTreatment-experienceden_US
dc.subjectInjection drug usersen_US
dc.subjectNon-drug usersen_US
dc.subjectCoastal Kenyaen_US
dc.titleHIV‑1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment‑naive and ‑experienced injection drug users and non‑drug usersen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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